...profitability of banks that belongs to two different sectors: a) Islamic Banks (IBs) and b) Traditional Banks (TBs). The study concentrates on the pre and post 2008 financial crisis with an aim to test if there are any significant differences in performance between the two sectors. The study applies the MANOVA techniques to analyze the financial secondary data for only publicly traded banks in the same region. The findings of the study show that there is a significant difference between the two sectors in 2007 and 2009 and there are no significant differences in 2008, which indicates the effect of the crisis on both sectors. IBs outperform TBs in 2007 and TBs outperform IBs in 2009. This result indicates the spread of the crisis to the real economy where IBs usually operate. INTRODUCTION Forty years ago Islamic Finance was virtually an unknown system; interestingly it has expanded to become a distinctive and fast growing segment of the International Financials markets. With a growth rate that ranges from 15% to 20% (EL- Qoroshy 2005). Islamic Finance in general and Islamic banking in specific become main players in the financial world. According to the IMF survey (2010) the total capital managed under Islamic Finance systems was estimated to be $820 billion at the end of 2008. More than 200 Islamic Banks operate in over than 70 countries concentrated in the MENA region and many western countries (Hassan & lewis, 2007). Obviously, the Islamic Banking sector attracts more attention...
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...Aggarwal ABSTRACT This chapter explores how scholarly work in the fields of Finance and International Business (IB) can be mutually supportive. First, it is clear that technology has been a major driver of modern developments in both Finance and IB. Second, Finance can provide many insights into IB scholarship since it has much to say about firm operations and strategy. Third, IB scholarship with its focus on culture also provides significant opportunities for a better understanding of the global aspects of Finance. Finally, it is contended that transaction-costs economics provides an excellent theoretical and fundamental basis for bringing together IB concepts and Finance scholarship. However, while the potential for Finance and IB scholarship to contribute to each other is great, such advances must await the removal of cultural barriers between the two disciplines. INTRODUCTION The field of IB generally focuses on inter-national business, that is, business across national boundaries and, thus, in diverse institutional and cultural International Business Scholarship: AIB Fellows on the First 50 Years and Beyond Research in Global Strategic Management, Volume 14, 115–138 Copyright r 2008 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 1064-4857/doi:10.1016/S1064-4857(08)00001-6 115 116 RAJ AGGARWAL settings. Consequently, IB deals...
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...flow of summary points. Conclusion effectively summarises the report gives specific, feasible recommendations. Smooth flow of summary points. Conclusion is recognisable and ties up almost all loose ends and gives a recommendation. Fairly smooth flow of summary points. Conclusion does not effectively summarise main points and contains no recommendations. Choppy flow of summary points. PA-NN (0-5) The company, product and target country background information is unclear, too general or not related to the topic. PA-NN (0-20) Analysis characterised by generalisations and statements of the obvious. Also, a reliance on narration or description rather than analysis. Little IB theory applied. Analytical tools and economic indicators were missing or used in a superficial manner. Entry mode is unrealistic, not well-planned and undeveloped. PA-NN (0-5) Financial projections were missing. PA-NN (0-5) Some information collected that relates to the task. Mark/10 Mark/40 Mark/10 HD (8) Contains detailed, relevant company, product and target country background information. DI (7) Contains all main important details...
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...1.1 Introduction Industrialized Building System (IBS) is the phrase used by the industry and government in Malaysia which stand for the adoption of construction industry and the use of prefabrication of components in building construction. IBS is defined as a construction technique in which components are manufactured in a controlled environment (on or off site), transported, positioned and assembled into a structure with minimal additional site work [1-4]. It consists of precast component systems, fabricated steel structures, innovative mould systems, modular block systems and prefabricated timber structures as construction components [3]. Parts of the building that are repetitive but difficult and too time consuming and labor intensive to be casted onsite – are designed and detailed as standardized components at the factory and are then brought to the site to be assembled [3]. The onsite casting activities in IBS utilize innovative and clean mould technologies [1-3]. The construction industry has started to embrace IBS as a method of attaining better construction quality and productivity, reducing risks related to occupational safety and health, alleviating issues for skilled workers and dependency on manual foreign labor, and achieving the ultimate goal of reducing the overall cost of construction. Apart from this, it offers minimal...
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...Globalization and location choice: an analysis of US multinational firms in 1980 and 2000 SOURCE: Journal of International Business Studies v38 no7 p1187-210 D 2007 COPYRIGHT: The magazine publisher is the copyright holder of this article and it is reproduced with permission. Further reproduction of this article in violation of the copyright is prohibited. To contact the publisher: http://www.jibs.net/ In this paper we examine foreign location choices of the top 100 US multinational corporations (MNCs) in 1980 and 2000. We first ask whether there has been a change in MNC foreign location choice in this two-decade period. Second, we explore the underlying reasons of location change by focusing on country-level factors, accounting for firm-, industry — and regional-level explanations. Our findings suggest, first, that the extent of MNCs’ activities around the globe is more extensive than assumed by regionalists’ arguments and well beyond Ohmae’s TRIAD, but still less widespread than claimed by the globalists — the two main traditions within the globalizationregionalization debate. Second, we uncover an interesting de-location pattern in this period. Third, we develop an integrative framework where both economic and institutional-cultural arguments are shown to influence MNCs’ foreign location choice in different ways. We conclude with a discussion of our findings, and provide suggestions for future research. Keywords: MNC foreign location choice; host country factors; global strategy; regional...
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...international valueadded chains. Based on a model oi business political behavior, various propositions are developed regarding the interactions among firm, industry, and nonmarket factors as well as the impact they have on various forms and intensities of political behavior, as affected by strategic objectives. Finally, the sfrategic-theorizing implications of such behavior are discussed in the context of the recent emphasis on resource-based models of strategy management. Research in international business (IB) is much more infused with a consideration of political factors than its domestic counterpart. Authors of IB studies have constantly mentioned and even emphasized government as a variable, rather than a constant or given, because international firms (exporters, importers, licensors, foreign direct investors, etc.) operate under a great variety of evolving political regimes that have an impact on these firms' entry, operation, and exit. When IB topics were first researched in a policy-oriented manner, Fayerweather (1969) stressed "the accommodation of interests and the resolution of conflict" between international firms and political actors at home and abroad as one of the four key decision areas in this policy field—besides those concerning the transmission of resources, relations with host societies, and the handling of fragmentation and unification in multicountry operations. Related managerial treatments of international political factors and...
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...iosrjournals.org Performance Evaluation of the Banking Industry in Bangladesh: A Comparative Analysis K. M. Anwarul Islam1 1 (Department of Business Administration, The Millennium University, Bangladesh) ABSTRACT : The main focus of this research is to show comparison about the performance of Banks operating in Bangladesh. For this analysis we have used some most commonly used measures such as general business measures, profitability measures, management soundness measures and social profitability measures. Though, both conventional & Islamic banking have enormous contribution to the economy they have two major functional differences. First one is that where as the conventional banks follow borrowing and lending mechanism, the Islamic banks follow trading and investment mechanism and neither accept nor pays interest in any of its activities. And the other is conventional bank provide & receive interest for deposit & advance but Islamic banks are concerned with profit in case of both deposit and investment. For performance comparison both financial profitability & social profitability aspect of performance have been taken into consideration. The study shows that in spite of a few exceptions in general Islamic banks’ overall performance was better than the conventional banks. At the end, some lines of actions were mentioned to make necessary improvements. Keywords -FCBs, IBs, PCBs, SBs, SCBs I. INTRODUCTION Banks play very important roles in the economy life of...
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...International Business Verspreiden niet toegestaan | Gedownload door: Dorien De Vries | ID: 118424 INTRO TO IB KEY WORDS AND CONCEPTS Conceptual Foundations of International Business Strategy 1. Internationally transferable FSAs . Tacit knowledge = personal knowledge MNE’s heritage=key routines developed by the firm since its inception. 4 archetypes of administrative heritage: • Centralized exporter=only exporting the standardized product, no activity in host country. • International projector=FSAs from home country copied, no development of new ones. • International coordinator=different parts of the production process in different countries. • Multi-centered MNE=does everything(produce, sell, etc.) in the host country. 2. Non-transferable or location bound FSAs. 4 types of non-transferable FSAs: • Stand-alone resources=linked to location advantages. Such as certain immobile markets. • Other resources=such as local marketing knowledge, don’t have same value abroad. • Local best practices=routines which are highly effective at home, not the same abroad. • Recombination capabilities=taking FSAs/products from home and adapt it to host country. 3. Location advantages. !Strengths of a location, useable for all the firm’s operations in that location. !The reason why an MNE should go there. Foreign direct investment(FDI)=the allocation of resource bundles by an MNE in a host country with the purpose of performing business activities over which MNE contains strategic control. 4 motivations...
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...in countries like India provides an opportunity to revisit and carefully construct theories of how firms internationalize—a topic on which extant theory is weak. Indian firms are “infant MNEs,” unlike Western firms that are “mature MNEs.” Indian firms are also internationalizing in a very different global context, and can do so on the basis of different competitive advantages, than MNEs that came before. Finally, research on Indian MNEs can help identify generic strategies for internationalization, examples of which are provided in the article. By pursuing the lines of inquiry proposed, research on Indian MNEs can contribute not just to better local practice but also to broader theory building about early-stage internationalization. Ravi Ramamurti is CBA Distinguished Professor of International Business and Director, Centre for Emerging Markets, at Northeastern University, USA. E- mail r.ramamurti@neu.edu. This essay draws heavily on the author’s two papers (“Why Study Emerging-market Multinationals?” and “What Have We Learned about Emerging –market Multinationals?”) in Ravi Ramamurti & Jitendra V. Singh (eds.) (2009), Emerging Multinationals in Emerging Markets, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Research on Internationalization of Indian Firms Research on India’s emerging multinational enterprises (MNEs) may be intrinsically rewarding for India specialists, but to interest the broader community of international business (IB) scholars, it must contribute to IB theory...
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...ECONOMIC POLICIES (ECO 128) Spring, 2012 Assessment schedule Final mark: 100 % Coursework = term project The term project is to describe and analyse a real world application of economic policy in a selected country. The main topic suggested is the policy actions implemented to mitigate the local consequences of the worldwide financial/liquidity crises but any other policy issue covered during the semester may provide material for this term project. The project shall result in a short (2000 words) but formal academic paper. The paper shall meet all the formal requirements set for academic papers and taught here at IBS in different modules. Students may work in small teams (of at most 2) on collecting relevant information and the description of the situation but shall produce the analyses part individually on complementary (not identical) aspects. The individual sections shall differ from each other in focus and content. Ownership of the individual sections must be indicated clearly. The length of group projects shall be 3000 words. Deadline: (week 14) 24 May 2012, Thursday, 14:00 Room 221 pbrczy@ibs-b.hu The final paper must be word processed and submitted on paper and electronically as well! The submission is incomplete unless both copies are received. Incomplete submissions will not be marked at all (shall receive a mark of 0). Late submissions (max. 1 week) will be charged a -15% penalty. The project can be completed by an in-class presentation. Volunteers...
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...e 2/4/2014 | 1 Comparative Country Studies (CCS) BSc IB - EBB686A05 International Business Lecturers: Henk Ritsema, coordinator Abdul Erumban Huib Stek 2/4/2014 | 2 Overview › › › › Introduction Course format Course plan Literature / Individual assignment › About Comparing Countries 1 2/4/2014 | 3 Introduction › The goals of this course are: 1. To develop and apply analytical skills to understand socio-economic differences between countries; 2. To assess how these differences impact the climate for doing business across countries. Theory and Application 2/4/2014 | 4 Course format › Tutorials (with student teams): • Theory tutorials (TT) • Application tutorials (AT) › Combining theory with application country Factbook • • • • Tools/Methods Application of tools Comparative analysis Recommendation › Industry perspective 2 2/4/2014 | 5 Assignments and Grading/Feedback › Team assignments (70%) & Individual assignment (30%) › Team assignments: • Paper on / synopsis of materials of Theory tutorials (30%) • Factbook grade (40%) › All assignments: minimum of 5 › Overall: minimum of 5.5 › Participation / performance as presenters, reviewers or chair (+/- 1 grade point on team assignments) › Are you allowed to take this course? Propaedeutics or positive BSA › Passing 2nd year courses but failing 1st year courses leads to removal from the program 2/4/2014 | 6 First Application tutorial (starting tomorrow) › Each team...
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...IB 2-4 Tasks 1-2 Week 1 Jones: Chapter 2 – Basic Challenges of Organizational Design Differentiation - differentiation = process by which an organization allocates people and resources to organizational tasks and establishes the task and authority relationships that allow the organization to achieve its goals à process of establishing and controlling the division of labor/the degree of specialization o necessary because of increased complexity with growth Organizational roles - - organizational role = set of task-related behaviors required of a person by his or her position in an organization à identifiable tasks and responsibilities allow for accountability o organization structure is based on interlocking roles authority = power to hold people accountable for their actions and to make decisions concerning the use of organizational resources à results from differentiation into individual organizational roles control = ability to coordinate and motivate people to work in the organization’s interests Subunits: Functions and Divisions - - function = subunit composed of a group of people, working together, who possess similar skills or use the same kind of knowledge, tools or techniques to perform their jobs à as organizations grow, they differentiate into 5 different kinds of functions: o support functions – facilitate control of relations with environment and stakeholders (purchasing, sales & marketing, public relations, legal affairs) ...
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...Lena Cavusoglu J. Mack Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University Master in International Business IB 8090 - International Business Environment Essay Exam # 1 Email: lcavusoglu1@student.gsu.edu 1. GDP per capita as an indicator: What are the limitations of this statistic in the context of emerging markets? GDP per capita is often used as an approximation of a country's prosperity. However, this approximation excludes significant factors such as the distribution of income, home production, underground economy, and social cost of production, in making a decision on the well-being of a country's inhabitants. First, emerging markets generally have an unbalanced distribution of income. There may be significant gaps in income between various groups of the society. In such markets, GDP per capita is a misleading indicator of the economic situation because a wealthy minority may hold a large share of GDP. GDP per capita might underestimate the fraction of society who has an income below the poverty threshold. Furthermore, the inequality in income distribution gives rise to a higher rate of increase in underground economy, which may make up a large fraction of GDP generated in a country. Consequently, many places have a higher GDP than what is reported. Second, there is a large domestic production in developing countries such as Turkey, which is not calculated in GDP since these products are not sold on the market. Homegrown vegetables and knit clothing are examples...
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...In general terms, the business activity of accepting and safeguarding money owned by other individuals and entities, and then lending out this money in order to earn a profit is called banking. Money is normally lent out for a charge called interest. However, with the passage of time, the activities covered by banking business have widened and now various other services are also offered by banks. The banking services these days include issuance of debit and credit cards, providing safe custody of valuable items, lockers, ATM services and online transfer of funds across the country / world. However, with the passage of time, the activities covered by banking business have widened and now various other services are also offered by banks. The banking services these days include issuance of debit and credit cards, providing safe custody of valuable items, lockers, ATM services and online transfer of funds across the country / world. It is well said that banking plays a silent, yet crucial part in our day-to-day lives. The banks perform...
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...45 2014 January International Business Studies and the Imperative of Context. Exploring the ‘Black Whole’ in Institutional Theory Michael Jakobsen ©Copyright is held by the author or authors of each Discussion Paper. Copenhagen Discussion Papers cannot be republished, reprinted, or reproduced in any format without the permission of the paper's author or authors. Note: The views expressed in each paper are those of the author or authors of the paper. They do not represent the views of the Asia Research Centre or Copenhagen Business School. Editor of the Copenhagen Discussion Papers: Associate Professor Michael Jacobsen Asia Research Centre Copenhagen Business School Porcelænshaven 24 DK-2000 Frederiksberg Denmark Tel.: (+45) 3815 3396 Email: mj.int@cbs.dk www.cbs.dk/arc International Business Studies and the Imperative of Context. Exploring the ‘Black Whole’ in Institutional Theory Michael Jakobsen Associate Professor Asia Research Centre Copenhagen Business School mj.int@cbs.dk Abstract The aim of this article is to take a critical look at how to perceive informal institutions within institutional theory. Douglas North in his early works on institutional theory divided the national institutional framework into two main categories, formal and informal institution or constraints as he called them. The formal constraints consisted of political rules, judicial decisions and economic contracts, whereas informal constraints consisted of socially sanctioned norms...
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