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Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life
Multiple-Choice Questions
1) About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?
A) carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen
B) carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen
C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
E) carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 2.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

2) Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates?
A) nitrogen
B) calcium
C) iodine
D) sodium
E) phosphorus
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 2.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

3) Three or four of the following statements are true and correct. Which one, if any, is false? If all the statements are true, choose answer E.
A) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up approximately 96% of living matter.
B) The trace element iodine is required only in very small quantities by vertebrates.
C) Virtually all organisms require the same elements in the same quantities.
D) Iron is an example of an element needed by all organisms.
E) All of the other statements are true and correct.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 2.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

4) Which of the following statements is false?
A) Atoms of the various elements differ in their number of subatomic particles.
B) All atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons in their nuclei.
C) The neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom are almost identical in mass; each has a mass of about 1 dalton.
D) An atom is the smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of the element.
E) Protons and electrons are electrically charged particles. Protons have one unit of negative

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