...Human Trafficking Human Trafficking: The Five “W”s 1 Human Trafficking 2 The Five “W”s of Human Trafficking Executive Summary What is Human Trafficking? Page 5 Where does it happen? Page 6 Who are the victims? Page 9 Why does it happen? Page 12 What are we doing to stop it? Page 13 Conclusion Page 16 Works Cited Page 3 Page 18 Human Trafficking 3 Executive Summary: This paper was written to help educate people on the horrors of this extremely profitable organized crime. Human trafficking is defined as the recruitment, transporting, or harboring of people for the purposes of slavery, forced labor, or sexual exploitation. There are two different types of human trafficking: labor trafficking and sex trafficking. Sex trafficking is the sale of women and children for prostitution and other forms of sexual exploitation. Sex trafficking is a lot more common than labor trafficking; labor trafficking...
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...Most people believe that slavery ended long ago back in 1865 when President Lincoln passed the 13th amendment stating that slavery and involuntarily servitude is punishable as a crime. The truth is slavery is alive in today’s modern society, most commonly referred to as human trafficking. Human trafficking is the act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harboring or receiving a person through a use of force, coercion or other means, for the purpose of exploiting them. According the U.S. State Department study, some 14,500 to 17,500 people are trafficked into the United States from overseas and enslaved each year. (Bales and Soodlater 6). Slavery has always, and will always be a part of the world we live in. It has evolved from a socially acceptable way of life for the upper class to an illegal act for a cheap price. Human trafficking today is most commonly in the form of sexual slavery or forced labor. The United States government has begun to take notice in this new type of slavery epidemic and are taking action and trying to gain control, but sadly few human trafficking cases are solved a year. The human trafficking industry is the third most profitable illegal enterprise, following guns and drugs, making it a rapid growing industry. According to the Polaris Project “because human trafficking is considered to be one of the fastest growing criminal industries, the U.S. government and academic researchers are currently working on an up-to-date estimate of the total number...
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...threat in Europe is organized crimes Organized criminal activity in Europe, it is widely accepted, has grown enormously in the last decade. The last ten-fifteen years have witnessed great changes in the political makeup of Europe, the collapse of Communism in 1989 and the deepening and widening of the European Union, through the establishment of the Treaties, have all been factors in the contribution to the growth of organized crime. Although organized crime is certainly not a new phenomenon it has become, in recent years, increasingly more widespread and highly sophisticated, taking advantage of the advances in technology, particularly in the field of communications. It has also been quick to adapt and exploit the changing political and economic mechanisms within Europe. This is particularly the case with the transition economies of the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) in Eastern Europe. The dramatic changes that followed 1989 and the resultant political and economic chaos have left many CIS countries extremely vulnerable to organized crime. Why has Organized Crime Increased? The reasons for the increase in organized crime are many and varied. One of the most important reasons for the sudden increase in organized criminal activity was the signing of the SEA (Single European Act) in 1986 and its introduction and provision, which states the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital, also provided a favorable situation for organized crime. The wholesale...
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...at the University of Hawaii, globalization can be defined as the “intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localitites in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa” (13). The main characteristics of globalization are the increased amount of global trading, markets’ openings, and inflow and outflow of goods and service (Ditmore, 186). Globalization has four major qualities such as creation of new social networks, stretching of social relations, intensification of social exchanges, and consciousness across the world (14-15). Globalization can be beneficial in terms of communication and economic trade but also can be very harmful when it comes to sex marketing, trafficking and prostitution. Prostitution is a very controversial topic and is widely debated in different countries. Globally, people are divided into proponents and opponents of legalization of prostitution. This paper is going to research and critically analyze the conflict regarding legalization of prostitution as well as provide a comparative perspective on illegal prostitution in the United States and legal prostitution in Germany. Prostitution is often named as the oldest profession in the world. Even in the times of Bible, prostitution was one of the most common ways for women to earn money. According to American Bible Society, Proverbs 23:27-28 says “for a prostitute is a deep pit; an adulteress is a narrow well.” Ancient Greece and Rome...
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...Governments Worldwide Must Place More Focus On Human Trafficking A collection of current articles regarding human trafficking has been collected throughout this semester. The news reports vary greatly in geographic location but the underlying message that these events share is unified and clear. Governments worldwide must create specialized agencies, victim relief units, and allocate more funds towards the understanding and prevention of this growing crime. Due to the complexity of human trafficking, non-traditional law enforcement must be used. As stated in several of the articles gathered, a growing need for information sharing between organizations has become necessary. With enhanced human trafficking policies and implementation; accurate crime statistics can be gathered, victims can be identified, perpetrators can be prosecuted, and organized crime patterns can be seen. This paper will be broken down into several components that cover this multi-faceted, illegal industry. First, a description and definition of human trafficking will be given. The current prevention methods will follow, including rough statistics gathered around the world. Next, I will outline the difficulties that law enforcement encounter with human trafficking. The strategies for improvement will make up the bulk of the paper. Human trafficking has been deemed the 21st century slave trade. Inadequate laws against trafficking and police negligence have allowed for this human rights violation to develop...
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...By: Crystal Busscher 5th hour Sex Slaves The Burmese government has committed serious abuses and blocked humanitarian aid to tens of thousands of displaced civilians since June 2011, in fighting in Burma's northern Kachin State, Human Rights Watch said. Some 75,000 ethnic Kachin displaced persons and refugees are in desperate need of food, medicine, and shelter, Human Rights Watch said. In Burma, the Burmese army have been attacking villages, razed homes, pillaged properties, and forcing the displacement of tens of thousands of people. The soldiers have threatened and also tortured civilians during interrogations and raped women. They also are forcing people even children as young as 14 years old to work in the mines. The Kachin civilians say that they are also forcing them to work on the front lines for the Burmese army, enduring torture, and being fired upon by the soldier. Human Rights Watch traces the women and girls' cross-border transport and their confinement in illegal brothels throughout Thailand where they are forced to work off their debt, often with 100 percent interest, through what amounts to sexual servitude. In addition to debt bondage, the women and girls face a wide range of abuses, including illegal confinement; forced labor; rape; physical abuse; exposure to HIV/AIDS; and, in some cases, murder. The Burmese women and girls work ten to eighteen hours a day, twenty-five days a month with anywhere from 5-15 clients a day. Health care and birth control...
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...HUMAN TRAFFICKING A SEMINAR PAPER PREPARED BY ELEGBOGUN OSERERE JULIET COURSE TITLE: CLASSICAL THEORIES OF CRIME, DELINQUENCY AND SECURITIES COURSE CODE: 800 IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER IN CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS LECTURER : PROFESSOR SOYOMBO OMOLOLU FEBRUARY, 2013. ABSTRACT With the rapidly increasing rate of migration – a by-product of a more globalised world – human traffickers have greater opportunities to exploit those who migrate to other States. First, human trafficking is driven by poverty and international productivity/living quality disparities. Second, the existing humanitarian and/or suppressive approaches cannot solve the problem. Third, the best option for solving the problem is setting up the ‘reciprocal direct investment’ (RDI) scheme between leading and lagged economies. The RDI scheme can facilitate improvements in the quality of public governance in lagged economies and...
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...me.” ----An Eritrean victim of human trafficking from The Sinai Desert INTRODUCTION This paper examines the issue of human trafficking as it relates to human security in the Horn of Africa. Trafficking takes place by criminal means through the threat or use of force, coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of positions of power or abuse of positions of vulnerability. Further, it relates to all stages of the trafficking process: recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of person. An agreed definition of human trafficking exists under Article 3 of the “Palermo Protocol” on trafficking in persons which went into effect on 25 December 2003. This internationally agreed definition focuses on exploitation of human beings – be it for sexual exploitation, other forms of forced labor, slavery, servitude, or for the removal of human organs. Trafficking is not just a transnational crime across international borders; the definition applies to internal domestic trafficking of human beings. In the Horn of Africa (HOA), both cross border and internal trafficking of women and children is prevalent. For example, in Ethiopia, children are being trafficked into armed conflict where it is reported that over 20,000 of them have been victims. Almost all of the countries in the region have been identified as sources, transit points or destination for women and children trafficked within and across these countries or to other regions such as Europe, the Middle...
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...Reducing Organized Crime Jason Elliott CJA/939 September 7th 2011 Wayne Babish Reducing Organized Crime Organized crime is an entity which endures. Causing problems locally, nationally, and internationally, organized crime has many relationships. Law enforcement agencies are limited when dealing with organized crime. Seeing the opportunity provided by legal limitations, organized crime flourishes. Finding a realistic solution to control organized crime is unrealistic. The problem is organized crime is imbedded in our society on many levels. The selling of illicit and illegal products and services is the largest problem organized crime has established. Since the Havana conference of 1946, drugs have been an extremely profitable business for organized crime. The drug industry is not the only illicit or illegal product available through organized crime. Prostitution and gambling are among the recreational services and products offered by organized crime. Problems from prostitution can range from an outbreak of sexually transmitted diseases to ruining marriages in the local area. Gambling can cause those addicted to spend all of their money at the casinos. Instituted street tax or protection tax can bankrupt local businesses. The cost of the tax is incredible. The only thing that hurts the business more than paying the street tax is not paying the street tax. Organized crime will make an example of any business that does not pay the street tax. The destruction...
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...ORGANIZED CRIME INVESTIGATION "Yes, Mr. Hoover, there is a Mafia" (Rudy Giuliani) Organized crime is in a class by itself. It's big, it's powerful, it's well-connected, and highly profitable. Mafia is the most common term used to describe the more profitable criminal organizations around the world, but other terminology exists, such as: international criminal organizations (military usage); transnational crime (United Nations usage); and enterprise crime (FBI usage). As the term is utilized in criminology, it refers to any (or all) of six (6) different types of crime: (1) crime as business, which includes white collar crime as well as various forms of corruption; (2) offenses involving works of art, counterfeiting, or other cultural artifacts; (3) crime associated with the distribution and sale of narcotics as well as other contraband substances; (4) crime associated with human migration or sex trafficking including various forms of prostitution; and (5) crime involving contract murder or for-hire use of force, mostly deadly force; and (6) various forms of computer crime involving identity theft and/or other large-scale financial frauds. No one-sentence conceptual definition exists, and a very useful webpage can be found on the Internet devoted to the Many Definitions of Organized Crime. There are known characteristics of organized crime, such as corruption, violence, sophistication, continuity, structure, discipline, ideology (or lack thereof), multiple enterprises...
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...Abstract Every human being is born with the rights of their own life and the pursuit of happiness. Through this crucial practice these people are deprived of these rights, they can no longer exercise what is granted to them as human rights. Human trafficking is the control and exploitation of others against their own free will. After illegal drugs and arms trafficking human trafficking is the next most profitable criminal activity. This paper will give the insight of human trafficking and how it effects human’s life as a whole. This paper will also discuss the moral and legal considerations of human trafficking, the Impact of human trafficking on the global communities, the Impact of human trafficking on US foreign policy and laws, and the Impact of human trafficking on me as an individual, as well as the pro and cons. Human trafficking Introduction Amongst the multiple crimes against humanity, human trafficking is one of the most common (UNODC, 2011). From Human trafficker leader, (2011), human trafficking is a form of modern day slavery. This is characteristic from the fact that humans are bought, sold and smuggled in the form of slaves into foreign countries. Mostly, the humans from poor nations fall victims in deceit that they will be granted new and good jobs in the foreign lands and the only thing is for them to pay a little fee and get ready to get to the greener pastures in their lives. This is in accordance to the UNODC (2011) which clearly states that humans are recruited...
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...Human trafficking over the years has gotten progressively worse and worse in the United States, and it needs to end now. Human trafficking is when somebody gets abducted and they get sold to people for money. When this does happen to people it doesn’t just affect them, but it affects their friends, family, and their community. They get sold to people and are treated like an animal. They are not fed right, and some even get drugged to do stuff against their own will. This issue is happening everywhere in the world, but especially in the United States. Human Trafficking happens every day, and everywhere. For example some people have got abducted by walking to and from school. Human Trafficking is generally a crime against persons, violating their human and labor rights in the process. (Vanessa, 2015) Sometimes even when you are just walking to get your mail. It could happen anytime and anywhere and it happens so fast that you wouldn’t even know what happened to you. Human Trafficking is the second most profitable criminal enterprise for transnational organized crime groups. (Vanessa, 2015)Sadly, by the times someone would notice that you were missing you could...
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...children subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically forced labor and forced prostitution. A significant share of Bangladesh’s trafficking victims are men recruited for work overseas with fraudulent employment offers who are subsequently exploited under conditions of forced labor or debt bondage. Children – both boys and girls – are trafficked within Bangladesh for commercial sexual exploitation, bonded labor, and forced labor. Some children are sold into bondage by their parents, while others are induced into labor or commercial sexual exploitation through fraud and physical coercion. Women and children from Bangladesh are also trafficked to India for commercial sexual exploitation.Human Trafficking In Bangladesh Bangladeshi men and women migrate willingly to Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Iraq, Lebanon, Malaysia, Liberia, and other countries for work, often under legal and contractual terms. Most Bangladeshis who seek overseas employment through legal channels rely on the 724 recruiting agencies belonging to the Bangladesh Association of International Recruiting Agencies (BAIRA). These agencies are legally permitted to charge workers up to $1,235 and place workers in low-skilled jobs typically paying between $100 and $150 per month. According to NGOs, however, many workers are charged upwards of $6,000 for these services. A recent Amnesty International report on Malaysia indicated Bangladeshis spend more than three times the amount...
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...Arms Trafficking between the United States and Mexico: The Drug Trafficking Nexus Transnational Crime and Globalization By: Katrina T. Mason May 2, 2008 The United States is quite known for their proactive stances on the “War on Drugs”, “War on Terror”, and “War in Iraq”. Some view them as the international police and others view them as the international fiend, but it is in no doubt that the United States takes a very active stance in fighting what they believe is evil and wrong within the world. This is increasingly true for the evils that occur within its own borders such as the continued drug epidemic, domestic violence, child abuse, poverty, gangs, and prostitution (with the exception of Nevada). Unfortunately though, the United States’ stance on legal activities crossing from their own governance into neighboring states where the activity is illegal is not held with the same level of concern or dedication. A primary example of this double standard can be seen on the Mexican-United States border. This is not in reference to the debris from the giant wall being built on the Mexican border falling to the southern side, the young Americans fleeing across the borders to intoxicate themselves, or even the revolution of McDonalds springing up in towns throughout Mexico; but instead to the small arms and light weapons trafficking continually flowing down from the border states into Mexico causing alarming murder rates, economical...
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...a training method. Mexican farm workers paid $20 for a condom and 15 minutes with a woman, though on average they received $3 per encounter. It became impossible for the women to pay their debts, since the bosses added charges for room, board and miscellaneous fines to the original transportation fee. Eventually two 15 year-olds successfully fled to the Mexican consulate and the traffickers were arrested. The women face deportation to Mexico, where some of the original recruiters are still at large. (D’Agostino, Joseph. “The New Illegal Immigrants: Sex Slaves.” Human Events 7/2/99, Vol. 55, Issue 24, p. 4) Freedom is a short, powerful word we take for granted every day. It is hard to fully appreciate freedom when we have never had it snatched away from us. We get to choose our jobs, where we live, what we eat. If we are unhappy with any of our life situations we have the freedom to leave and engage in some other activity that satisfies us. Unfortunately, some people are not so lucky. They live the majority of their lives without ever experiencing freedom due to the various practices of modern day slavery. Today, there are millions of people around the world being kidnapped, virulently mistreated and sometimes even murdered, all to facilitate cheap or free labour and sexual...
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