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UNIT FOUR READING GUIDE

I. Where Are States Located? 1. A microstate is a state that encompasses a very small land area. 2. Western Sahara (Sahrawi Republic) is not a sovereign state even if it is considered to be by most Africans because Morocco has claimed the territory and even built a 2,700 kilometer wall around the territory. Morocco controls most of the populated are so Western Sahara is not a sovereign state. 3. In 1959 the Antarctic Treaty was signed and it provided legal framework for managing Antarctica. The states were able to establish research stations there for scientific investigations, but no military activities were permitted. 4. By the year 1100 a handful of powerful kings emerged as rulers over large numbers of these European estates. The consolidation of neighboring estates under the unified control of a king formed the basis of the development of a modern Western Europe. 5. Most of the remaining colonies are islands in the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea, Puerto Rico, Pitcairn Island and etc.

II. Why Do Boundaries Between States Cause Problems? 6. A boundary is an invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory. A frontier is a zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control. 7. The Law of the Sea standardized the territorial limits for most countries at 12 nautical miles. Also, states have the right to fish and other marine life within 200 miles. Countries separated by less than 400 miles of sea must negotiate the location of the boundary between exclusive fishing rights. 8. Geometric Boundary- They play an important role in separating one form of government from another. Ex: The United States - Canada Boundary Religious Boundary- They help in the prevention of religious wars and/or clashing. Ex: The Northern Ireland- Ireland

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