...Mini Project Report on Conversion of a spark ignited, 4-stroke, CNG automotive engine to run on producer gas Submitted by Anurag Goyal (Entry No.:2008ME10494) Shah Hardik (Entry No.:2008ME10540) Supervised by Prof. M R Ravi Mechanical Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi April, 2011 Contents Certificate i Abstract ii Acknowledgements iii Nomenclature iv List of Figures v List of Tables vi 1. Introduction 1 2. Literature Review 5 3. Plan of Work 11 4. Experimental rig and work carried out 14 5. Results and discussion 21 6. Conclusions 30 Appendix-A Appendix-B Appendix-B Certificates The work presented in this report has been carried out by us for the course MED310. The report accurately reflects the work done by us. All the material taken from other sources has been fully acknowledged. _____________ ___________ (Signatures, names and entry numbers of all the students) Anurag Goyal and Shah Hardik have worked under my supervision. I have read this report. It accurately reflects the work done by the students. _______________ (Signature and Name of the Supervisor) i Abstract This experimental study is aimed at successful, i.e. with minimum derating, conversion of a spark ignited, 4-stroke, compressed natural gas(CNG) fuelled automotive engine (TATA ACE CNG engine), to run on producer gas, also known as biomass syngas. The project...
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.........................................................................................................3 1.2 History . .....................................................................................................................................................3 1.3 Their Businesses ...................................................................................................................................4 1.4 Mission .......................................................................................................................................................5 2. QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORIES ................................................................................................5 2.1 Working Procedure of Labs: ............................................................................................................6 3. POL Products being tested at PSO Laboratories .......................................................................9 3.1 PMG (Premium Motor Gasoline) ..............................................................................................................9 3.2 HSD (High Sulfur Diesel) ........................................................................................................................ 11 3.3 LSFO & HSFO ....................................................................................................................................... 12 3.4 HOBC (High Octane Blending Component) .................
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...Automobile Sustainability Report Executive Summary In our report we discuss the various methods that today’s three major automakers are using to provide their customers with up to date, state of the art products. By implementing numerous breakthrough technologies into their production systems automakers are continuously working towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly production process. Throughout our report we highlight major breakthroughs throughout the industry and how they have affected each individual company. By turning their attention to a more lean production process there have been many positive changes to help eliminate waste and reduce the cost of production. These companies are making conscious efforts to not only reduce the amount of waste produced throughout their systems but also how to reuse or recycle the waste that cannot be prevented. For example we talk about how Toyota has developed automated robotics systems to help control the amount of paint that is used during their topcoat operations to prevent the use of excess paint which is normally due to human error, another example is how they are using the paint sludge in the production of other products such as anti-rust paint sprays. We also discuss how the use of returnable metal shipping containers when shipping parts can greatly reduce the amount of wasted packaging materials and wooden creates from going to the landfills every year. All of these small changes have a large impact when...
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...ole of youth in oil conservation ”Under your shoulders. Dear young people of the entire world, weigh the responsibility to transform tomorrow's world into a society where peace, harmony and fraternity reign. “ - Bishop Carlos Belo Youth constitute about 40 percent of the total population of India. The youth of every country is its valuable human resource. The responsibility for change, progress and innovation lies on their shoulders. Youth can make or mar society. There has always been misunderstood by the elders. The elders feel that, being immature and inexperienced, the youth usually indulge in thoughtless activities. However, the youth have the zeal to initiate revolutions. Mao Tse Tung of China realized this latent power and dedication of youth of his country. He entrusted them with the responsibility of bringing about Cultural Revolution, a change in the attitude of the society. The youth of our country also played a significant role in the freedom struggle. Today the youth needs to play an important role in promoting oil conservation. India is country of rich cultural heritage as well as it is rich in resources essential for a comfortable living. Such resources also include the oil resources such as petroleum and diesel which are essential resources for transportation but these resources are exploited today to extreme. Conservation of these resources is necessary so as to enjoy and live life comfortably. As Mahatma Gandhi said “the earth has enough to fulfill the...
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...General Motors’ Crisis Communication Plan Public Relations & Corporate Communications Company Overview General Motors (GM) is an American global car manufacturer headquartered in Detroit Michigan. Employing 202,000 people, GM produces automobiles in 31 out of the 157 countries in which it conducts business. In 2011, GM succeeded in surpassing Toyota and Volkswagen with the largest number of sales worldwide, 9.03 million vehicles1. At the heart of General Motor’s charge is customer satisfaction: “At the new General Motors, we are passionate about designing, building and selling the world’s best vehicles. This vision unites us as a team each and every day and is the hallmark of our customer-driven culture.”2 Background Information As the world emerged into the 20th century, automobiles were viewed as new, cutting edge technology. Little did the world know how dependent economies would become on this “carriage with no horses.” In order to meet the growing public demand for automobiles, new companies emerged on a widespread scale. Among the first on the scene was General Motors founder, William “Billy” Durant who founded the company on September 16, 19083. Throughout the first few decades after the company’s creation, General Motors only held possession of Buick Motor Company, but as the years progressed General Motors acquired an additional twenty car manufacturers including Oldsmobile, Cadillac and Oakland, also known as Pontiac. After the world recovered 1 http://www...
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...Introduction Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker, founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and luxury cars under the Lincoln brand. In the past it has also produced heavy trucks, tractors and automotive components. Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines. Henry Ford's methods came to be known around the world as Fordism by 1914. Ford is the second-largest U.S.-based automaker and the fifth largest in the world based on 2010 vehicle sales. At the end of 2010, Ford was the fifth largest automaker in Europe. Ford is the eighth-ranked overall American-based company in the 2010 Fortune 500 list, based on global revenues in 2009 of $118.3 billion. In 2008, Ford produced 5.532 million automobiles. And employed about 213,000 employees at around 90 plants and facilities worldwide. Competition Factor Between the 20th century 80s to 90s, the growth of automobile industry is very slow, and many American companies try to use discount and some preferential policy to attract customers. At the same time, more and more Japanese cars were preferred by customer cause of their high quality and attractive price, like Honda, Toyota and Nissan. Compared with Ford, Japanese cars used higher technology...
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...NANOTECHNOLOGY Contents: • Aim • Introduction • Nanotechnology is a set of enabling technology • Interest in Nanotechnology • Development in last 10 years • Brief History • Diversity • Implications of Nanotechnology • Unifying themes • Examples • Molecular electronics • New technologies for clean and efficient energy generation • Nanoassembled products • Growth in world investment in nanotechnology • Social, ethical and safety concerns. • Health and environmental impacts • Social and ethical issues arising from Nanotechnology-based products. • Conclusions on the global nanotechnology scene. • Issues and challenges for the research sector • Future Scope Aims of Term Paper are to:- ✓ Define and explain Nanotechnology. ✓ Elaborate the various terms related to it. ✓ Describe various examples of Nanotechnology. ✓ Outline the Future scope of Nanotechnology. ✓ Explain the various applications of Nanotechnology in different fields. What is nanotechnology? Nanotechnology is engineering at the molecular (groups of atoms) level. It is the collective term for a range of technologies, techniques and processes that involve the manipulation of matter at the smallest scale (from 1 to 100 nm). The classical laws of physics and chemistry do not readily apply at this very small scale for two reasons. Firstly, the electronic properties of very small particles...
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...Dissertation REPORT ON IMAGINATION AT WORK For PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DIPLOMA OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT (PGDM) SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY Prof. (Dr.) Neeran Gautam Director, UIMS Mr. Amit Sinha Enrollment No. UIMS-PGDM-10-005 Batch: 2010-2012 [Type text] [Type text] PREFACE As a part of my syllabus of PGDM programme in Final year, I was assigned some Practical and theoretical project work. Study of management will be immaterial if it is not coupled with study of financial aspect of the business. It gives the student an opportunity to learn the connection between comparison & execution to test & verify application of theories & help in the comparison of management theories and practice. The study gives a chance to know about the profitability and financial position of the firm. I have chosen General Electrics which is a $14.2 Billion Global company in Information Technology Services, R&D Services, and Business Process Outsourcing. This report contains the analysis of the 8 years data of the company. In the Scenario Analysis of the company we have included the company’s industrial GDP, its Market Share, Market Capitalization, Market Growth, HR policy etc. some other reason of choosing this segment are; Highly versatile & innovation oriented sector Large number of employees are working Highly challenging job opportunities High growth opportunities Work on international project Platform to show the difference dimension...
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...Chemtrails There is something in the skies above us that cannot be easily explained. We see it almost every day, yet we take it for granted. Vast patterns of cloud like contrails cover every major metropolitan area in the world on a daily basis. They are referred to as ‘chemtrails’ and they stretch from horizon to horizon in either direction. Sometimes the patterns resemble a tic-tac-toe like grid and at other times form huge X shaped patterns. After being sprayed, the chemtrails slowly merge together to form a huge blanket of cloud cover. The particles that make up these artificial clouds can take as long as a day to fall to the ground. When they fall they resemble soap bubbles or an ashy snow like substance and when they settle they leave a sticky residue on everything they touch. We don’t know for certain what these chemtrails are comprised of or why they are being sprayed above us on a routine basis. Theories range from an attempt to stop global warming to government attempts to poison us for population control, but one thing we know for sure is that they do exist. Most people discover the reality of chemtrails by initially reading about it on the Internet and then going outside and looking up into the sky. They are shocked to realize that what they had been reading about and seeing in countless photographs is also taking place right over their heads. What some people had dismissed as mere "jet plane exhaust" are dismayed to realize that chemtrails are indeed the...
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...UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B. TECH DEGREE COURSE 2008 SCHEME ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING I to VIII SEMESTER SCHEME AND SYLLABUS BOARD OF STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B.Tech Degree Course – 2008 Scheme REGULATIONS 1. Conditions for Admission Candidates for admission to the B.Tech degree course shall be required to have passed the Higher Secondary Examination, Kerala or 12th Standard V.H.S.E., C.B.S.E., I.S.C. or any examination accepted by the university as equivalent thereto obtaining not less than 50% in Mathematics and 50% in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry/ Bio- technology/ Computer Science/ Biology put together, or a diploma in Engineering awarded by the Board of Technical Education, Kerala or an examination recognized as equivalent thereto after undergoing an institutional course of at least three years securing a minimum of 50 % marks in the final diploma examination subject to the usual concessions allowed for backward classes and other communities as specified from time to time. 2. Duration of the course i) The course for the B.Tech Degree shall extend over a period of four academic years comprising of eight semesters. The first and second semester shall be combined and each semester from third semester onwards shall cover the groups of subjects as given in the curriculum and scheme of examination ii) Each semester shall ordinarily comprise of not less than 400 working periods each of 60 minutes...
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...2014-2015 Undergraduate Academic Calendar and Course Catalogue Published June 2014 The information contained within this document was accurate at the time of publication indicated above and is subject to change. Please consult your faculty or the Registrar’s office if you require clarification regarding the contents of this document. Note: Program map information located in the faculty sections of this document are relevant to students beginning their studies in 2014-2015, students commencing their UOIT studies during a different academic year should consult their faculty to ensure they are following the correct program map. i Message from President Tim McTiernan I am delighted to welcome you to the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), one of Canada’s most modern and dynamic university communities. We are a university that lives by three words: challenge, innovate and connect. You have chosen a university known for how it helps students meet the challenges of the future. We have created a leading-edge, technology-enriched learning environment. We have invested in state-of-the-art research and teaching facilities. We have developed industry-ready programs that align with the university’s visionary research portfolio. UOIT is known for its innovative approaches to learning. In many cases, our undergraduate and graduate students are working alongside their professors on research projects and gaining valuable hands-on learning, which we believe is integral...
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...CONTENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 Abbreviations/Definitions Code of Conduct and Ethics for Students Important Academic Rules Scheme of Studies Important Notes Detailed Syllabus 1 2 3 17 19 20 Lingaya’s University, Faridabad ABBREVIATIONS/DEFINITIONS "AC" means, Academic Council of the University. "BOM" means, the Board of Management of the University. "BOS" means, the Board of Studies of the Department. “CAU/AUC-option” CAU/AUC means change from Credit to Audit option / change from Audit to Credit option "Class/Course Committee" means, the Class/Course Committee of a class/course. "Course" means, a specific subject usually identified by its course-number and course-title, with a specified syllabus / course-description, a set of references, taught by some teacher(s) / course- instructor(s) to a specific class (group of students) during a specific academic-semester / semester. “Course Instructor" means, the teacher or the Course Instructor of a Course. "Curriculum" means the set of Course-Structure and Course-Contents. "DAA" means, the Dean of Academic Affairs. “DAAB” means Departmental Academic Appeals Board. “DEC/PEC” means Dissertation Evaluation Committee / Project Evaluation committee. “Department” means a group in the University devoted to a specific discipline also called a School. Department and School are used interchangeably. "DSA" means, Dean Student Affairs. “ESE” means End-Semester Examination “EYE” means End-Year Examination. "Faculty Advisor/Class Counsellor”...
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...THE FUTURE OF TECHNOLOGY OTHER ECONOMIST BOOKS Guide to Analysing Companies Guide to Business Modelling Guide to Business Planning Guide to Economic Indicators Guide to the European Union Guide to Financial Markets Guide to Management Ideas Numbers Guide Style Guide Dictionary of Business Dictionary of Economics International Dictionary of Finance Brands and Branding Business Consulting Business Ethics Business Strategy China’s Stockmarket Globalisation Headhunters and How to Use Them Successful Mergers Wall Street Essential Director Essential Economics Essential Finance Essential Internet Essential Investment Essential Negotiation Pocket World in Figures THE FUTURE OF TECHNOLOGY THE ECONOMIST IN ASSOCIATION WITH PROFILE BOOKS LTD Published by Profile Books Ltd 3a Exmouth House, Pine Street, London ec1r 0jh Copyright © The Economist Newspaper Ltd 2005 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. The greatest care has been taken in compiling this book. However, no responsibility can be accepted by the publishers or compilers for the accuracy of the information presented. Where opinion is expressed it is that of the author and does not necessarily...
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...Engineering: An Introduction for High School Annapurna Ganesh Chell Roberts Dale Baker Darryl Morrell Janel White-Taylor Stephen Krause Tirupalavanam G. Ganesh Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required) www.ck12.org iii To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other interactive content, visit www.ck12.org CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-content, web-based collaborative model termed the FlexBook®, CK-12 intends to pioneer the generation and distribution of high-quality educational content that will serve both as core text as well as provide an adaptive environment for learning, powered through the FlexBook Platform®. Copyright © 2011 CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org The names “CK-12” and “CK12” and associated logos and the terms “FlexBook®”, and “FlexBook Platform®”, (collectively “CK-12 Marks”) are trademarks and service marks of CK-12 Foundation and are protected by federal, state and international laws. Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium, in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution link http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (placed in a visible location) in addition to the following terms. Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Creative Commons...
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...ARTICLE IN PRESS Energy 33 (2008) 1591–1596 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/energy Energy efficiency, security of supply and the environment in South Africa: Moving beyond the strategy documents A.B. Sebitosi à Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa a r t i c l e in fo abstract Article history: Received 18 April 2008 Energy efficiency is one of the most potent and cost effective ways of meeting the demands of sustainable development. It has in fact been referred to as the best energy resource. Way back in 2005 the South African Department of Minerals and Energy (DME) published its Energy Efficiency Strategy in support of some of the objectives enlisted in the 1998 White Paper on Energy Policy. The Strategy set a national target for energy efficiency improvement of 12% by 2015 against the baseline year 2000. The document further predicted that, with a business as usual model of energy usage, at the projected rate of national economic development, there would be a need to invest in new power generating capacity by around 2007. Despite the policy foresight and seemingly enthusiastic efforts, though, the dawn of 2008 saw the country gripped in an electric power crisis, with a capacity shortfall of over 10%. This paper looks at what could have gone wrong, examines energy efficiency policies and measures in other countries and how these lessons...
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