...Human and Machine Intelligence: Team Assignment Phil/443 Human and Machine Intelligence Axiology is a philosophical approach in which values and valued judgement are the main focus. This says includes ethics- the good things and the bad things that we each value on a different level. There are different beliefs, religions, and different rules that we each value on a daily basis. The fact that their have been goals set in a machine obtaining artificial intelligence is a very good thing that has been developing over the years. This is something that is definitely valued by most people in the world today, and in my opinion machines makes life much easier. “Axiology is the study of value or goodness, in its widest sense. The distinction is commonly made between that which is valuable for its own sake and that which is valuable only as means to something else, which itself may be extrinsically or intrinsically valuable.”(Axiology.(2013).In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com. Goals are plans that require a commitment in order to get the desired result. The goal of artificial intelligence was to build a machine that could possibly do what the human being couldn’t. This goal has changed tremendously over the years because it has been seen and clarified that it is not as easy as it seemed it would be in the beginning. Though these machines are not very far from artificial intelligence, the human brain can help it to get to that point. The current...
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...Human and Machine Intelligence Essay I have been tasked with examining the root similarities and differences between human and machine intelligence. This is no small feat considering the copious amounts of scientific and philosophical information attributed to each, including fact, speculation, conviction, or otherwise. Defining intelligence alone has been historically subjected to great debate; add to that the hypotheticals of artificial intelligence and a whole new scale of complications become apparent. Through the course of this essay Team C will analyze and discuss a handful of key variables pertaining to biological (human or human-like) and mechanical intelligences, including their presumed natures and components, etc., and in the case of machines current achievements, ambitions, and the direction of development. With greater understanding of the elements of each, Team C can begin to compare and contrast the two with as much precision as possible, given the level of uncertainty. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been a difficult goal to reach for scientists. Major milestones have been crossed on the road to true AI. According to Anthony Tongen, “In 1999, a group of scientists from Emory University and Georgia Tech made a calculator (called the “leechulator”) with neurons taken from leeches” (Tongen, 2003). This adaptation of biological components and mechanical material strikes major ground in the collective effort to reach true melding of flesh and machine. By 2010 Swedish...
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...Artificial Intelligence Vs Humanity: Why we should think about the threat of Artificial Intelligence? Artificial Intelligence is definitely a touchy subject for the human race. The very mention of the term conjures up images of apocalyptic societies where intelligent super-computers have either enslaved the human race or eradicated the inferior species altogether. For some, the connotation of "artificial intelligence" attacks the very core of the human spirit, the pride of our race. The very thought of an "intelligent" computer that is on par, or more likely superior, to our own brain sends chills down the spine. Are these concerns realistic? Or are they unfounded worries of people who don't understand the issue? Some proponents of artificial intelligence insist that such concerns are the result of semantic misunderstanding. By definition, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the area of computer science focusing on creating machines that can engage on behaviors that humans consider intelligent ("Artificial Intelligence”, Herzfeld Noreen). The ability to create intelligent machines has intrigued humans since ancient times and today with the advent of the computer and 50 years of research into AI programming techniques, the dream of smart machines is becoming a reality (Nonlinear Science and Complexity, M. Marques). Researchers are creating systems which can mimic human thought, understand speech, beat the best human chess player, and countless other feats never before possible...
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...ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Name INF 103: Computer Literacy Instructor: Bonita Spight-Williams April 13, 2013 Artificial Intelligence What does our future hold in the area of Artificial Intelligence? “The goal of many computer scientists since the mid–20th century has been to create a computer that could perform logical operations so well that it could actually learn and become sentient or conscious. The effort to achieve this is called artificial intelligence, or AI.” (Bowles, 2010). AI is a branch of computer science that deals with developing machines that solve complex problems in a more human-like manner. This involves computers adopting characteristics of human intelligence. However, it has many associations with other fields of study such as Math, Psychology, Biology, and Philosophy. Many scientists believe that by combining these various fields of study they will ultimately succeed in creating an artificially intelligent machine. A lot of scientists believe that the key to figuring out artificial intelligence is to copy the basic function of the human brain. While it is certainly evident that a computer can acquire knowledge from a program or programmer, it is the new developments in AI that will enable it to apply the knowledge. The new advancements in AI will hopefully enable these machines to not only possess the knowledge, but also understand how to utilize it in a number of situations. Artificial Intelligence researchers analyze human intelligent...
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...definitions and goals of Artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence It is ok, but what is the intelligence? Intelligence is the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world. There is not a solid definition of it because we cannot yet characterize in general what kinds of computational procedures we want to call intelligent. We understand some of the mechanisms of intelligence and not others. As you can see on the screen, Artificial Intelligence has various goals such as put the human mind...
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...Artificial Intelligence Christianie Dor INF103 LaWanda Morant 8/26/2014 Like with most phenomena, our imaginations are far more advanced than our current reality. This is especially true in the case of technology and more specifically artificial intelligence. If the scientific movies were any indication of reality humans should be fearful of any technological advancement in the field of artificial intelligence because it surely means some type of machine uprising. An uprising in which the creator must fear the created. Such an uprising is something that we don’t have to fear for quite some time because unlike how artificial intelligence is portrayed in the movies, science has not gotten that advanced. As research and time has went on in the artificial science field the conclusion that “superhuman artificial intelligence is far from the current state of the art and probably beyond the range of projection for even the most optimistic AI researcher” has been made (Hendler, 1995). It will take many lifetimes to get artificial intelligence to the levels we see it on the silver screens. Technology, knowledge, and implementing the information we know into actual programs is something that will take more time and different approaches. In order for someone to understand the concept of artificial intelligence they must first have an understanding of what intelligence actually is. The subject of intelligence has fascinated researchers and philosophers for years. Humans hold intelligence...
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...Artificial Intelligence Balinda Roberts INF 103 Computer Literacy Debra Austin July 4, 2013 Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It includes people, procedure, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that demonstrated characteristics of intelligence. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but Artificial Intelligence does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable. Intelligence is basically the computation part of the ability to achieve goals in the world varying kinds and degrees of intelligence occur in people, many animals and some machines. There is no solid definition of intelligence relating it to human intelligence. The problem is that it cannot yet be characterize in general what kinds of computational procedures can be called intelligent. We understand some of the mechanisms of intelligence and not others. Sometimes Artificial Intelligence is about simulating human intelligence but not always. On the one hand, we can learn something about how to make machines solve problems by observing other people or just by observing our own methods. On the other hand most work in Artificial Intelligence involves studying the problems the world presents to intelligence rather than studying people or animals. Artificial Intelligence textbooks...
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...AI robot: how machine intelligence is evolving No computer can yet pass the 'Turing test' and be taken as human. But the hunt for artificial intelligence is moving in a different, exciting direction that involves creativity, language – and even jazz • Comments (109) • Marcus du Sautoy • The Observer, Saturday 31 March 2012 • Article history [pic] Marcus du Sautoy with one of Luc Steels's language-making robots. Photograph: Jodie Adams/BBC 'I propose to consider the question "Can machines think?"' Not my question but the opening of Alan Turing's seminal 1950 paper which is generally regarded as the catalyst for the modern quest to create artificial intelligence. His question was inspired by a book he had been given at the age of 10: Natural Wonders Every Child Should Know by Edwin Tenney Brewster. The book was packed with nuggets that fired the young Turing's imagination including the following provocative statement: "Of course the body is a machine. It is vastly complex, many times more complicated than any machine ever made with hands; but still after all a machine. It has been likened to a steam machine. But that was before we knew as much about the way it works as we know now. It really is a gas engine; like the engine of an automobile, a motor boat or a flying machine." If the body were a machine, Turing wondered: is it possible to artificially create such a contraption that could think like he did? This year is Turing's centenary so would he...
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...what Artificial intelligence means in the world of information systems. I will give points to both its advantages and disadvantages of its uses. Artificial Intelligence is considered the development of machines such as robots and security systems to perform the job of humans. They even have feelings, thoughts, preferences and the ability to understand human speech (Russell, 2009). In 1941, the most intelligent machine was an invention in the form of the electronic computer. Who would have thought 60 years from then that the same computer would be perfected beyond leaps and bounds and be used to control other machines, as well as be part of day to day living? In 1956, John McCarthy, considered the father of Artificial Intelligence, organized a conference where intellectuals gathered to learn of this phenomenon (Lee, 1992). This laid the foundation for the advancements in artificial intelligence today. Today artificial intelligence is used in our homes and sophisticated establishments such as military bases and the NASA space station. NASA has even sent out artificially intelligent robots to grace some planets and to learn more about their atmosphere and habitat, the intention being to investigate if there is a possibility of humans living on other planets. There are many advantages and disadvantages of the use of artificial intelligence in business and in our day to day lives. Some of the advantages of Artificial Intelligence include: • Machines can be used to...
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...computers can’t replace people. But with artificial intelligence, computers could be trained to think like humans do. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans. Artificial intelligence allows computers to learn from experience, recognize patterns in large amounts of complex data and make complex decisions based on human knowledge and reasoning skills. Currently, no computers exhibit full artificial intelligence (that is, are able to simulate human behavior). AI research is highly technical and specialized, deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. In 1956, John McCarthy, who is thought to be the father of Artificial Intelligence, organized a conference where intellectuals gathered to learn of this phenomenon. This laid the foundation for the advancements in artificial intelligence today. Artificial intelligence has become an important field of study with a wide spread of applications in fields ranging from medicine to agriculture. The central problems of AI traits are reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. The greatest advances have occurred in the field of games playing. Today artificial intelligence is used in our homes and in sophisticated establishments or businesses. There are many advantages and disadvantages of the use of artificial intelligence in business and in our day to day lives. The...
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...If artificial intelligence were capable of emotions, they would be treated with caution, love, and care because of their human attributes. These characteristics appeal to humans due to the kinship that they would feel and the possible desire to build a healthy relationship with machines. Artificial intelligence, being as helpful as it is, has become a very important aspect of humanity. This implies that with humans being as dependent as they are on AI if AIs began to start having feelings, it would affect the way humans interact with them. When interacting with people around us, we would want to be able to build a healthy relationship to ensure that there is a positive atmosphere. That positivity is created through personality traits. Knowing that one is dealing with another individual who will have some type of emotional response to relations around them, changes a person’s perspective on how they want to be perceived. To improve the way someone would want to be perceived would be through treating the relationship between the two with caution. The same can be said about the relationship an individual would have with any type of artificial intelligence. In Kurt Vonnegut’s story,...
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...Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence is a scientific concept that gives machines the ability to copy and complete human tasks. It was a term that first came into use in 1955 and has come quite a long way since then. According to Stanford University in California, this type of intelligence is created by studying and simulating human actions, not human intelligence, to complete tasks. The actions are then programmed into a computer to allow the computer to complete the same task.It does not actually resemble human intelligence at all. Only in the movements and processing and fina l product or accomplishment. The computer should solve all the tasks with its own methods, similar to the methods in which a person with computer knowledge and know how would use. Artificial intelligence will never possess a creative side such a write an original thought, create an intelligent though or compose anything that has not already been thought or entered into its programming. The science of artificial intelligence is the part of the complex computer sciences, and the technology created by humans. The aim of the science is to create answers and solutions as well on the basis of calculations and artificially made intelligent machines. Artificial intelligence is aimed to make the human life easier and do all the difficult tasks and provide people with acceptable solutions to any problems. The main problems with Artificial Intelligence include such...
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...1 The Turing Triage Test Dr. Robert Sparrow Centre for Human Bioethics Faculty of Arts Monash University Victoria 3800 Australia. This paper appeared in print in: Ethics and Information Technology 6(4): 203-213. 2004. Please cite that version. 2 The Turing Triage Test Abstract If, as a number of writers have predicted, the computers of the future will possess intelligence and capacities that exceed our own then it seems as though they will be worthy of a moral respect at least equal to, and perhaps greater than, human beings. In this paper I propose a test to determine when we have reached that point. Inspired by Alan Turing’s (1950) original ‘Turing test’, which argued that we would be justified in conceding that machines could think if they could fill the role of a person in a conversation, I propose a test for when computers have achieved moral standing by asking when a computer might take the place of a human being in a moral dilemma, such as a ‘triage’ situation in which a choice must be made as to which of two human lives to save. We will know that machines have achieved moral standing comparable to a human when the replacement of one of these people with an artificial intelligence leaves the character of the dilemma intact. That is, when we might sometimes judge that it is reasonable to preserve the continuing existence of a machine over the life of a human being. This is the ‘Turing Triage Test’. I argue that if personhood is understood as a matter of possessing...
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...Artificial intelligence From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "AI" redirects here. For other uses, see Ai. For other uses, see Artificial intelligence (disambiguation). Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents"[1] where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success.[2] John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955,[3] defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines."[4] AI research is highly technical and specialized, deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other.[5] Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors: subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. There are subfields which are focussed on the solution of specific problems, on one of several possible approaches, on the use of widely differing tools and towards the accomplishment of particular applications. The central problems of AI include such traits as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects.[6] General intelligence (or "strong AI") is still among the field's long term goals.[7] Currently popular approaches include statistical...
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...Artificial Intelligence Shadena Hobbs INF 103: Computer Literacy Instructor: Lawrence Master January 28, 2013 Is the Intelligence of machines and robots and the branch of computer science that aims to create if Al textbook defines the field as the study and design of intelligent agents. Where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives it’s environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as the science and engineering of making intelligent machines. Al research is highly technical and specialized, deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. Some of the division is due to social and cultural facts subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual searchers. Al researchers is also divided by several technical issues. There are subfields which are focused on the solution of specific problems, on one of several possible traits as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception, and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence and symbolic and traditional Al. There are enormous number of tools in Al, including versions of search and mathematical optimization...
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