...theories could help managers elicit ‘discretionary effort’ from employees. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples of HR practices. One of the most interesting fields of study in human resource management is that of motivation. Researchers have always tried to determine what motivates people's actions and, as a result, different motivation theories have emerged. But before these theories are examined, it should be made clear what motivation means. Lots of academics, including Beardwell and Clayton(2007), define motivation as willingness to exert effort for the realization of specific goals. When a person is motivated, his behaviour is based upon his or her individual needs. Many different factors affect human behaviour, so motivation could be described as a psychological process between the individual and the environment. According to Steers(1996), motivation is extremely important for understanding organizational behaviour. Herzberg also notes that specific attention should be turned to motivation, as it plays an essential part in work organizations. However, human behaviour varies from person to person, which means that people are often motivated by completely different factors. This variation in motivational variables means that it is difficult for managers to predict exact human behaviour or to manipulate employee's psychological willingness. That is the reason why there is no one best motivation theory or framework that can be applied to all people in all work situations...
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...INTRODUCTION This essay begins with a brief description of the Manager interviewed and his work. Thereafter, the utilisation of Mintzbergs Management Roles (in particular, Interpersonal Roles) by the Manager will be discussed. Analysis of the relevance of the Organisational Behaviour Approach will then be done using Maslows Hierearchy of Needs Theory and McGregors Theory X and Y, linked to Katz’s Management Skills. The essay concludes that the Manager makes use of Mintzbergs Interpersonal Roles AND Katz’z Management Skills in his work – with greater use of the Leader Role and Human Skills respectively. This evaluation of the management theories in relation to the manager’s work is supported and analyzed using texts from academic books and journals. DESCRIPTION OF THE MANAGER AND IDENTIFICATION OF HIS WORK A Manager is a person ‘responsible for working with and through others to achieve objectives by influencing people and systems in a changing environment’ (Bloisi, Cook and Hunsaker, 2003, p.50). The Manager interviewed in this study, Mr. R, is a Middle Manager (Manager - Student Community Services) of a private Australian-based Multinational Organization (Monash University Sunway Campus) in the Service sector. The Organisation currently employs over 100 people and was founded in 1998. Mr. R plays a significant role in the Administrative department and he finds the job enjoyable and challenging. Manager R is responsible for managing all important aspects of the Student...
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...that can impact on business performance of Newton, Chambers and Co 4 Task 1.3: The factors of influencing individual behaviour in Newton, Chambers and Co 5 Task 2 6 Task 2.1: The comparison of effective leadership styles within Newton, Chambers and Co and Hi-Gen Power Limited 6 Task 2.2: The way of management functions, managerial roles and management authorities will under plain the practice of management in this company 7 Task 2.3: The evaluation of different approaches of management used by Newton, Chambers and Co and Hi-Gen Power Limited 7 Task 3 9 Task 3.1: The impacts of having different leadership styles on organisational motivation in the periods of change in Newton, Chambers and Co 9 Task 3.2: The comparison of the application of two different motivational theories within my work place 9 Task 3.3: The usefulness of these motivational theories for managers in Newton, Chambers and Co 10 Task 4 11 Task 4.1: The nature of groups and group behaviour within Newton, Chambers and Co and Hi-Gen Power Limited 11 Task 4.2: The factors for promoting the development of an effective team work within Newton, Chambers and Co and Hi-Gen Power Limited 11 Task 4.3: The impact of technology on team functioning in Newton, Chambers and Co 12 Conclusion 12 References 13 Introduction This study can indicate to analyse the individual behaviour within business organisation those are serving energy industry of UK and the linkages between the organisational culture...
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...Scientific Management - Scientific Management This essay will critically evaluate the scientific management’s importance and its contribution in the current management context. In this era of rapid economic development and industrial expansion of different nations, scientific management has enabled every nation to be involved in this global market. Scientific management is the theory which serves as the ‘backbone’ to many current management theories. Scientific management will be briefly described initially. After that, the essay will identify why scientific management is an important contribution to management theory when Frederick Taylor proposed it.... [tags: Business Employee Management] 1639 words (4.7 pages) $19.95 [preview] Scientific Management - Scientific Management Fredrick Taylor, the father of scientific management. He had a firm belief in "one best way" (Samson & Daft, 2003), of doing something. In the year 1899, Taylor held an experiment that involved German and Hungarian men, whose job involved some very heavy-duty work (Gabor, 2000). To his disappointment, men either refused to work, or wouldn't work to his expectations. The men hated him utterly; to the extent he required security when going home (Gabor, 2000). In his entire dilemma with his employers, in stepped Schmidt, a man not of intelligence but had the strength of a bull and an ox-like mentally required to reach the standards of Fredrick Taylor.... [tags: Taylorism Business Management Essays] :: 3...
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...The aim of this essay is to discuss whether it is appropriate to consider the employment relationship as a contract, in the sense of voluntary between the two equal parties. Fox (1974:183) argues that it is inappropriate to consider the employment contract is equal and the employment relationship is merely a ‘brute facts of power’. With reference to Fox’s statement, this essay will discuss the nature of employment relationship, the influence of key institutions and their impact for employers and employees, and the three main perspectives at work. This essay will support Fox’s statement as inequality between the employers and employees is often an issue at the workplace. The basis of employment relationship is the relationship that exists between the employer and employee. The employment relationship is the context within which indicate interactions between employees, who may be unionised, and employers are conducted, both collectively and individually (Kelly, 1998). The employment contract is apparently central to the employment relationship. By the middle of the nineteenth century, with the development of Capitalism in Britain, based on the contractual relationship between an employer and employee, wage labour system had largely displaced traditional forms of work relations that are based on status. The role of the employment contract in the employment relationship is that it captures the way in which the employment relationship is an economic transaction, concerning the...
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...Asignment Brief Orgin Assessment Brief Distribution date: w/c 20/05/2013 Submission deadline: 29/07/2013 Result and feedback date: 4 weeks from the deadline Assessment Brief Unit Details: Unit Code: Organisations and Behaviour (Unit 3) Programme Name: BTEC Higher National Diploma (HND) in Business Awarding body: Edexcel Unit Level (QCF): QCF-4 Academic term: May - July 2013 Course Details | Course Name | BTEC Higher National Diploma (HND) in Business | Unit number | 3 | Unit Name | Organisations and Behaviour | Credit Value | 15 | Lecturer | Antonios/Hillary/Ousman/Raazia/Sunday/Victor | Hand Out/Issue Date | w/c 20.05.2013 | Submission Deadline | 29 July 2013 | Introduction Students are expected to write a report covering the points listed under each of the learning outcomes. To achieve a pass in this unit, you must successfully address all of the assessment criteria listed (P1-P12). We expect all students to achieve their potentials and would encourage you to address all pass criteria, merit and distinction descriptors. For certain tasks students are encouraged to use real life examples and/or the scenario provided below. There is not set format for this report. However, like all business report you should have an introduction and a conclusion. Scenarios A Coca-Cola Great Britain People often assume that The Coca-Cola Company bottles and distributes its own beverages. For the most part, it does not. The Company's primary business consists of manufacturing...
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...Assessment Brief Distribution date: w/c 20/05/2013 Submission deadline: 29/07/2013 Result and feedback date: 4 weeks from the deadline Assessment Brief Unit Details: Unit Code: Organisations and Behaviour (Unit 3) Programme Name: BTEC Higher National Diploma (HND) in Business Awarding body: Edexcel Unit Level (QCF): QCF-4 Academic term: May - July 2013 Course Details | Course Name | BTEC Higher National Diploma (HND) in Business | Unit number | 3 | Unit Name | Organisations and Behaviour | Credit Value | 15 | Lecturer | Antonios/Hillary/Ousman/Raazia/Sunday/Victor | Hand Out/Issue Date | w/c 20.05.2013 | Submission Deadline | 29 July 2013 | Introduction Students are expected to write a report covering the points listed under each of the learning outcomes. To achieve a pass in this unit, you must successfully address all of the assessment criteria listed (P1-P12). We expect all students to achieve their potentials and would encourage you to address all pass criteria, merit and distinction descriptors. For certain tasks students are encouraged to use real life examples and/or the scenario provided below. There is not set format for this report. However, like all business report you should have an introduction and a conclusion. Scenarios A Coca-Cola Great Britain People often assume that The Coca-Cola Company bottles and distributes its own beverages. For the most part, it does not. The Company's primary...
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...Ethics and ethical theories: a road map for teaching ethics in business schools Joan Fontrodona (IESE Business School, Spain), Manuel Guillén (University of Valencia, Spain), and Alfredo Rodríguez-Sedano (University of Navarre, Spain) Introduction A three-dimensional framework to explain ethical theories Ethical approaches of business firms Teaching ethics experiences using this framework Discussion of the teaching experiences Conclusions References 1 2 6 9 10 12 13 Introduction This paper tries to contribute, in some way, to the urgent need recently warned by Benedict XVI: “the university, for its part, must never lose sight of its particular calling to be a "universitas" in which the various disciplines, each in its own way, are seen as part of a greater unum. How urgent is the need to rediscover the unity of knowledge and to counter the tendency to fragmentation and lack of communicability that is all too often the case in our schools!”1 This seems to be a challenge for both, Catholic and non-Catholic universities. The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical framework that helps to conceptualize ethics and to clarify the characteristics and limits of the different ethical theories. In other words, students without philosophical background will find here a synthetic “road map” of ethical approaches. This framework has been previously published in a book in Spain2. In this paper, authors will describe the model and discuss how it has been successfully tested...
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...Business Essay Example - People Management Note: The essay examples we publish on UK Essays have been submitted to us by students. The essays are the student's work and are not examples of our expert essay writers' work. We never publish the work produced by our expert writers as their work is unique to the customer that ordered it. Thank you to all the students that have submitted essays to us. Please use the essay below to inspire and help you with your own studies, but please ensure you reference the essay if you quote it in your own work. As a prospective employee of an organisation, evaluate the usefulness of the knowledge of managing people and organisations in helping you to do your work better. Information for many businesses means both increased profits and increased efficiency within the operations of a company. In this respect then it is reasonable to conclude that information and knowledge related to managing people and organisations would be one of the more critical aspects of this informational system. However while information and knowledge may be of good, and in itself, they are the processes through which we apply this knowledge which often has a vital bearing on the effectiveness of such knowledge. This problem then may be seen as a fundamental one in the continuing success of an organisation in terms of it goals and strategic objectives. Understanding Organisations and People All organisations exist within an environment which displays...
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...NUMBER: PG/SMS/014/14495 COURSE CODE: BUS 838 COURSE TITLE: MANAGEMENT THEORY. TOPIC: LEADERSHIP DATE: AUGUST, 2015 An Assignment Submitted To Prof. J.O. Adetayo OUTLINE: A. Introduction B. The Concept of Leadership C. Conclusion D. References INTRODUCTION There is nothing elusive about leadership. Although great leaders may be rare as great runners great partners or great actors, everyone has leadership potential just as everyone has some ability at running painting and acting. (The management bible leadership is about knowing what the next step is (John Adair). Ref: Neil Flamaga & Jaruis Finger (2004): The management bible cape town Zebra Press. Leadership is not an exclusive club for those who are born with it. Employees generally follows their leaders. They are therefore much likely to comply with laws and guidelines when leaders show high commitment to compliance. Leaders must set a good example and clearly communicate their expectations. Compliance with regulations much more likely when leaders develop and carry out programs that emphasize the goals of regulation such as diversity and safety. Various programme should be carefully developed and communicated to increase employees knowledge and motivation (Stewart & Brown, 2009). The Black ants filled out aimlessly without a leader. (French Proverb) a lot leadership has a lot to should in the direction of the human efforts towards organisational goal achievement. Successful implementation...
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...ASSIGNMENT BRIEF- OB (UNIT 3) Course Title | Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Business (QCF) | Student Name: | Unit Title | * Organisations and Behaviour | College ID NO: | Unit Number | 3 | | Unit Credit Value | 15 | Pearson Reg. No: | Unit Level | 4 | | Unit Code | H/601/0551 | E-mail: | Pearson Centre No | | | Assessor/s:IQA: | | Learner Signature: | Learning Outcomes | To pass this unit, the student must achieve all the major learning outcomes as follows:1 Understand the relationship between organisational structure and culture2 Understand different approaches to management and leadership3 Understand ways of using motivational theories in organisations4 Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organisations. | Issue Date | | Final Submission Deadline: | Submission Date: | Signature of Assessor | | Signature ofInternal Verifier | | UNIT AIM The aim of this unit is to give learners an understanding of individual and group behaviour in organisations and to examine current theories and their application in managing behaviour in the workplace. UNIT INTRODUCTION This unit focuses on the behaviour of individuals and groups within organisations. It explores the links between the structure and culture of organisations and how these interact and influence the behaviour of the workforce. The structure of a large multi-national company with thousands of employees worldwide will be very different from a small local business...
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...Essay in Political Economy of Work Do Taylor’s ideas on scientific management have any application in the contemporary workplace? Discuss with reference to evidence and alternative insights. Why for example do so many banks, health providers, and other companies ask you to key in your account number “for faster service,” when you will be asked to repeat it twice more to the people who are serving you? That is a symptom of Taylorism run rampant, a misplaced faith in technology unjustified by human experience. (Weisbord 2011: 12) The nature of work and its organization has interested managers, economists and social scientists for as long as people have been employed by others to engage in productive activity. Indeed, managers have largely been interested in maximizing output from available resources. Economists and social scientists have raised questions about the organization of work in relation to issues of the individual and society in general. Historically, the emphasis was on finding the best way in which to manage the human resource through scientific and mechanical means. Frederick Taylor (“Taylorism”) and Henry Ford (“Fordism”) were both looking to make labour more efficient by fitting workers to jobs. To counteract the some of the worst features of Taylorism, the job redesign and human relations movements stressed the importance of an understanding of employees’ social, rather than simply economic, needs. ...
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...Compare And Contrast Different Organisational Structures Commerce Essay Organisation can be identified through their responsibilities, authorities and relationships in the market. There are ways to organise companies to get effectiveness in market. The structures of organisation play important role in development of company. These structures are based on cultural identity of organisation the way its structures behave. (Botha, 2008)These structures are to keep work flow and bring profits and the way they work they create culture. The degree of influence within organisation and the systematic approach to organise the activities forms culture. There are following types of structures in companies depending on their composition. Bureaucratic and Administrative structure Functional Structure Divisional structure Structure Matrix These structures form a way of functioning and behaviour of the company. These can be divided into following groups based on company culture. Circle organization Team Network Virtual This depends on the facilities, policies and aims of the organisation how they use structure and culture in their favour. (Brooks, 2010) Companies in past remain under bureaucratic structure but with passage of time and learning now they have adopted a liberal form of structure which created liberal and devolvement culture with in origination where team work is more important that control from top to bottom. Explain how relationship between an organisation's structure...
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...people to those they vote to govern them. While a legislature passes a law and an executive signs it, the law does not implement itself. That is the task the legislature delegates to the administrator, and it is this chain of authority, flowing from the people through elected institutions to the public administrator, that makes public administration distinctively public. Faithful execution of these laws is the highest calling of public administrators and the core of administrative accountability. The Nature of Knowledge in Public Administration Public administration refers to two distinguishable but intimately related activities: (1) a professional practice (profession, occupation, field of activity), and (2) an academic field which seeks to understand, extend, criticize, and improve that professional practice as well as to train individuals for that practice. The simple meaning of the term is quite direct: it refers on the one hand to the administration or management of matters which have mainly to do with the society, polity, and its subparts which are not fundamentally private, familial, commercial, or characteristic, and on the other hand to the well-organized study of such matters. In this simplest meaning, public administration has to do with supervision the realm of governmental and other public activities. This simple description conveys the core of public administration and perhaps covers the vast majority of activities and concerns of modern public administration...
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...IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC HEALTH 1.1 INTRODUCTION: When it comes to the topic of leadership and management, there are questions regarding if there is any difference between leadership and management, many writers and authors have found it useful to distinguish between management and leadership; although there is some overlap, differentiating between these two key terms helps to explain some of the assumptions made and expectations of people working in complex integrated care settings. An appropriate definition can help differentiate between these key terms; management can be defined as working with and through individuals and groups and other sources to accomplish organisational goals (Hersey and Blanchard, 1988) while leadership is an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purpose (Rost and Barker, 2000); to further clarify the polemics about the difference between the terms, a look into another definition; according to Drucker (1999), management is a social discipline that deals with the behaviour of people and human institutions, while according to Jones and Jenkins (2006), leadership is a set of initiatives and responses between the people for the purpose of achieving mutual objectives intended to result in collective effectiveness and personal enrichment over time. From both definitions, it is obvious there is robust difference between both terms, although it has being deduced...
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