...Analyzing Goal Setting on Employee Motivation Assignment 5 Business Communication Johns Hopkins University Zhe Xu September 28, 2013 Executive Summary As an intern at Citibank for one month, I found that employees at Citibank do not focus on their work during their work time. In order to correct this low morale at Citibank, I proposed to use goal setting to improve employees’ behaviors. This research explores whether goal setting has a positive effect on employee motivation by borrowing models from predecessors’ research and social cognitive theory. An email-delivered descriptive survey addressed ten questions on how employees feel and whether they are motivated after they are assigned goals. My findings suggest that Citibank employees are highly motivated by goal setting. This study concludes that setting a high level and specific goal for Citibank employees is an effective way to motivate them. My recommendation for Citibank is to set exact goals and deadlines for each employee and develop a system of rewards and penalties. The employees who complete their goals efficiently and perfectly will earn a financial bonus and those who finish the goals after the deadline will receive a deduction of their salaries according to their performance. Background During the period when I was an intern at Citibank, I found that employees there were inefficient in their work. They were not punctual to work. Some came to work late, and some left work early. In addition, employees...
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...Abstract. The purpose of this paper is three-fold. First, it is to highlight corporate scandals that have happened in Malaysia. Second, it is to discuss some major causes of these corporate scandals; and third, it is to recommend the possible actions and preventive measures to curb these scandals. 1. Introduction In the recent years, the public and business community have been surprised with the exposure of many corporate scandals and accounting fraud by the managers of the company. It disappoints many stakeholders as after the financial crisis in 1997, many efforts have been initiated and implemented to strengthen the business control and foundation of the company. One of the important lessons learned from the financial crisis in 1997 is the weaknesses in the governance of the company such as too much power is given to a single person in managing the company, weak internal control and poor work of the directors that leads to the failure of the company. Due to this, a total regulatory and governance were embarked all over the world. Just to name a few, in the US, the Sarbanese Oxley Act was established, while in the UK the Code of Corporate Governance was extensively revised to stop all these corporate diseases from spreading and becoming a cancer for the global business community. However, all this effort has seemed fruitless as after the heavy debate and discussion and huge struggle by the regulator and market administrator, these corporate scandals are still returning...
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...Negotiation I. Introduction Negotiation is a skill used throughout life from infancy to adulthood. But a lot of factors and tactics are involved within it and even though negotiating may be something we do naturally and daily, doing it well can be a competitive advantage. I suggest that this is particularly true in the global economy involving international negotiations that include various cultures and the norms that dictate interpersonal interactions such as negotiation. II. Body a. Importance of negotiation a.1 Definition of negotiation “Negotiation is a decision making process among interdependent parties who do not share identical preferences” (Neale, 1992: page 42). It is an activity in which two or more parties are involved and each one of them have their own personal goals and negotiation is the process in which all of the parties will try to reach an agreement throughout different strategies to maximize their final output. a.2 Negotiation as a day to day issue Negotiation is a process that is present in almost every aspect of our lives. Two parties will try to come up with a strategy that maximizes their output. A key word here is strategy and the way parties make their strategy, using knowledge and information and as the world is more open than ever and the information they can access is increasing, making negotiation a more complex issue. As a globalized world, people have to negotiate not only with the issues in our own country but also interact with people...
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...| Improvement of Corporate Tax Audit: Factor of Increasing Tax Compliance in Malaysia | | Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Tax Compliance, Tax Evasion and Tax Audit…………………………………………………….4 Tax Audit in Malaysia…………………………………………………………………………….6 Organization Structure…………………………………………………………………………….8 Tax Audit Process…………………………………………………………………………………9 Tax Audit: Constraints and Problems……………………………………………………………11 Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………..16 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….18 References……………………………………………………………………………………….19 Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………...20 Executive Summary The Malaysian tax system follows the concept of self-assessment system (SAS). Under the SAS, the government trusts and gives taxpayers full responsibility to calculate, to pay and to report their tax due on their own. The success of SAS not only depends on the good tax administration but also depends on the taxpayer awareness, which is indicated by the taxpayer compliance in fulfilling his obligation. In order to enhance the level of tax compliance, the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM) considers that it can be achieved by law enforcement besides tax consultation and tax service. Law enforcement comprises of tax audit, tax investigation and tax collection. Tax audit becomes important since it can cause a deterrent effect to increase taxpayer compliance. Tax audit plays an important role in determining the...
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...SPEA Honors Thesis Spring 2012 Indiana University Kelli Burton Management May 2012 Faculty Advisor: Cheryl Hughes May 2012 Page | 1 Table of Contents Abstract 3 Personal Introduction 4 Topic Introduction 4 Research Methods 5 Definition of Motivation 6 Theories of Motivation 7 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 7 Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory 9 The Four Motivations 11 PERMA Model 14 Example of Motivation 15 Financial 16 Non-Financial 19 Implications for Managers 25 Conclusion 30 Resources 32 Abstract Most employers today would like to have their employee’s motivated and ready to work, but do not understand what truly motivates a person. Companies could be more efficient if the employees had an invested interest in the future of the company. There are essential needs to be met for a person, specifically an employee, to succeed in the workplace. I will examine different theories of motivations, how they are relevant to the workplace, and how employers can implement the theories to ensure happy and motivated employees. The most important theories include: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Herzberg’s two-factor theory, Aristotle’s seven causes, and the different types of motivation. Each theory is related in the fact that there are needs for all people to meet. Every employee is at a different stage in their lives, which requires different management techniques. It is shown that motivation must come from within the employee...
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...A Study of Motivation: How to Get Your Employees Moving SPEA Honors Thesis Spring 2012 Indiana University Kelli Burton Management May 2012 Faculty Advisor: Cheryl Hughes May 2012 Page | 1 Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Personal Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4 Topic Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4 Research Methods ........................................................................................................................... 5 Definition of Motivation ................................................................................................................. 6 Theories of Motivation ................................................................................................................... 7 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs .................................................................................................... 7 Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory .................................................................................................. 9 The Four Motivations ............................................................................................................... 11 PERMA Model .............
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...Company have been slowing down in the past couple of years because of bad customer service (Garlington). John went through the paper work and found that the sales people seem to leave off the specifications and the designers have to spend hours on the phone to understand what the client customer actually wants the machine to be able to do. The company loses time and money to clarify these specifications, and they occasionally need to pay additional costs due to differences in prices for parts so they can meet the changed specifications. Also, the sales people are not asked to correct their mistakes. John also, found a letter addressed to Fred, the previous boss, indicating one of the CAD designers had quit the company due to “…ongoing management harassment AND complete lack of training for the sales people, who do not know how to write a design specification for a standard hydraulic pump” (Garlington). John has been very successful in leading the team. He had a good relationship with all his employees in the past and doesn’t want that to change in this company. He has realized that in that this team was not in very good hands in the past, and they were under a strict supervision. The employees are used to being told what to do otherwise they don’t know what needs to be done. Their previous leader kept everything under his control. John doesn’t want it to stay like this. He wants his team to be independent and to do what is asked of them without being supervised and told every...
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...prior written permission of the compiler is prohibited. MARMASHASTRA ©2011 by Michael Hamilton, LAC. www.lotusspace.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I give gratitude to Dr. Suhas Kshirsagar and Dr. Thomas Yarema for their teachings; to my mother for her guidance; my readers for the hope to expand this knowledge; the ultimate reality for always being there even when I do not always realize it. dew rise clouds fall rain wash pain all MAHALO i MARMASHASTRA ©2011 by Michael Hamilton, LAC. www.lotusspace.com This work presents the human bio-energy model (anthropocosm: cosmic human being) as profoundly observed in Ayurvedic medicine. According to ancient Vedic texts (and later through Tantric and Taoist traditions), the energetic, or subtle, body is the foundation of the food, or coarse body, and the bridge between the physical and causal realms. Therefore, the structure of the subtle energetic body provides an intended means for human spiritual development, or evolution (which enables humanity to fulfill its purpose as a conduit between heaven and earth, hence transforming into an entity more subtle, and original). The text’s primary purpose is to present oriental bio-energetic theory, and second, to bridge theoretical gaps between Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurvedic Medicine, through the comparisons of their energetic structures, which are fundamental to the esoteric alchemical systems inherent within the theories of exoteric medicine. Furthermore, the work...
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...student, the teacher and the other students in an educational setting. This research paper will provide clinical and anecdotal information on DS with real-life observation of a student with Down syndrome. History of Disorder According to the National Down Syndrome Society (2013), during the early nineteenth century, John Langdon Down, an English physician, published an accurate description of a person with Down syndrome. It was this scholarly wok, published in 1866, that earned Down the recognition as the “father” of the syndrome. Although other people had previously recognized the characteristics of the syndrome, it was Down who described the condition as a distinct and separate entity. The United States Department of Health and Human Services Center for Disease Control and Prevention defines Down syndrome as, “a genetic disorder that includes a combination of birth defects, including some degree of mental retardation, characteristic facial features and, often, heart defects, visual and hearing impairment, and other health problems. The severity of all of these problems varies greatly among affected individuals.” (CDC website, 2009). Further the CDC...
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...ANELINA YASENOVA BAEVA ONLINE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR WEB EXPERIENCE ELEMENTS IN ONLINE CLOTHING MARKET September 2011 MASTER THESIS IN MARKETING ONLINE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR Web Experience Elements in Online Clothing Market Student: Anelina Yasenova Baeva Supervisor: Professor Doctor Arnaldo Fernandes Matos Coelho September, 2011 ONLINE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR – Web Experience Elements in Online Clothing Market Abstract Online shopping in EU has been shown to be a good potential market. Clothing represents a high percent of the individuals shopping. Buying clothes online gives customers the opportunity to find a great variety of products, customers can review a wide selection of products and find special offers with the best deals online. However, the tangible and intangible problems of clothing online shopping still exist and the online store retailers lack the customer knowledge in some extent. Therefore, the intention of the thesis is to explore customer behavior when purchasing clothing online through investigating the factors that can affect online consumer`s attitudes, intention and actual consumers` behavior. The study investigates the main web - experience factors that customer takes into consideration when purchasing clothes online. Yet, the most important online elements are categorized in two main groups: customer - oriented factors and technology - oriented factors. The autor used quantitave research in term of survey to analyze the consumer`s attitutes towards the web...
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...THE EFFECT OF SELF-LEADERSHIP AND LOCUS OF CONTROL ON WORK STRESS AMONGST MANAGERS IN THE FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTOR By Agnes Akwa Nde Student number: 2009103587 A Dissertation submitted in Accordance with the Requirements for the Award of a MAGISTER COMMERCII Degree In Industrial Psychology Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences The University of the Free State Supervisor: Prof. Ebben Van Zyl Co-Supervisors: Dr Petrus Nel & Dr Estelle Boshoff Bloemfontein, 2015 DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation hereby submitted by me for a Masters of Commerce degree at the University of the Free State is my own independent work and has not been previously been submitted by me at another university/faculty. I furthermore cede copyright of the dissertation in favour of The University of the Free State. .............................................................................. Signature .............................................................................. Date [ii] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A project of this nature could not have been complete without the support of some people. At this juncture, I will like to recognize the assistance of such people who made indispensable contributions towards the realisation of this work. I received much technical support from my supervisor Prof Ebben Van Zyl and cosupervisors Dr Petrus Nel and Dr Estelle Boshoff. I appreciate all the efforts they made in seeing that this study...
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...Assessment and classroom learning By Black, Paul, Wiliam, Dylan, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice Mar1998, Vol. 5, Issue 1 ABSTRACT This article is a review of the literature on classroom formative assessment. Several studies show firm evidence that innovations designed to strengthen the frequent feedback that students receive about their learning yield substantial learning gains. The perceptions of students and their role in self-assessment are considered alongside analysis of' the strategies used by teachers and the formative strategies incorporated in such systemic approaches as mastery learning. There follows a more detailed and theoretical analysis of the nature of feedback, which provides a basis for a discussion of the development of theoretical models for formative assessment and of the prospects for the improvement of practice. Introduction One of the outstanding features of studies of assessment in recent years has been the shift in the focus of attention, towards greater interest in the interactions between assessment and classroom learning and away from concentration on the properties of restricted forms of test which are only weakly linked to the learning experiences of" students. This shift has been coupled with many expressions of hope that improvement in classroom assessment will make a strong contribution to the improvement of learning. So one main purpose of this review is to survey the evidence which might show whether or...
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...Assessment and classroom learning By Black, Paul, Wiliam, Dylan, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice Mar1998, Vol. 5, Issue 1 ABSTRACT This article is a review of the literature on classroom formative assessment. Several studies show firm evidence that innovations designed to strengthen the frequent feedback that students receive about their learning yield substantial learning gains. The perceptions of students and their role in self-assessment are considered alongside analysis of' the strategies used by teachers and the formative strategies incorporated in such systemic approaches as mastery learning. There follows a more detailed and theoretical analysis of the nature of feedback, which provides a basis for a discussion of the development of theoretical models for formative assessment and of the prospects for the improvement of practice. Introduction One of the outstanding features of studies of assessment in recent years has been the shift in the focus of attention, towards greater interest in the interactions between assessment and classroom learning and away from concentration on the properties of restricted forms of test which are only weakly linked to the learning experiences of" students. This shift has been coupled with many expressions of hope that improvement in classroom assessment will make a strong contribution to the improvement of learning. So one main purpose of this review is to survey the evidence which might show whether or...
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...The Interpretation of Dreams Sigmund Freud (1900) PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Wheras there was a space of nine years between the first and second editions of this book, the need of a third edition was apparent when little more than a year had elapsed. I ought to be gratified by this change; but if I was unwilling previously to attribute the neglect of my work to its small value, I cannot take the interest which is now making its appearance as proof of its quality. The advance of scientific knowledge has not left The Interpretation of Dreams untouched. When I wrote this book in 1899 there was as yet no "sexual theory," and the analysis of the more complicated forms of the psychoneuroses was still in its infancy. The interpretation of dreams was intended as an expedient to facilitate the psychological analysis of the neuroses; but since then a profounder understanding of the neuroses has contributed towards the comprehension of the dream. The doctrine of dream-interpretation itself has evolved in a direction which was insufficiently emphasized in the first edition of this book. From my own experience, and the works of Stekel and other writers, [1] I have since learned to appreciate more accurately the significance of symbolism in dreams (or rather, in unconscious thought). In the course of years, a mass of data has accumulated which demands consideration. I have endeavored to deal with these innovations by interpolations in the text and footnotes. If these additions do...
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