...FEMSA – Organization Development – HR Sustainment Intervention Fomento Economico Mexicano, known as Femsa (FMX) sustainability program keeps evolving with new acquisition and joint business ventures. In 2011, FEMSA and business segments required an organization development planned change to improve the corporation’s sustainability. Our research will focus on the corporations five core areas: ethics and corporate values; quality of life in the company; health and wellness, community engagement and, environment care. The OD practitioner used the well know Lewin’s Action Research theory, which is composed of repetitive four step process: diagnostic, planning, plan execution, and plan evaluation (Cheung-Judge, M., & Holbeche, L. 2011) FEMSA is a leading company that participates in the non-alcoholic beverage industry through Coca-Cola FEMSA (KOF), the largest independent bottler of Coca-Cola products in the world in terms of sales volume; in the retail industry through FEMSA Comercio, operating the largest and fastest-growing chain of stores in Latin America, and in the beer industry, through its ownership of the second largest equity stake in Heineken, one of the world’s leading brewers with operations in over 70 countries. KOF invested more than Ps. 28,000 million in mergers and acquisitions during 2011, to consolidate its leadership position in Mexico and Latin America, while entering the milk and value-added dairy products category with a leading...
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...Why was it important? Richard Nixon sent the New York Governor, Nelson Rockefeller, to talk with Latin American leaders and give recommendations to the US policy. Rockefeller reported that the US and Latin American were becoming more distant and suggested that the US show more tolerance for authoritarian rule in Latin America. This is significant because it left the Nixon administration with two options to maintain bilateral relations with Latin America. He could either give more economic aid or assist the authoritarian governments. 2. Why did the US oppose Allende's democratically elected government? How responsible was the US for its overthrow? Allende sought to improve the living standards of his nation by decreasing the influence of large land owners and US multinational corporations. As a result, the US copper mining companies and the International Telephone and Telegraph feared that they would lose more under his power. Also, Nixon feared that if Chile...
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...Cervical Cancer Caused by Human Papillomavirus Infection in Latin America: A Focus on Populations in Rural Honduras Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer affecting women worldwide, but is the most common cause of cancer death in women in developing countries, disproportionally representing 80% of the cervical cancer deaths in women throughout the world (Ferrera et al., 1997; Perkins et al., 2011). More specifically, in 2008, statistics recorded over 80,000 women in Latin America and the Caribbean were diagnosed with cervical cancer, and nearly 36,000 died from the disease (PAHO et al., 2012). This accounts for over 16% (incidence) and over 13% (mortality) of the world’s public health burden due to cervical cancer. These numbers indicate that incidence of cervical cancer in Latin America is among the highest in the world, along with Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia (Arrossi et al., 2003). Cervical cancer mortality has remained consistently high in Latin America despite significant health care spending increases due to poor quality services, as well as, limited population coverage, specifically in rural areas (Perkins et al., 2009). Most importantly; however, is that cervical cancer is the most prevalent cause of cancer in women in Honduras and the leading cause of cancer death for Honduran women (Ferrera et al., 1997; Garrett et al., 2013) It is critical to note that many epidemiological studies show that the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is detected...
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...too uneven. The main purpose of this essay is to address the question that many people are asking themselves: is inequality a consequence of too much or too little government intervention. The government intervenes in the economy in four ways. First, it produces public goods and services, such as education, infrastructure, national defense, and health care....
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...person has in order to pursue happiness and to strive for a better life has been indisputably the gap among developed and undeveloped countries for decades. However, hard work does not seem to be the key factor to achieve happiness and/or a better life. Then, what does? During the beginning of the 1980’s decade, Mexico among other Latin-American countries started to adopt Structural Adjustment Programs (SAP) sponsored by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) in response to the neo-liberal ideology that was starting to spread around the world as the avenue for global well-being. The World Health Organization states that Structural Adjustment Programs: “were economic policies for developing countries that have been promoted by the WB and IMF since the early 1980s by the provision of loans conditional on the adoption of such policies.” The economic policies promoted by the IMF and WB were meant to encourage the structural adjustment of an economy by, for example, removing excess government controls and promoting market competition as part of the neo-liberal agenda. As a result, the agricultural economic sector in Mexico and Latin-America was the most affected after the implementation of the SAP’s economic policies. This lead to a massive migration of workers from the countryside from different...
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... GDP per capita is often a very lacking indicator of economic development. There are many other factors that affect economic development. The three core values of development are: sustenance, self-esteem, and freedom. While growing GDP and GNI can help attain these, particularly sustenance, it is not enough. Often incomes are not distributed evenly, in both developing and developed nations. Sustenance is basic goods and services, including food, shelter, clothing; the basic needs for survival. GDP can help achieve this but it has less effect on the other two core values. Self-esteem can be described as a feeling of worthiness that a society enjoys when it’s social, political, and economic system and institutions promote human values including respect, dignity, integrity, and self-determination. A large GDP/capita increase was seen in many Middle Eastern countries, yet most of the population was left out of the growth, women are treated as second citizens, and poverty is still wide spread. Freedom is a situation in which a society has a variety of alternatives which to satisfy its wants and individuals enjoy choices according to their preferences. A growing GDP will not bring Freedom in all cases. Many times money goes to only a small subset of the population, who still might not enjoy as much freedom as feasible because there is a lack of choices to spend their incomes on. However, in many countries around the world half the population, embodied in...
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...Latin America’s history has been an arduous and long struggle in their attempt to break the chains that bound them. Since the conquista, conquering, of their lands during the colonial era, Latin America has been a region plagued with an oppressed poor. There have been people that have been the voice for the poor community in Latin America. These people are specific priest of the Catholic Church, these priests took it upon themselves to go against the status quo and appeal to the poor. These priests quickly became a beacon for the poor because with their guidance the poor were seeing a way out of the despair of poverty. The priest to place this feeling of helping the poor rather than the elite was the Dominican friar, Bartolome De Las Casas. He was the first priest to challenge the crowns of Portugal and Spain, because of their maltreatment to the indigenous people of the New World. In this day and age, the poor still go through a systemic way of oppression; in which the poor stay being the poor and they receive no help from the government and the concept of imperialism is continuously suffocating the poor. Until the archbishops of Latin America got together to discuss what should be their primary focus; out of that meeting the idea that the archbishops of Latin America should direct their energy to the poor was formed. That idea soon evolved into an ideology that came to be called, Liberation Theology. Gustavo Gutiérrez, whom admired the work that Bartolome De Las Casas had done...
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...Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Concerns Gender equality is a global concern in the community, women, in particular, have been vulnerable to abuse by their male counterparts. Gender equality cannot be achieved until each woman has control over their sexual and reproductive health decisions, this includes the risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. This decision is important to determine the spacing of children and also avoidance of early pregnancies, for achievement of equality, comprehensive interventions should be implemented at an early stage such as schools and in the community setting. Educating the girl child is an important tool for empowering them to better their control over sexual and reproductive health decisions among the adolescents, (Parsons 1). The control over sexual and reproductive health issues is an important element in achieving gender equality. Women need to decide whether, when and with whom to have sex, they can make the decision on childbearing and have an opportunity to ask their partners to use a condom. Today there are millions of unintended pregnancies each year, this is an indication that women and girls are unable to make decisions for their reproductive health decisions. Statistics shows that early initiation of sex predisposes girls to a higher risk of HIV, STIs, and early pregnancies. Statistics shows that pregnancy-related cause is the largest contributor of mortality among girls of ages 15 to 19 years with close to 70...
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...Facultad de Economia y NegociosEscuela de Ingenieria Comercial | Economic development in Panama between 1995-2010 | Taller de Economía Empresarial | | José Venegas Rojas | | Professor: John Cobin Santiago, Chile 2013 I. - Introduction. The controlling purpose of this paper is to review the academic literature about the economic development of Panama between 1995-2010 in Panama City. Panama is among the twenty economies which have grown the most in the past ten years, according to the World Bank, which curiously matches giving ones the administration of the Panama Canal by the United States to Panama in 1999. Most of the buildings in Panama City were built around 2000 and in order to observe this change, the financial statements of the country when it still belonged to the United States, will be analyzed so that it can be possible to consider a factor in the economic development in this country. On December 31, 1999, at midday the Panama Republic took administrative control of the Panama Canal after a long process of negotiation which started in 1977 with the signing of the Treaty between the President Jimmy Carter from the United States and the Panama president Omar Torrijos. This Treaty stated that it was an important issue that Panama guaranteed the neutrality of the Canal. This step of command happened after almost eighty-five years of diplomatic negotiations between the US and Panama. Many Panamanians considered the administration of the Panama...
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...Imperialism is a type of advocacy of empire. Its name originated from the Latin word "imperium", meaning to rule over large territories. Imperialism is "a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means".[2] Imperialism has greatly shaped the contemporary world.[3] The term imperialism has been applied to Western political and economic dominance in the 19th and 20th centuries, however its precise meaning continues to be debated by scholars. For example, cartographers of the nineteenth century used cartography to further fuel imperialism. As scholar Bassett notes, "Maps were used in various ways to extend European hegemony over foreign and often unknown territory."[4] It is better to use terms such as cultural or economic imperialism to describe some of these less formal types of domination.[5] Some writers, such as Edward Said, use the term more broadly to describe any system of domination and subordination organised with an imperial center and a periphery.[6] From a Marxist perspective, imperialism is a natural feature of a developed capitalist nation state as it matures into monopoly capitalism. In Lenin's work Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism, he observed that as capitalism matured in the Western world, economies shifted away from manufacturing towards banking, finance, and capital markets, as production was outsourced to the empires' colonies. Lenin concluded that competition between Empire and...
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...wla lngTaenia saginata Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Platyhelminthes Class: Cestoda Order: Cyclophyllidea Family: Taeniidae Genus: Taenia Species: T. saginata Binomial name Taenia saginata Goeze, 1782 Taenia saginata, also known as Taeniarhynchus saginata or the beef tapeworm, is a parasite of both cattle and humans, causing taeniasis in humans. Taenia saginata occurs where cattle are raised by infected humans maintaining poor hygiene, human feces are improperly disposed of, meat inspection programs are poor, and where meat is eaten without proper cooking. The disease is relatively common in Africa, some parts of Eastern Europe, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. Taenia saginata proglottid stained to show uterine branches. The pore on the side identifies T. saginata as a cyclophyllid cestode. T. saginata is normally 4 m to 10 m in length, but can become very large, over 12 m long in some situations. The body is whitish in colour, divided into the anterior scolex, followed by a short neck and a highly extended body proper called the strobila. Unlike other tapeworms, the scolex does not have a rostellum or scolex armature. It is composed of four powerful suckers. The strobila is composed a series of ribbon-like segments called proglottids. The segments are made up of mature and gravid proglottids. T. saginata is the largest of genus Taenia, consisting between 1000 to 2000 proglottids, and can also have a lifespan of 25 years in a host's intestine...
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...JOSÉ LUIS MACHINEA Executive Secretary ALICIA BÁRCENA Deputy Executive Secretary Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean economic commission for latin america and the caribbean C E P A L Review NUMBER 85 APRIL 2005 SANTIAGO, CHILE OSCAR ALTIMIR Director REYNALDO BAJRAJ Deputy Director The CEPAL Review was founded in 1976 and is published three times a year by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, which has its headquarters in Santiago, Chile. The Review, however, has full editorial independence and follows the usual academic procedures and criteria, including the review of articles by independent external referees. The Review is distributed to universities, research institutes and other international organizations, as well as to individual subscribers, and is also consulted extensively on the Internet. The purpose of the Review is to contribute to the discussion of socio-economic development issues in the region by offering analytical and policy approaches and articles by economists and other social scientists working both within and outside the United Nations. Accordingly, the editorial board of the Review extends its readers an open invitation to submit for publication articles analysing various aspects of economic and social development in Latin America and the Caribbean. The opinions expressed in the signed articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the...
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...SOC 300 Soldiers and Politics Week 9 Slide # Topic Narration 1 Introduction Welcome to week nine of Sociology three hundred. This week we are going to discuss Soldiers and Politics. In much of the Third World there has been military involvement in politics at the national level. Many prominent positions in government have been and continue to be held by military leaders. Throughout this course, we have noted that the developing world is diverse. Thus, the level of military involvement in the political arena of each nation is different. In many countries there is no clear dividing line between the armed forces and political activity. With the rise of democracy in many Third World countries in recent years, there has been a steady decline in military leadership at the government level. However, this is not to say that military leaders have completely stepped down from politics. In fact, countries such as Libya and Pakistan still have military rulers in the highest positions of government. In other countries the armed forces continue to exert considerable influence over civilian political leaders. Prior to the nineteen eighties military involvement in politics of the developing world was pervasive. It was considered by some to be a defining feature of political underdevelopment. And certainly it was a feature of extreme instability within nations. A study of fifty nine developing nations shows that between nineteen forty six and nineteen seventy, there...
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...According to the international document of Universal Declaration of Human Rights, all individuals are entitled to their own basic rights and fundamental freedom without inequity, despite their skin color, race, ethnicity and beliefs. Although most countries has successfully promoted and practiced these basic human rights, there are still some countries that are still struggling to approach this policy due to the dissent of the society. A perennial human rights problem in Brazil strikes; leading to unlawful killings and discrimination amongst innocent citizens due to their socio-economic class, skin color, and identity. In the early 1990’s, the act of murdering police officials, or also known better as the ‘social cleansing’ which happened...
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...collectors formed bird collections reveal s a rich story of international scientific relations and power structure throughout the 19th and 20th century. Reconstructing the story of Colombian birds allows the author to build a history that not only analyzes the early and complex scientific relations between the United States and Colombia, but also takes into account the importance of North America's growing influence over Latin America as well as Colombia's changing economic, cultural and social history to understand different perception of the natural world in both countries. For a North American, the study of birds brought forth a natural world where US imperialist intentions over Latin America were entirely legitimized. For Colombian naturalists, the study of birds offered another way to promote relations with the United States and incorporated Colombia into the international arena of science. At the same time, a toucan in 1940 had a different meaning to a North American, who in the midst of Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor policy, approached Latin America as an important economic and political ally, than to a Colombian rooted in the context in which nationalism had a very strong current. In other words, a study of the changing meaning of Colombian birds allows us to understand the many ways in which imperialism, nationalism, and...
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