1. Describe the role of Franz Mesmer, James Braid, Sigmund Freud, and Milton Erickson had on the history and development of hypnosis. (40 points) – Franz Mesmer was the student of Maximilian Hehl, from whom he learned the practice of using magnets to heal people. Mesmer, being a young energetic doctor, took the magnets back to Vienna for use at his own practice. During his time blood letting was considered an effective form of treatment so after doing his initial cut he would wave the magnets over the cut to stop the bleeding. He later found that without the magnets he could produce the same results by having his hand or a stick over the incision. What was deemed to have occurred was that the waving of the hand was a nonverbal suggestion, all of which was a part of hypnosis. James Braid, a young surgeon from London was introduced to the techniques used by Mesmer. At this time referred to mesmerism. While watching a live demonstration Braid deduced that the waving of the hands over the eyes caused a trance which led to hypnosis. Instead of believing in the energy transfer or the Animal magnetism that Mesmer spoke of, he called this state of trance neuro-hypnosis. James Braid wrote the first book on hypnosis in 1843. It was called Neurypnology. In this book he pointed out that it is the fixation on a single point or single idea that causes hypnosis to occur. Though Braid tried to coin other terms for hypnosis, hypnosis was the one that has stood the test of time. Sigmund Freud attended the Nancy School with Liebault and Bernheim. Freud being a now very famous psychologist his past actions are studied all the time. Freud initially used hypnosis at his practice. After an incident where a young woman jumped up and kissed him during a hypnotherapy session Freud declared that hypnosis was too volatile to use. This is what was said publically. But the history