...this article by searching Google Scholar, and using a string search of “Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy” + endurance athlete. This type of search returned a moderate amount of results in which to start my research. This article was written as a peer review for the Mayo Clinic website. The article contains a significant amount of information describing different scientific studies performed in regards to high intensity exercise performed by endurance athletes vs. people who lead a sedentary lifestyle, with little or no exercise at all. It also touches on describing exercise as a pharmacological agent, as in performing exercise in moderation (a “recommended dose”), or exercising to the extreme, which could be considered an excessive dose. The article also points out how exercise can be used in the prevention of certain disease processes, such as diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease. I think this peer review is somewhat biased towards exercise in moderation, because a lot of the studies reviewed tend to point out the negative effects of endurance sports and the training that goes along with them. Although this article is somewhat biased towards minimalist types of exercise, I believe it will be beneficial to my research. It is because of the different studies that are reviewed and how they relate to cardiovascular health and endurance athletes. Wilson, Mathew G et al. “Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Ultra-Endurance Running - Two Incompatible Entities?” Journal of Cardiovascular...
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...predisposed to heart defects and do not realize they are at risk for possible development of a heart defect during their athletic career. Knowing an athlete’s family and medical history could help prevent a great deal of possible health conditions. Athletes have a higher risk of developing a higher risk if they are predisposed. There are athletes that do not realize that they are predisposed to heart defects and that they could develop one. Table of Contents Introduction 5 Background 5 Theoretical Framework 6 Statement of the problem. 6 Research question. 6 Purpose for the study. 7 Significance 7 Limitations of the Study 7 Definitions of Terms 8 Arrhythmias 8 Athletic Career 8 Electrocardiogram 8 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: 8 Sudden Cardiac Death: 8 Review of Related Literature 9 What is causing the sudden death of young athletes? 9 Successful Prevention 10 Role of NCAA 11 Summary 12 Methodology 13 Design 13 Setting and Participants 13 Data Collection 14 Treatment of the Data 14 Implications for Future Research 15 References 16 Appendix A 16 Appendix B 21 Appendix C 22...
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...Heart Attacks in Youth Jennifer Velasquez HCS/457 January 16, 2012 Michelle Clemons Heart Attacks in Youth Headlines across the country are similar to a headline recently in La Center, Washington: Eighth Grader Collapses During First Day of Basketball Practice. Children collapsing during sporting events are becoming fairly common around the country. According to Caldwell (2011), “Studies show that 175 to 233 deaths occur each year among high school athletes” (para. 3). Most individuals are required by state law to pass a sport physical before him or her can even begin the first day of practice. Many individuals have different opinions as to why children are collapsing with heart issues. Health professionals locally, on state level and nationally are monitoring the findings and are trying to come up with a solution to minimize loss of life. Because so many children participate each year in physical sports, it is important to find out why children are coming up with heart issues and determine how to lower the amount of children from collapsing and prevent premature death. Functions at Various Government Levels Because children collapsing at sporting events has only recently started to become more common, the three levels of government; National, State, and Local levels have not began working to diligently on a solution. At least if they have, they are not disclosing available resources or much information at this current time. Therefore, locating information...
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...I chose to summarize this review article to understand the reasons behind exercising a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Prior to the reading, my knowledge of stress echos only covered the bases of diagnosing coronary artery disease. This review focuses on the patient’s subjective complaints and its correlation with sudden death from HCM. It’s common for us to see patient with HCM and to perform Valsalva maneuvers to check for LVOT obstruction with increased velocities. However, a new understanding leads me to believe that performing a Valsalva maneuver at rest may not always cause an obstruction of the LVOT. In this review study, to get a better understanding of patients with HCM, they now stress the patients to evaluate LVOT obstruction, mitral regurgitation, left ventricle asynergy and diastolic function. An exercise stress test will be ordered when a patient with HCM is complaining of dyspnea, syncope and chest pain during exertion. Although these complaints are subjective, preforming a stress test can give physician’s objective finding towards the extent of the patients HCM. These objective findings can include systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM), LVOTO and EKG...
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...presentation on Cardiomyopathy Topic presentation on Cardiomyopathy INDEX S.N | CONTENT | PG.NO | 1 | Introduction | 5 | 2 | Definition Cardiomyopathy | 5 | 3 | Classification | 6 | 4 | Risk Factors | 7 | 5 | Clinical Manifestations | 7 | 6 | Diagnostic Evaluation | 7-9 | 7 | Dilated CardiomyopathyDefinition,Charecteristics,Types , Causes,Diagnostic Evaluation,Pathophysiology,Clinical Manifestations,Medical Management | 10-17 | 8 | Hypertrophic CardiomyopathyIncidence,Causes,Charecteristics,Clinical Manifestations,Medical And Nursing Management | 18-21 | 9 | Restrictive Cardiomyopathy-Other Names,Causes,Pathophysiology,Clinical Manifestations,Diagnostic Evaluation,Medical Management | 23-26 | 10 | Surgical management | 27-32 | 11 | Prevention | | 12 | Nursing Management,Home Care Management | 32-40 | 13 | Complications | 40-42 | 14 | Conclusion | 42 | 15 | Research Abstract | 42-43 | 16 | References | 44 | GENERAL OBJECTIVE: On completion of the course the students aquires indepth knowledge regarding cardiomyopathy and able to apply this knowledge with a positive attitude. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: On completion of the course the students are able to * Define cardiomyopathy *...
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...Distinction between normal heart and an enlarged heartWhat Causes Cardiomyopathy?Cardiomyopathy can be acquired or inherited. Acquired means you develop it due to another disease, condition or factor. Inherited means your parents passed the gene for the disease on to you.Symptoms: Some people who have cardiomyopathy never have signs or symptoms. Others don't have signs or symptoms in the early stages of the disease. * Shortness of breath or trouble breathing, especially with physical exertion * Fatigue (tiredness) * Swelling in the ankles, feet, legs, abdomen and veins in the neckOther signs and symptoms may include dizziness; light-headedness; fainting during physical activity; arrhythmias(irregular heartbeats); chest pain, especially after physical exertion or heavy meals; and heart murmurs. (Heart murmurs are extra or unusual sounds heard during a heartbeat.) | | | What is CardiomyopathyCardiomyopathy is diseases of the heart muscle. In cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle becomes enlarged, thick or rigid. In rare cases, the muscle tissue in the heart is replaced with scar tissue.Main Types of Cardiomyopathy:The main types of cardiomyopathy are: * Dilated cardiomyopathy * Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy * Restrictive cardiomyopathy * Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia | | | CardiomyopATHY in adults | | | | | | | CardiomyopATHY in adults | Created By: LaKeycia Harper | | What do you include in a brochure? Here are a couple of...
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...David Epstein writes Following the Trail of Broken Hearts about the unfortunate genetic mutation that causes Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Throughout the article, he discusses many different circumstances where this disease has disabled and killed many young athletes. This not so rare disorder is an impactful cause of death that hasn’t been able to be extensively researched because of the almost instant death. This article tries to influence the increase in study of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. The underlying story of Decarlo Polk is heartbreaking and becoming increasingly common. An athlete, that’s in their peak physical condition, can have extremely dangerous and sometimes deadly heart conditions. Unfortunately for the parents of these...
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...a beautiful baby girl, Hillarie Dawn. She had milky-smooth copper skin, was completely bald, and the longest baby I had ever seen. Even her toes and fingers seem to stretch for miles, and she could keep herself entertained for ages just by watching her tiny fragile fingers furling out and in, again and again, like the tail of a peacock opening and closing. She wasn’t the first baby in this generation of my family; she was number five thus far. You could say we were quite well versed in newborn-ology, but she surprised us all with her quiet and easy nature. She rarely cried or fussed, was always happy, and even let us catch sleep for hours at a time. Before the age of 2 she was diagnosed with a heart disorder, a rare form of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy with RCM. It held a bleak outcome for her future; most children diagnosed in this age only have a 44-50% survival rate beyond two years of disease presentation (Canter and Webber, 2012). This reality catapulted our family into a life of specialists, hospital stays, treatments, and learning how to take care of a child with special needs. While we often felt worried, stressed, and frazzled, our little kewpie doll never made a fuss. She endured...
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...Definition Heart failure occurs when abnormal cardiac function causes failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate sufficient for metabolic requirements under normal filling pressure. It is characterised clinically by breathlessness, effort intolerance, fluid retention, and poor survival. Fluid retention and the congestion related to this can often be relieved with diuretic therapy. However, diuretic therapy should generally not be used alone and, if required, should be combined with the pharmacological therapies outlined in this review. Heart failure can be caused by systolic or diastolic dysfunction, and is associated with neurohormonal changes. [1] Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is defined as a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below 0.40. It may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Defining and diagnosing diastolic heart failure can be difficult. Recently proposed criteria include: (1) clinical evidence of heart failure; (2) normal or mildly abnormal left ventricular systolic function; (3) evidence of abnormal left ventricular relaxation, filling, diastolic distensibility, or diastolic stiffness; and (4) evidence of elevated N-terminal-probrain natriuretic peptide. [2] However, assessment of some of these criteria is not standardised Top of Form Search the BMJ[pic][pic] Bottom of Form • BMJ • BMJ Journals • BMJ Careers • BMJ Learning • Evidence Centre • BMJ Group [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] Home | Log in | Athens...
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...S DeBrule Principles of Ethics 445 09 February 2013 As the lead surgeon and the sole decision maker for all transplant cases, I have a dilemma on my hands. I have just received a call notifying me that a heart has become available for transplant. I currently have 3 patients that are candidates for this heart. Time is of the essence; therefore I have decided to give the heart to Jerry, a 55 year old married man, father of 3 children. Improved outcome of heart failure in response to medical therapy, coupled with a critical shortage of donor organs, makes it imperative to restrict heart transplantation to patients who are most disabled by heart failure and who are likely to derive the “maximum” benefit from transplantation. I believe Jerry is the best candidate for the transplant because of his overall situation. As previously mentioned he is only 55 years old and has 3 dependent children, the youngest of which has special needs. His wife has been a lifelong homemaker and as such has not acquired any professional skills or training. Taking this into consideration, it will prove difficult for her to provide for herself and their children after the loss of her husband. Jerry’s job does not mandate strenuous physical activity and he is eligible for retirement in 5 years. After his retirement, he can remain home with his family. The damage done to his heart was incurred by steroid use during his early 20’s. The dangers associated with steroids were not fully known at...
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...• Sudden cardiac death can occur in people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Although it is rare, it does occur in 1%of all patients in the general population (Heart Disease and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, 2016). The most common incident is the young athlete who is participation in sports programs and the condition is undiagnosed and sudden death occurs. • People who are diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have to be mindful of the disease. In my case I have had the condition all my life, so this I normal for me. I am currently controlling the condition by taking medications to help my heart work efficiently. I have regular scheduled visits with my cardiologist. I have annual echocardiogram test conducted yearly to measure the thickness of the heart muscle. I have to be careful with my diet and exercise. I have to be aware of dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting and swelling in the lower extremities. At this time my condition is under control and I am able...
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...Myocardiopathy The heart is one of the most complex parts of the body, however, it can be susceptible to many life threatening conditions or illnesses. For example, Cardiomyopathy, of which is life threatening, and sometimes hard to detect until it is sadly too late. Cardiomyopathy is a hit and miss disease of the heart muscle, and can affect people of all ages, although it is mostly inherited. This disease is not curable, but can more than likely be treated successfully. Cardiomyopathy includes, but is not limited to: The effects on the cardiovascular system, the reasoning behind it, the signs and symptoms, the long process, and the treatment plan. Cardiomyopathy weakens the quality of the cardiac muscle and diminishes its ability to get oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body. As cardiomyopathy progresses into the life-threatening disease we know it as, the heart begins to weaken. Futile efforts to pump blood through the body deplete other muscles from receiving oxygen. Another effect of the disease is the ability to disrupt the electrical rhythm of the heart. This can lead to heart failure, and arrhythmias, irregular heartbeats. Sequentially, heart failure can cause excess fluid to accumulate in the body’s extremities and abdomen. Lack of heart valve operation can occur. The true causes of cardiomyopathy is still unknown. Although the cause cannot be truly determined, experts have drafted a list of the possible sources, these include: genetics, heart valve problems, excessive...
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...stimulates the different changes in the function and responsibilities of the cardiovascular system known to many as “athlete’s heart”. It was highlighted by the author that the increased of parietal thickness and biventricular cavity dimension, the increased of left atrial cavity size (and volume), associated with normal and supranormal systolic, and diastolic ventricular function are some of the cardiovascular changes brought about by the athletes heart. One of the main causes of death in athletes is Sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) and this transpire approximately an hour from the initiation of the set of symptoms characterize by that specific medical condition. The most frequent causes of sudden death in young athletes in USA are: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, coronary anomalies, RV arrhythmogenic, myocarditis, and channelopathies frequently through the ventricular arrhythmias that they induce. Base on research it was found out that most common cause of sudden cardiac death in Italy is RV arrhythmogenic dysplasia. The acronym ECG means Electrocardiographic, and these changes are present among 60% of the athlete population being more...
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...Kayla Martinez 5/16/15 HW6 1. (3 pts) What are intercalated discs in cardiac muscle? What is the functional importance of these in the heart? Intercalated discs are important because they have desmosomes that hold the cell together, and also gap junctions that allow ions to pass through. These all currents to travel through cardiac muscle. 2. (2 pts) Define systole and diastole. Which heart chambers are usually referenced when these terms are used? Systole is the contraction while Diastole is the relax state of the muscle. They are referenced with the ventricles. Systole is the amount of blood after contraction and diastole is the amount of blood after relaxation inside the ventricles. 3. (4 pts) In an infant, what is ductus arteriosus? What...
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...There are two parts to the pumping action of the heart. The first part is called diastole, when blood collects in the lower heart chambers (right and left ventricles) as it is pushed through the tricuspid and mitral valves. Once the ventricles are filled with blood, the second part of the pumping action begins. The ventricles contract and blood is pushed from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and from the left ventricle into the aortic valves. This part is called systole. Diastolic dysfunction Diastolic dysfunction refers to when the diastole part of this action is abnormal. The ventricles do not properly relax and become stiff meaning they cannot fill with blood properly. This causes blood to “dam up” in other parts of the body. Pressure in the ventricles increases as blood from the next heartbeat tries to enter. This leads to extra pressure and fluid building up in the vessels of the lungs (referred to as pulmonary congestion) or in the vessels that lead back to the heart (referred to as systemic congestion). Pulmonary congestion causes fluid or transudate to leak from these vessels into the lung alveoli, causing pulmonary edema. This condition impairs oxygenation of blood in the lungs, causing shortness of breath and even death if the condition is not detected and treated promptly. The systemic congestion has detrimental effects on other organs in the body such as the kidney and liver, as a result of poor organ perfusion. Swelling and congestion may also occur...
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