...THE EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS Public relations may seem like a very modern profession, but people having actually been strategically placing stories in the media for years. As far back as the late 1800s, famous historical figures and occurrences were promoted through smaller scale weekly newspapers. Let’s take a quick trip back in time and follow the evolution of Public Relations: The Early Years One of the earliest cases of disaster management through PR was in the 1890s when 80 baseball players left the National League. As you can imagine, fans and owners were in an uproar. With the help of a little media outreach, the National League was able to help straighten out management-labor disputes and secure the relationships amongst the players, fans and owners. While this may not be the most modern form of Public Relations (and was certainly not called “Public Relations” at the time), it’s important to be able to relate what happened here to the basics of our job: using interpersonal communication, literature, public events and art to persuade other individuals to believe in our client’s services and/or programs. The First Publicist Historical figures such as Henry Ford and Theodore Roosevelt have been attributed with being the first to utilize the basic PR concepts: “positioning” and “ready accessibility.” In other words, these men were able to position themselves as thought leaders who were easily accessible to the press. But it wasn’t until 1906 that a man came along...
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...Public Relations Name: Institution: 1. Mix of media used to implement public relations campaign There are three main mixes of media that were used in the implementation of the public relations campaign. One of these is the use of television. Today, almost all homes in the country own a television set. It is therefore a very effective method of implementing a public relations campaign. The public relations campaign on television needed especially to be done during prime time (Zhang, 2013, p. 1323). During this period, there are numerous people who are watching television. It is therefore very easy for the organization to reach numerous people. This also helped to show the seriousness that the foundation was putting on the issue at hand. The second media mix that the foundation considered using is the use of print media. The organization needed to examine the most popular print media in the nation. It then put the respective public relations campaign in a bid to convey the issue at hand. In using the print media, there are several objectives that the organization hoped to achieve. First, bearing in mind that one is in possession of a newspaper for a period of time, he will be able to examine the news release in details and gain an understanding on all the matters at hand. In addition, this media gives the recipient a chance to issue a comprehensive reply (Kahle, 2001, p. 34). The final media mix is the social media. In the recent past, the social media has gained...
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...Discuss the concepts of 'ideology' and 'discourse' in relation to the ways in which representation functions in media texts. You might like to do this in the context of representations of gender, sexuality, 'race', ethnicity, war, refugees or celebrity, for example. Your essay should include your own analysis of a media text that has not been discussed in detail in the lectures, required or additional readings, or in your other assessments. Representation is both the process and the product of media texts, in terms of sexuality in media these representations are shaped by ideologies; the way people think and interpret the word. In turn, different ideologies promote discourse and the discussion of ideas in relation to sexuality. In relation to specific media texts such as True Blood, there are several ideologies in the program, social, political and cultural which show a non-heteronormative view on sexuality. Ideologies are ways of thinking and how we interpret the world around us. It’s through ideology that representation in media text functions to reinforce the view of that particular school of thought. Representation can be through stereotype, strengthening sometimes negative views or typecasting those who are represented. Looking especially True Blood, vampires are being “re-presented” as the gay community which have to struggle and fight for equal rights(Dhaenens, 2013). The concept of Ideology, a way of thinking which impacts how you view and world and interact with people...
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...The Media and Its Responsibilities Student Name: Institution of affiliation: The Media and Its Responsibilities Introduction Ethics is defined as the study of standards of conduct, moral philosophy or moral judgment. It deals with moral values of human behavior as well as the principles and rules that are applied to govern the behavior. Philosophers, worldwide, have developed various theories meant to explain further the concept of philosophy (Thompson, 1985). These theories include: Utilitarianism, deontology and virtue. They have also come up with other theories that explain the behavior of individuals such as emotivism, relativism, and ethical egoism. In this paper, I will put consideration on one of the above theories in relation to the media and its responsibilities; furthermore I will contrast my response of how to resolve ethical issues with perspective brought by ethical egoism with credible and well argued support of view that is closer to mine. Media is a diversified form of communication intended to reach a large number of the audience through the application of media technologies. There are various technologies available through which the communication is made possible, they include: radio in broadcast media; television and films which transmit information electronically; recorded music; use of newspapers, pamphlets, books and comics to convey information in print media (Thompson, 1985). Other type of media communication include...
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...The impact of Social Media Addiction on an Individual’s Social Life & Mental Health and the factors that causes Social Media Addiction Anku Sherpa ACADEMIC YEAR 2014 Data Driven Decision Making Stamford International University ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to understand the factors that causes Social media addiction and the impacts of Social media addiction on the social life and mental health of its users. The research will be conducted amongst users of Social media in Thailand and will highlight whether Socio Demographic factors such as age, gender, level of education and marital status influence Social media addiction. The respondents for the study will be chosen through non probability – convenience sampling and the research will focus on only quantitative approach. Lastly, the research study will also attempt to illustrate whether there is a relationship between Social media addiction and Human interaction and Mental health. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Thesis would not have been completed with the continual support of our facilitator Dr. Apitep Saekow and we would like to thank him for his continued support and guidance throughout the writing of this research study. Our sincere gratitude also towards the Stamford International University for providing us with an opportunity to conduct this research and providing us with the necessary resources through the Stamford Library. Our Special thanks also goes out to all our friends who helped us...
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...development of social media becomes more frequent in various parts of the world. It makes the field of public relations experience changes both in the field of theory and practice. The changes are not directly caused by the presence of social media, but social media offers many opportunities for public relations practitioners to interact with the public through the adaptation of technology and integrate it into their daily activities (Curtis, 2010) Social media is defined as the democratization of content and a shift in the role that made humans in the process of reading and disseminating information. Social media covers a variety of things that use internet to facilitate conversation (Solis, 2009). Social media is considered as the creation of the foundation that connects people, provide opportunities to produce and share content with others, extract and process the knowledge to the society and share it again. Some popular social media are Faceboook, Myspace, Twitter, LinkedIn, Flickr, and Foursquare, YouTube and Others (Lewis, 2010). Social media has a significant difference compared to the traditional media such as television, radio, and newspapers. If the media rely on drama for the festive audience, organizations tend to adopt strategies to reduce potential public relations became the focus of drama and more using persuasive communication as a way to better control the public debate on the issue of sustainability. Further, Allan (BBB)also stated that social media requires no issues...
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...The mass media are diversified media technologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication. The technology through which this communication takes place varies. Broadcast media such as radio, recorded music, film and television transmit their information electronically. Print media use a physical object such as a newspaper, book, pamphlet or comics,[1] to distribute their information. Outdoor media is a form of mass media that comprises billboards, signs or placards placed inside and outside of commercial buildings, sports stadiums, shops and buses. Other outdoor media include flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes), blimps, and skywriting.[2] Public speaking and event organising can also be considered as forms of mass media.[3] The digital media comprises both Internet and mobile mass communication. Internet media provides many mass media services, such as email, websites, blogs, and internet based radio and television. 1. Print from the late 15th century 2. Recordings from the late 19th century 3. Cinema from about 1900 4. Radio from about 1910 5. Television from about 1950 6. Internet from about 1990 7. Mobile phones from about 2000 Broadcast The sequencing of content in a broadcast is called a schedule. With all technological endeavours a number of technical terms and slang are developed please see the list of broadcasting terms for a glossary of terms used. Film 'Film' encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well...
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...Contents INTRODUCTION 2 DEFINITION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS 3 WHY IS PUBLIC RELATIONS IMPORTANT 5 HOW DOES PUBLIC RELATIONS WORKS 7 IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN AN ORGANISATION 8 CONCLUSION 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 11 INTRODUCTION Public relations is the way organisations, companies and individuals communicate with the public and media. A public relations specialist communicates with the target audience directly or indirectly through media with an aim to create and maintain a positive image and create a strong relationship with the audience. Examples include press releases, newsletters, public appearances and other public relations tools. An organisation is a social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals. All organisations have a management structure that determines relationships between the different activities and the members, and subdivides and assigns roles, responsibilities, and authority to carry out different tasks. Organisations are open systems that is they affect and are affected by their environment and public relations is important for the functioning of an organisation. The world of business is characterised by severe competition and in order to win new customers and retain the existing ones, the organisations have to distinguish themselves from the competition. But they also need to create and maintain a positive public image. A public relations specialist or firm helps them both create and maintain...
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...Global Warming Outline I. Introduction II. Background on Global Warming A. Temperature 1. Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change B. Contributing factors 1. Green house gases -Environmental Protection Agency 2. Particulates 3. Human activity C. Effects 1. Natural Environment 2. Ecosystems 3. Social/Human systems III. Opposing Viewpoints A. Natural factors 1. Climate change 2. Deforestation 3. Natural Disasters B. Impacts 1. Human activity 2. Beneficial effect C. Media IV. Conclusion V. References Global Warming Global Warming is a universal concern that has gained worldwide attention. As members of Congress, we have heard and learned new and different facts about the process of Earth. Some causes and effects of global warming are easy to understand, with substantial evidence, yet there are still unanswered questions and reasoning as to why global warming is occurring. This essay is to outline the background of global warming and to display opposing viewpoints. Since there is not enough evidential research to connect global warming with natural factors, human activity, and its impacts, we might take advantage of its beneficial gain to our environment, economic, and social system. The facts and fictions of global warming will convince members of Congress that there are opposing viewpoints to global warming and its effects. According to the Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change, global warming is the increase of Earth’s average temperature. “The Intergovernmental...
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...Laurie Gannon, Public Relations Director of Taco Bell Corporation Copy: Taco Bell Corporation Senior Executives and Legal Dept. From: Dean Hegwood, V.P. Risk Management Subject: Unfavorable Media Exposure within 48 hours Taco Bell Corporation’s Director of Public Relations has in the last few hours received a phone call from the company’s Government Relations Team. The Government Relations Team has learned that a special interest group known as “Friends of the Earth” will be releasing information on Monday September 18, 2000 to the Washington Post. This press release will be implicating the Taco Bell labeled taco shells which are manufactured, distributed, and sold by Kraft Foods, Inc. as containing a genetically modified corn ingredient unapproved for human consumption. The substance is known as StarLink and is a product of Aventis. Background * On August 1, 1996, Taco Bell and Kraft Foods, Inc. entered into a licensing agreement for Kraft Foods to manufacture, distribute, and sell Taco Bell branded taco shells in the retail grocery market. * In August 1998, the EPA granted Aventis registration of protein “Cry9c” known as StarLink as a plant pesticide. * In August 1998, the EPA granted Aventis approval to use StarLink only for commercial use as animal feed. Precautions must be in place to ensure prevention of StarLink from entering the human food supply. * In April 1999, the EPA denied Aventis request to allow StarLink to enter the human food supply due to...
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...PHSE 206: Sociology of sport Essay 2B: Media representation of sport and its connection on societal power. Sean Masters 9066415 DUE: Friday 3rd October, 2014. WORD COUNT: 1508 Society comes in many different forms. Individuals of society attempt to be seen as being more successful, powerful and dominant over others. This is closely followed with how sport is perceived, played and based around. A competitive nature to out think your opponent to attain glory as an individual, as a team or as a country. The popularity of the sporting culture and the impact it has on our lives, gives responsibility for the new sporting era with experiencing and filtering sport through media. Giving another whole diverse range of how we perceive not only sport but athletes and teams competing. Modern era sporting and recreational activities are important in the New Zealand sporting society. As young adolescents grow up building the basic fundamentals associated with sport and continue to do this as they get older. In the active New Zealand survey, key findings released that in 2007/2008 79% of New Zealanders once per week were physically active (NZ, 2008). New Zealand have always had a high abundance in individuals participating in sport, that can contribute to the significant creation of the media- sports complex in New Zealand (Falcous, 2005). For example, back in the 1970’S technology in media sport was just beginning but already a crucial component in broadcasting...
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...MGMT-410 Social Media Losses Damian Walker DeVry University Robin Churray May 17, 2015 Social Media Losses Alexis Hanson v. Hooters of Ontario Mills On May 18 in Ontario Mills, California, a National Labor Relations Board Administrative Law (NLRB) Judge found Alexis Hanson unlawfully fired for complaining about a bikini contest that she believed was rigged. Additionally, the judge ruled that Hooters handbook rules prohibiting behavior, such as insubordination and disrespect to guests, was unruly and prohibited Hooters nondisclosure agreement and an arbitration agreement. Hanson allegedly cursed Pamela Noble, Hooters marketing coordinator, for winning the April 2013 bikini contest and $300 prize money that she believe was fixed, by sarcastically congratulating her online. Subsequently, Hanson received a phone call from Hoot Winc’s vice president of human resources saying she was being fired for “negative social media posts.” NLRB Judge Cates wrote, “The evidence indicates the company knew it could rid itself of Panitch and simply sought to lump Hansons’s discharge in the mix and rid itself of both complaining employees. I find it clear Hanson’s discharge was motivated by her protected concerted activity.” NLRB Judge deemed Hoot Wine LLC and Hooters of Ontario Mills to rehire Alexis Hanson and supplement lost wages due to her dismissal. Ethical Decision-Making The decision ruled for Alexis Hanson was a fair judgement. Hanson’s...
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...Public relations and advertising is often considered the same thing and not many people are aware of the differences. They carry different definitions and have completely different goals and effect. This essay will discuss the various definitions of advertising and public relations, and examine the relationships and differences between them. Different perspectives result in different definitions of public relation and advertising. PRSA (2002) defined public relations as “a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organization’s and their publics”. However, this definition is limited since intercultural or international public relations are not included. Similarly, Cohen’s (2011) definition illustrated public relations as “the art and science of influencing public opinion through communications”. It is the most important aspect of an organization as it frames the organisation’s image, reputation and brand perception. The definition of advertising by Bovee and Arens (1992 p. 7) claims that advertising is communicated through paid persuasive information about the product or services identified by the company using different media. However, Humorist Stephen Leacock had a different perspective and described it as “the science of arresting the human intelligence long enough to get money from it”. Grunig’s models examine the difference between public relation and advertising. He states that advertising is a one way communication, hence...
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...Kate Finch completed a study on the popular HBO series, True Blood. The research was an analysis of the Vampire Rights Amendment through public relations in pop culture and the theme of post feminism. The research is about the view post feminism view of public relations in pop culture using True Blood as a model. It shows the use of promotion, persuasion and public relations to draw in an audience. “Views interpretations are profoundly influenced by the social discourse in which they are interrelated.” (Brunsdon and Spigel,, 2007, pg. 260) It is important cause it gives the audience a deeper view of the feminism culture in popular culture, while allowing people to people it in the form of a television show that they would be able to spot and...
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...rescue organizations and individuals by posting images of their dogs on their webpage for viewers to see, screen adoption applications for other non-profit organizations, educate the public about responsible bully breed ownership, combat dog fighting, and help promote a positive image and understanding of all bully breeds. They are a 100% volunteer organization and rely solely on donations from supporters, adoptions, and money they raise through fundraisers which all go right back to the dogs. In 2014, this organization helped rescue, rehabilitate, and, when they were ready, find forever homes for over 40 bully breed dogs. The non-profit organization “Don’t Bully My Breed” provides pit bull advocates with a code of ethics, and they fully support and help rescuers/owners practice ways of being a good handler of this specific breed by providing guidelines for them. So the question is, how do we make an organization receive a better reputation and more awareness to the public due to the type of breed of dog they 100% support through a public relations campaign? “Don’t Bully My Breed” provides information and background fully supporting the breeds that undergo bad reputations based on the public’s views on these dogs. The organization says “Day in and day out we have people ask us questions about certain breeds of dogs. People are most concerned with American Pit Bull Terriers, Rottweiler’s, German...
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