...Human Physiology (HP1) Practical Report Experiment on Salivary Secretion and Taste Khoo Wei Cheng Kevin BBSD1 1013A 5/5/2011 Introduction Saliva secreted by the salivary glands in our mouth serves to lubricate the mouth to facilitate speech as well as to moisten food and aids in compacting it into a bolus for digestion. It is an important component in the maintenance of our dental hygiene as it cleanses the mouth. It contains enzymes that can chemically break down starchy food. Saliva also dissolves food chemicals so that they can be tasted and render gustatory satisfaction to the diner. It is secreted by 3 pairs of salivary glands: the parotids, submandibulars and sublinguals. Salivation from these glands is controlled primarily by the parasympathetic nervous system. When food is ingested, salivary nuclei in the brain stem (pons and medulla) receive signals sent from chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the mouth. As a result, facial (VII) and cranial (IX) nerves are innervated and trigger secretion of saliva. Rate of secretion and the composition of saliva depend on type of stimulus used. Taste plays a vital sense that is important from an evolutionary perspective. There are basically four types of taste sensations: sweet, salty, sour and bitter. Sweet taste is produced by organic substances such as sugars, saccharin and some amino acids. Sour taste is elicited by acids whereas salty taste is produced by metal ions (inorganic salts). The bitter taste is elicited...
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...HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY CONTENT Page Number 1.0 Introduction – Integumentary System 3 2.1 The Importance and Mechanism of Integumentary System 4 2.2 Impacts of dysfunction 5-6 2.0 Introduction – Anatomy Of Skin 7 2.1 Epidermis 7 2.1.1 Layer of The Epidermis 8 2.1.2 Specialized Epidermal Cells 9 2.2 Dermis 9 2.2.1 Layer of The Dermis 10 2.2.2 Specialized Dermal Cells 10 2.3 Subcutaneous Tissues 10 3.0 Tattoo 11 3.1 Types of Tattoo 11 3.2 The Procedure of Tattooing 12 3.3 The Risk Involved in Getting Tattooed. 13 3.4 Tattoo Removal 14 4.0 Conclusion 14 - 15 5.0 References 15 1. INTRODUCTION – Integumentary System The Integumentary system consists of the skin and its associated structures such as hair, nails,nerve endings and the sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands (Lindh, Pooler, Tamparo and Dahl, 2010,p.790). It is the largest of the body’s anatomy system and count for 12 to 15 percent of body weight covering 1.5-2m2 of surface...
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...Sec No. Room No. Teacher's Name 1 Introductory Biochemistry Introduction to Biotechnology Molecular Biotechnology A A A 9 35 4 Sci Y Sci Y Sci Y 3 3 Microbiology Electricity and Magnetism A A 56 31 NB-15 NB-8 Data Analysis & Report Writing A Data Analysis & Report Writing B Data Analysis & Report Writing C 33 NB-14 Farah Arif Munaza Bajwa Itrat Batool Naqvi 21-Oct-13 1 5 41 Main Lab NB-7 1 1 English-I English-I N K 25 44 SCI Y SCI Z Sadia Ghaznavi Nasreen Pashsa 3 Mathematics A 28 NB-36 Nighat Altaf 5 Molecular Physiology A 16 SCI 9 SCI 6 SCI 8 SCI 12 SCI 12 Tooba Mohtsham Asifa Kayani Saleha Mehboob Ayesha Aftab Gaitee Joshua 22-Oct-13 Basic Concepts of Environmental Sciences 24 5 A Data Handling and Atomic Spectroscopy 5 A 5 5 Electrical Instrumentation Human and Animal Behavior A A 9 9 12 7 Advanced Topics in Molecular BiologyA 7 7 Medical Biotechnology Plant Ecology A A 19 33 3 SCI 6 SCI R SCI 6 SCI 7 SCI 7 SCI 8 SCI8 Dr.Hooria Younas Dr. Amber Shehzadi Asifa Kayani Ayesha Roohi Saleha Mehboob Saima Mubeen Dr. Saleema Bashir 3 3 Cell Biology Molecular Biology A A 22 37 SCI 12 NB 15 Amna Younus Dr. Amber Shehzadi 1 Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry A 1 Basic Concept of Organic ChemistryA 1 Calculus I A 21 35 27 NB-9 SCI 12 NB-9 Rahila Tariq Ayesha Roohi Shumaila Waheed 23-Oct-13 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions & Chemical Energetics...
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...intracellular organelle have membranes as part of their structure? How would the breakdown of the membranes of these structures affect the function of Joseph’s heart? All intracellular organelles have membranes, (www.Nature.com/scitable/topicpage/cell-membranes-14052567). Cytosol consist of ATP that transfers nutrients to the cardiac muscle and throughout the body (Anatomy and Physiology third edition, pg. 76). Without ATP being carried to the cardiac heart muscle through the cytosol it cannot receive proteins and nutrients. The function of the heart if affected and the cell membranes are damaged and can die. D. Two important pieces of information- the instructions Joseph’s body needs to repair itself and his predisposition for vascular disease- are both contained within the cells on which structures? Joseph has a family history for cardiovascular disease. The predisposition is within the power house of the cell called mitochondrial DNA (Anatomy and Physiology third edition pg. 85). In order to repair the damaged cells within Joseph’s body the synthesis from mRNA proteins are needed (Anatomy and Physiology third edition pg. 90). E. Joseph’s heart attack has caused the function of his cells to change. What types of proteins in the cell membrane were involved in the homeostatic imbalance of his heart cells? APT that is contained in the...
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...The physiology of the human body works like a single, intricate machine with one part affecting the whole. In like manner, every single condition that the human body experience has an effect to another system and its function. This idea can be further explained by studying the conditional effect of some of the cardio-pulmonary system with the nervous system, the kidney and the adrenal glands and vice versa. One of the best examples of this idea is the heart rate. It is an obvious fact that the heart rate of the person can be influence by certain emotional factor determined by the nervous system. Feeling of fear is known to drastically increase the heart rate of an individual thus emphasizing the direct correlation between the two. Also, the adrenal glands and their secreted hormones can also influence the heart rate of an individual such as the effects of adrenaline to the heart rate and others. In like manner, the peripheral resistance, venous return, stroke volume, blood viscosity, cardiac output and end systolic and diastolic volumes are also affected by the conditions of the nervous system and the adrenal glands. During moments where there are intense emotions and need for survival arises, the nervous system drastically increase most of the cardio-pulmonary condition such as the ones mentioned to increase oxygen intake and body reaction to cope up with the situation. In like manner, the hormones of the adrenal glands also drastically hasten up the functions of the said...
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...Accelerated Prerequisite Course Equivalences Prerequisite (Quarter Credits) |UC Main Campus |Cincinnati State |On Line options |Miami University – Oxford |UC Raymond Walters |UC Clermont |Sinclair College |Columbus State Community College | | Anatomy & Physiology I, II, & III 12 credits | 15 BIOL 201 15 BIOL 202 15 BIOL 203 | BIO 4014 BIO 4015 BIO 4016 |University of Phoenix NSCI 280 and 281 Anatomy & Physiology I and II Marian University (Indianapolis) BIO 225 and 226 Anatomy and Physiology | ZOO 171 ZOO 172 | 28 BIOL 201 28 BIOL 202 28 BIOL 203 | 34 BIOL 201 34 BIOL 202 34 BIOL 203 | BIO 141 BIO 142 BIO 143 | BIO 261 BIO 262 (On-line section available with weekly on-campus lab) | | Child Psychology 3 credits | 18 EDST 301, 15PSYC205, 15 PSYC 617 | PSY 1508 (On-line section available) |University of Iowa College of Nursing 3 Sem. Hrs # 096 : 030 | PSY 231 | 28 PSYC 205 | 34 PSYC 205 |PSY 205 or PSY 208 (On-line section available) | | |Microbiology or Elementary Bacteriology 3 credit | 15 BIOL 271 | BIO 4009 (On-line course section with on-campus lab) |University of Iowa College of Medicine 3 Sem. Hrs 061 : 190 Marian University (Indianapolis) BIO 214 | MBI 161 | 28 BIOL 281 | 34 BIOL 281 | BIO 205 |BIO 215 (On-line section available with weekly on-campus lab) | | Pathophysiology 4 credits | 29 NURS 270 | BIO 4020 (On-line section available) |University of Iowa College of Nursing 3 Sem. Hrs...
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...EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON POULTRY PRODUCTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION Poultry are birds such as the domestic fowl, Turkey, Duck, Goose, Ostrich e. t. c which are of economic importance to man. Their production is one of the livestock production with significant contribution to human food (Demeke, 2004). It is the primary supplier of eggs and meat as a source of income and employment to people compared to other domestic animals (Avila, 1985). They are raised with relatively low capital investment and readily available household labour. For instance poultry egg contains 74% water, it is a good source of high protein and it is often used by nutritionist as a standard reference for evaluating other protein foods. Studies have shown that the level of performance of poultry does not depends on inherited capacity, but also to a great extent upon the environment (Campbell and Lasley, 1975). The environmental conditions affecting the performance, relative humidity, light, sunshine prevailing at a given time, housing system and ventilation. High temperature and humidity have some negative effects on poultry such as an increase on poultry body temperature: a decrease on feed consumption ( Cowan and Michie, 1978; Howlider and Rose, 1987) and feed efficiency. High temperature also results to a reduction in poultry live weight ( Mowbray and Sykes, 1971), growth speed and high mortality (Arjona et al., 1988) in addition to a decrease on productivity and quality of the eggs (Ozbey and Ozoelk, 2004)...
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...Name: Zamzamie M. abdulmalik Subject & Section: Biology 1/Vv2 “Physiology of Love” Loving, an assistant professor in the School of Human Ecology, studies a number of aspects of romantic relationships. He’s been particularly interested, of late, in the short-term physiological effects of being in the presence of–or even just thinking about–a romantic partner. “In a context like a Valentine’s Day dinner,” says Loving, “there’s a lot of stuff going on.” To start, he says, simply being in the presence of someone whom we find attractive can trigger the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that’s connected to the brain’s pleasure system (and that seems to be involved, for instance, in why people get pleasure from using cocaine and amphetamines). Valentine’s Day, says Loving, can be understood as a way to reinforce this basic pleasure with a bevy of other pleasure-inducing activities. “It’s the first rule of interpersonal attraction: we’re attracted to people whose presence is rewarding to us,” he says. “Flowers are pretty. People like to get flowers. We like people who give us flowers. Nice music is relaxing, and we like to be with people who make us feel comfortable and safe. Whether it’s because there’s an actual biological response that makes us feel good–and there’s evidence, for instance, that chocolate has such an effect–or just because we’ve learned culturally that it’s good, it still contributes to the overall mood.” The dynamic between the biological and the...
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...Research Strategy Paper on the Lack of Self-Confidence GEN/200 Research Strategy Paper on the Lack of Self-Confidence Johnson Pope, an English poet, said, “Self-confidence is the first requisite to great undertakings.” However, I definitely do not have that quality. Self-confidence describes a person who has faith on themselves. A problem that affects me every day is my lack of self-confidence. My self-confidence affects me in my decision making, career, and social skills. It also affects me when I am passing up opportunities that can be rewarding. An example how my self-confidence affects me is when I will not stand a chance competing against another person. I do not do well in a challenge. I give in easily. I doubt about myself and my abilities to do any task. The fear of rejection and failure hunts me every day. My lack of self-confidence overly preoccupies me with what others think. What I need to do is build confidence and take charge of my life to overcome my problem. One of the methods I can use to work on my self-confidence is looking for a support group. They are a lot of internet support groups or blogs about self-confidence that I can rely for support. I feel that if I can share my feelings without face-to-face time, I can open up more to my feelings and assist me better. Another place that I can use to gather information is to see a Psychologist. Psychologists are trained individuals and with a tremendous amount of experience that can be use in assist...
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...neural and hormonal reactions. WEAKNESSES 1. It’s reductionist, which leads to the following criticisms: (a) If someone comes to you with depression is it any use to them to tell them that their serotonin receptors are not functioning properly? (b) Mind/body problem 1: psychology has great influence on physiology (stress and illness) (c) Mind/body problem 2: sensation is not necessarily the same as perception (d) Consciousness: what is it, where is it and is it any use finding it? (e) What about free will? Biological approach advocates determinism 2. Evolutionary approach has a number of problems: (a) Altruism: difficult to explain. Even sociobiologists come up with some very convoluted explanations. (b) Our developing cortex means that we rely less on instincts and more on “higher” processes. (c) Our behaviour is very much socially and culturally determined. 3. Genes: Difficult to separate genes and environmental influences on behaviour. 2. If we know the physiological basis of some aspects of behaviour (e.g. depression) then we can treat the problem using drugs, which could solve the problem entirely if it’s simply a straightforward chemical imbalance. Plus, some aspects of physiology and anatomy are very useful when it comes to diagnosing brain damage etc. 3. Evolutionary theory can offer some neat explanations of behaviour that would otherwise be inexplicable (e.g. graffiti, appendix). 4. The more we know about the brain, the more we should be able to explain how we tick: it is...
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...References Beckerman, J. (Ed.). (2014, September 20). Heart disease and congestive heart failure. Retrieved from WebMD website: http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide-heart-failure This website does a great job of identifying the signs and symptoms of CHF. I think it also does a great job of informing the reader what tests will and should be done if your doctor feels you are at risk or my have the disease. It clearly states the different types of the disease as well as treatments for CHF. I think WebMD is a great source for information because, it breaks down the specific disease and explains it in everyday terms. I think that is important for people to really understand what they are dealing with. I think this Webpage would be extremely helpful to anyone just diagnosed or who has been living with the disease of CHF. Huntington, M., Guzman, A., Roemen, A., Fieldsend, J., & Soloum, H. (2013). Hospital-to-Home: A hospital readmission reduction program for congestive heart failure.. South Dakota Medicine: The Journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association, 66(9), 370-373. This article shows how important, cost wise most importantly, it is to make sure patients with CHF are not readmitted so soon after they are released from their previous hospital stay for the disease. It shows how important it is to stay informed and not to go back to your old habits after your release from a hospital stay. I think the fact that they used follow up home visits after a patients release...
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...Isabelle Elisa Perez Professor A. Custer Human Biology 1050 4 November, 2013 Hypothermia -"the Bad" In Cleveland, Ohio we experience low temperature throughout the Winter. Temperatures and wind chills that are sometimes below average or zero. With these chilling temperatures people are at exposure of undergoing hypothermia. The normal internal body temperature is approximately 98.6 degrees fahrenheit. When undergoing hypothermia, the internal body temperature has decreased below 95 degrees fahrenheit or 35 degrees celsius. When the body undergoes hypothermia the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and endocrine system are affected. As environmental temperatures decrease there is a reduction in heat conservation and production. To increase the amount of heat conservation and production the hypothalamus send signals to motor neurons. As a physiological response the body begins to shiver and blood vessels constrict. The heart and liver usually generates most of the body's heat production but as internal body temperatures decrease as will its heat production. To increase the amount of heat conservation and production, and avoid neurological damage the heart and liver will shut down. As a response brain activity, breathing, and heart rates will decrease. Immediately afterwards physiological and neurobehavioral affects such as confusion and fatigue may set in. Other than environmental factors, biological attributes, and medical conditions can cause hypothermia...
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...Below is a free essay on "Explain the Concept of Homeostasis" from Anti Essays, your source for free research papers, essays, and term paper examples. Anatomy and physiology Describe the concept of homeostasis and the mechanisms that regulate the heart rate, breathing rate, body temperature. Explain the responses to changes in the body during exercise and explain the importance of homeostasis in maintaining the healthy function of the body. In order for the body to work efficiently it must maintain a constant internal environment. P5: Explain the concept of homeostasis Describe your understanding of homeostasis and the homeostatic mechanisms that regulate * Heart rate * Breathing rate * Body temperature M2: Discuss the probable homeostatic responses to changes in the internal environment during exercise. Even if you do not take regular exercise you will be aware of changes that occur in your body if you do anything strenuous. Even just running for the bus might make you gasp for breath, your heart to race and your body start to sweat. Discuss what is happening in the body when these changes take place. D2: Evaluate the importance of homeostasis in maintaining the healthy functioning of the body. Having said that the body must maintain a constant internal environment in order to function in a healthy manner, now give details why homeostasis is so important for the body. What would happen in your body if these mechanisms didn’t take...
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...MODULE 1 By Alina Corina Nicorescu Presented to Name of your University Contents Introduction 3 The constancy of the Internal Environment 4 Biological functionality is multilevel 5 Bibliography 7 Introduction Claude Bernard was a French Physiologist who was best known for his works and discoveries during his lifetime in the field of digestive processes, the liver and the regulation of the supply of the blood though the vasomotor nerves. The most renowned and important discovery of Bernard was related to use of the secretions of the pancreatic tissues to break down the molecules of fat into smaller particles so as to aid the digestion process and the other specific discovery was that the principle process of digestion does not take place in the stomach rather it takes place in the small intestine. His next discovery unveiled the ability of the liver to split the reserves of the glycogen energy into sugar particles so as to use them as a quick source of energy for the body and to maintain the levels of the sugar in the body. Finally, Bernard discovered the control of the vasomotor nerves on the blood vessels, and how it responds to the changes in the temperatures while operating in an environment. With this the Bernard was able to advance his work on blood vessels and tried to understand the ability of the body to constantly maintain the internal temperature. This led him to formulate the ideas in relation to the constancy of the internal environment of the...
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...WATERSPOUT PHENOMINIA OF THE GREAT LAKES ____________________________________________________________________________ The Great Lakes waterspout outbreak of 2003 In September of 2003, The Great Lakes experienced a waterspout phenomenon that lasted for seven days. This is the longest waterspout phenomenon recorded in history. During this time eighty-two waterspout sightings were recorded. Each Great Lake had at least one sighting with others having multiple. How did it happen? There was large change in the air pattern where a mass of cold air from the Artic North moved down over the Great Lakes. The summer of 2003 had higher than normal temperatures resulting in The Great Lakes having warmer temperatures. Was the event predicted? The event...
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