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Human Trafficking

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Essay #4: Research Paper
Pro. Murray
March 28, 2013

Human Trafficking

INTRODUCTION The social issue of human trafficking has garnered the attention of the United Nations, as a report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. A global problem exists reaching every developed, developing, and undeveloped country on the planet. The first ever global forum to fight human trafficking was held February 13-15, 2008 in Vienna. One of the major issues addressed was the lack of information and varied responses from countries and their agencies formed to combat the growing crime. In attendance were delegates from more than 100 countries, law enforcement teams, business leaders, legislators, and recognized experts on human trafficking (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, UNODC, n.d). The Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Antonio Maria Costa, described the problem as "a monster whose shape, size and ferocity we can only guess" (UNODC, n.d). Throughout this paper the researchers will examine the nature of the population and social issues confronting them and explore the macro practice interventions. First, look at human trafficking and what defines it.
DEFINITION
Human Trafficking is the modern day practice of slavery, according to the Polaris Project (Polaris Project, n.d.). Human trafficking has a basis of the recruitment, harboring, and transportation of people solely for the purpose of exploitation, forcing and coercing individuals into labor or sexual operations. Transferring or transporting across the borders of one’s country does not define human trafficking. Many times human trafficking is occurring within the confinements of the city, state, and native country. What makes modern day slavery so different from the past is the fact in which traffickers no longer require ownership documentation. Slavery today and the past have the same characteristics such as: control through violence, exploitation for profit, and loss of free will. “People caught up in slavery or human trafficking today can be purchased and sold for as little as $100 (compared to 10 times that much in the 1850’s). As a result, people become “disposable;” for example, easily replaceable” (United States Department of Education, 2010).
TYPES OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING Human trafficking is the second largest criminal industry in the world. “Sex trafficking is one of the most lucrative sectors regarding the illegal trade of people” (Polaris Project, n.d.). Combining sects of human trafficking the combined profits are over one billion dollars annually. One myth is that human trafficking is only when an individual is bought, sold, and removed from his or her native land or from foreign soil. The truth is the numbers are higher for American citizens trafficked within the United States of America. “An estimated 17,500 foreign nationals are trafficked annually in the United States” (Polaris Project, n.d.). According to the Polaris Project, n. d., an estimated 200, 000 American children are at high risk for trafficking in the industry each year. Labor trafficking includes domestic servitude in small-scale labor operations, such as restaurants, family-owned businesses, brothels, to large-scale operations such as farms, major multinational corporations, and sweatshops. “Sex trafficking includes any part of sexual exploitation in prostitution, pornography, bride trafficking, and the commercial sexual abuse of children” (Polaris Project, n.d.). Human trafficking is not specific to one gender, age group, financial status, or ethnicity. Human trafficking is not based on poverty levels and is not specific to the type of neighborhood a person lives in.
SOCIAL ISSUES In today’s society, human trafficking is an existent and horrible reality. Many people fall subject to human trafficking because they become desperate. Most of the victims of human trafficking are sold so that they can cross a border to arrive back to their homelands. Human trafficking is rarely, and most of the time, unspoken of in America. Many women and children are sold into this form of slavery. Girls as young as 13 are sold to become brides and result in being abused, isolated, raped, and endure other forms of torture. Findings suggest that human trafficking is covered infrequently in the American news and that the nature of the issue limits story coverage. Unfortunately, without public recognition and support for resources to find solutions, the problem of human trafficking will likely continue. How to best communicate ongoing social problems within institutional constraints remains an important question, requiring further analysis (McCoy Roth, 2004). People are socially unaware of the human trafficking and it will be extremely hard to help rid the world of this terrible issue. The issue needs to be spread throughout the news and through other social networking so that there will be a stop to it.

MACRO PRACTICE INTERVENTION The macro practice interventions of human trafficking include the efforts to elevate understanding of trafficking in addition to creating the political motivation essential to prevent it. As a result, human trafficking along with the procedures used to fight it is repeatedly intertwined with people smuggling, immigration, prostitution, drugs, and other forms of felonies (Dearnley & Chalke, 2009, p. 1). Whereas moving people is a basic component of trafficking, this can happen in the interior and across countries, and it can acquire an assortment of styles. “In 2000, the United Nations began the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, with the aim of starting a victim centered approach to trafficking” (Dearnley & Chalke, 2009, para. 5). The Pressure to Prevent agreement has been signed by 177 countries. Committing to help stop human trafficking has become a global project (Dearnley & Chalke, 2009). Among other projects to help eliminate human trafficking, Start Freedom is a new international venture managed in combination with the company of the United Nations. This program aspires to connect and elevate understanding amid adolescent group, teaching them about the concerns adjoining human trafficking. Another venture is Active Communities against Trafficking (ACT), which seeks to put collectively, elements of an area inside the cover of an ACT faction. Equipping the section with a wealth of ability to help communities to recognize trafficking, know how it changes neighboring areas, and be trained how to assist in putting a stop to human trafficking international. These programs have advanced into a self-regulating aid organization within excess of 1,500 affiliate groups and an unspecified number of people internationally who decline to put up with the reality of enslavement in this century.
Conclusion
In conclusion, we see continued efforts to bring this horrific crisis to the minds and attention of people across the world. On February 4, 2010, the United Nations Postal Administration issued new stamps addressing the human trafficking theme. Stamps are available online as well as in Vienna, New York, and Geneva. The answer can be found, when nations come together and admit there is a problem and unite their resources and establish a global system of detection, deterrence, and defense for this gruesome outrage.

Works Cited
Dearnley, R., and Chalke, S. (2009). Prevention, Prosecution and Protection - Human Trafficking. Human Trafficking. UN Chronicle,
McCoy Roth, M. (2004 May 27) "Communicating ongoing social problems: A case study of human trafficking" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, New Orleans Sheraton, New Orleans, LA Online . 2009, May 26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p112808_index.html
The National Labor Committee. (n.d.). About Us. Retrieved May 13, 2010, from http://www.nlcnet.org/about Polaris project. (n.d.). Polaris project combating human trafficking and modern-day slavery. Retrieved from http://www.polarisproject.org/c
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, UNODC. (n.d). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Retrieved from http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/press/releases/2008-02-12.html United States Department of Education: Underground Railroad Educational and Cultural (URR) Program. (2010). National underground railroad freedom center. Retrieved from http://www.freedomcenter.org/slavery-today/?gclid=CNrVz-yH1qECFRZ5gwodQzNyIQ

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