...Definition: An Osgood-Schlatter lesion involves pain and swelling in the small bump of bone on the front of the tibia (shinbone), right below the kneecap. It occurs in children and adolescents. The problem affects the area where bone growth occurs. Too much stress on the growing bone causes the pain and swelling. The pain often worsens with activity and eases with rest. Fortunately, the condition is not serious. It is usually only temporary. –By eorthopod.com Alternative Names: Osteochondrosis –By MedlinePlus Causes, Incidence, and Rick factors: During activities that involve a lot of running, jumping and bending — such as soccer, basketball, volleyball and ballet — your child's thigh muscles (quadriceps) pull on the tendon that connects the kneecap to the shinbone. This repeated stress can cause the tendon to pull away from the shinbone a bit, resulting in the pain and swelling. –By MayoClinic The condition is the most frequent cause of knee pain in children between the ages of 10 and 15. The problem used to happen mostly in boys. But with more girls playing sports, boys and girls are now affected equally. Because girls' skeletons begin to mature earlier than boys, girls tend to have this condition when they are one to two years younger than boys. Kids who play sports have this condition 20 percent more often than nonathletes. –By eorthopod Age: Osgood-Schlatter disease occurs during puberty's growth spurts. Sex: More common in boys (13-14). Girls (11-12). Sports: The condition...
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...Aleve Market Plan XXXXXXXXX BUS 620 Managerial Marketing XXXXXXXXX xxxxxx Aleve Market Plan * Executive Summary of Marketing Plan Aleve All day strong. All day long Bayer Consumer Care manufactures parent company Bayer's line of over-the-counter drugs and nutritional supplements. One of the largest manufacturers of OTC drugs in the world, the division has production facilities in Europe, North America, Latin America, and Asia and sells its products in over 100 countries at pharmacies and other retail outlets (Law, Bayer AG, 2012). This market plan is to establish how Bayer Consumer Care, the manufacturers of Aleve intend to capitalize on the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) market as drugmakers scramble to grab Vioxx's and Bextra’s multi-billion-dollar share of the arthritis and pain-relief market. Aleve is used to treat pain or inflammation caused by conditions such as arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tendinitis, bursitis, gout, or menstrual cramps (Cerner Multum, Inc., 1996-2012). * Company Overview Take two Aspirin ... and maybe some Alka-Seltzer antacid and One-a-Day vitamins to be on the safe side. Bayer Consumer Care manufactures parent company Bayer's line of over-the-counter drugs and nutritional supplements. Its products include analgesics, cough and cold medicines, dermatology care, and gastrointestinal remedies. One of the largest manufacturers of OTC drugs in the world, the division has production facilities in Europe, North...
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...1. Why are drugs classified in the categories they are? Drugs are classified by the area the drug effects or its particular effect on the body. For example, if an individual has a headache they typically use one of two things, either a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) or a vasodilator. Ibuprofen is a NSAID and is used to treat inflammation, which could be a cause of a headache. Aspirin, however, is a vasodilator and is used to open the blood vessels to allow more blood and oxygen to get to the brain. 2. Give a description of the actions of drugs in each category. Cardiac Medications – These drugs are used to stabilize the heartbeat or used to lower and control high blood pressure. Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet, and Thrombolytic Medications – These drugs are used to thin the blood apart to break up and prevent blood clots. Analgesic Medications – These drugs are used as pain relievers and most are over-the-counter drugs. Antihistamines and Endocrine Medications – Antihistamines are used to block the immune system response in allergic reactions, such as hives and swelling. Endocrine drugs include insulin, which lowers blood sugar, or glucagon, which raises blood sugar. CNS Medications – These medications are used to control problems with the brain, generally mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, or other mental disorders. Anti-Infective Agents – These medications are known as antibiotics, which are used to fight infections caused by bacteria. Viruses cannot...
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...Prevention of Breast Cancer Abstract Background Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American women according to the National Cancer Institute. Breast cancer research has found no cure and treatments vary in effectiveness. Objectives This paper will review some of the various conventional and natural prevention methods of breast cancer and evaluate the effectiveness and risks of each. Methods/Design Published studies on early detection , non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical activity and diet were reviewed. Opposing studies and risks of each were also sought and reviewed. Major Findings All methods were found to have a positive effect on reducing the risk of breast cancer except for early detection. All methods were also found to have a negative effect on breast cancer risk or have risks of other health problems except for physical activity and thermography. Conclusion Studies show that early detection does not prevent breast cancer and moderate physical activity can reduce the risk of breast cancer. All other methods have conflicting studies . Early Detection: Early detection is the most recommend method for the prevention of breast cancer, however it does not prevent breast cancer but studies show it can reduce the death rate of breast cancer. Mammography the most used and accurate form of non-evasive early detection will be examined in this paper as well as thermography, a new alternative to mammogram screenings. ...
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...your bathroom cabinet to retrieve some medicine, and in front of you sit Motrin, Tylenol, and Bayer. Which do you choose? What will eliminate all of your symptoms? What is the safest OTC pain reliever that you can take? These are just a few of the questions you may have when deciding which OTC pain reliever is the right choice for you. Although, Motrin, Tylenol, and Bayer serve similar purposes, there are many differences in each drug that makes them affect your body differently, including active ingredients, dosages, and side effects. Motrin is a general use pain reliever and fever reducer. This drug is intended to relieve fever, minor aches and pains throughout the body, as well as headache pain. The active ingredient in Motrin is Ibuprofen. This pain reliever is taken orally, and comes in several different forms. The original form is a tablet, but there have been other forms introduced such as the capsule, and gel capsule. It is recommended that this drug not be taken on any empty stomach to avoid the common side effects, which are gastrointestinal. Stomach aches, nausea and vomiting, and cramps are among the most common of these. The price of this drug is low to moderate, and can be found in generic forms. It is a very accessible pain reliever, and is available in 400, 600, and 800mg tablets (Study, 1984, 213). A stronger dose can be obtained...
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...Splinters / Foreign Objects in the Body You can usually safely remove a small foreign object ,such as a wood splinter, thorn, fiberglass or glass that's just under the surface of the skin: • Wash your hands and clean the area well with soap and water. • Use tweezers cleaned with rubbing alcohol to remove the object. A magnifying glass may help you see better. • If the object is under the surface of the skin, sterilize a clean, sharp needle by wiping it with rubbing alcohol. Use the needle to gently lift or break the skin over the object. Lift the tip of the object out and grasp it with your tweezers. • Squeeze the wound gently to allow bleeding to wash out germs. • Wash the area again and pat dry. Apply an antibiotic ointment. Lacerations (Cuts) * Wash your hands. This helps avoid infection. Also put on disposable protective gloves if they're available. Stop the bleeding. Minor cuts and scrapes usually stop bleeding on their own. If not, apply gentle pressure with a sterile bandage or clean cloth and elevate the wound. * Clean the wound. Use clear water to rinse the wound. Keep soap out of the wound, as it can cause irritation. If dirt or debris remains in the wound after washing, use tweezers cleaned with alcohol to remove the particles. * Apply an antibiotic. Apply a thin layer of an antibiotic cream or ointment to help keep the surface moist. These products don't make the wound heal faster. But they...
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...PCP, also known as “Angel Dust, Amoeba, Amp, Belladonna, Zoom, Peace Pills…” ("PCP | CESAR") is a white crystalline powder that was first commercially manufactured by “Parke, Davis and Company under the trade name Sernyl for use as a general anesthetic for humans in the 1950's” ("PCP | CESAR"). In 1965, repeated reports of patients experiencing delusions, hallucinations, and feeling detached from their bodies stopped production and illegalized use in humans. However, it continued to be used as an animal tranquilizer. Due to its anesthetic properties, this drug is Schedule II. CHECKPOINT Ketamine, also known as Special K, Vitamin K, K, Super K, Ketaset, or Jet was first developed and sold as a strong anesthetic in 1962. It was quickly processed and approved by the FDA as it proved to be extremely helpful to those injured at war. Throughout the ‘70s and ‘80s, Ketamine’s abuse potential shot through the roof. People with “open minds” liked to snort or inject themselves with it to disassociate—or fall into a K-hole. Ketamine, unlike other drugs in its class can develop a tolerance and forms of dependence. After a period of abuse, the participant may not get the dissociative effects that they were able to achieve when first using. CHECKPOINT PCP has the most narrow margin of safety within this category, with effects appearing after only a few minutes and a half-life of five hours. LSD is the most potent of the category and has the longest half-life averaging around ten hours. Next...
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...Indomethacin is a non- steroidal anti inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used commonly as a prescribed treatment for inflammatory disorders, as well as relieve pain. its main uses include relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and ankylosing spondylitis. These symptoms include stiffness, edema, joint pain, etc. Providers can also prescribe indomethacin to relieve mild to moderate pain in a place of acetaminophen or aspirin. Indomethacin works primarily within the endocrine system. When part of the body is injured or infected, a specific group of lipids called prostaglandins take action to maintain homeostasis and initiate the inflammatory response system. Swelling occurs, and usually pain and stiffness also appear in conjunction. The main role of the NSAIDs is to prevent or reduce swelling, while the way that they work is often different. In this case, indomethacin prevents the synthesis of the prostaglandin lipids, thereby preventing the initiation or the continuation of inflammation. Since arthritis is essentially the selling of the joints and can even lead to the destruction of the cartilage and bone in that area, this drug is particularly effective. It can also be used to treat symptoms of bursitis and tendonitis. There are many contradictions for taking Indomethacin. Before a provider prescribes this drug, they should carefully consider the patients current condition. if the patient is alcohol intolerant, or are sensitive to other NSAIDs, it is an...
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...Datril Case This case deals with the market penetration and positioning of Bristol-Myers’s new analgesic called Datril in 1975. This new drug Datril is classified as containing acetaminophen and therefore entering the market of pain relievers such as Aspirin, Excedrin and Tylenol. Aspirins and aspirin compounds dominated the market of pain relievers in the beginning of the 1970s, but in 1972 the sales of acetaminophen or “nonaspirin” products began to increase. This sudden increase was caused by rising consumer awareness of aspirin’s harsh side effects. Bristol-Myers saw the growing market of acetaminophen drugs as an opportunity to develop their own acetaminophen despite the major competitor involved. At the time, Tylenol was the only widely sold nonprescription acetaminophen product on the market and established about 8 percent of the market. In 1974 Tylenol was on the shelves of 90 percent food outlets and 98 percent of drug outlets. Consequently, when Bristol-Myers began their study for their potential new product, they started with conducting focus-group sessions with Tylenol users to get their opinions about a possible new acetaminophen product. The results of these sessions left Bristol-Myers executives confident about developing their own acetaminophen product. The largest question that remained was how they were going to market their new product to gain consumer interest. I believe the best approach when first entering Datril into the market would be to price it...
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...tendon, the cord-like tissue that joins the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shinbone). Signs/Symptoms: * Initially be present only as you begin physical activity or just after an intense workout * Progress to the point that it interferes with your sports performance * Eventually may also interfere with daily tasks like climbing stairs Management/Treatment: * If you are experiencing knee pain self-care measures first, like icing the irritated area and temporarily avoiding activities that affect your symptoms * See a doctor if the pain worsens, it interferes with your ability to perform daily routine activities, it is associated with swelling or redness about the joint * Medication- pain relievers, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others) or naproxen (Aleve, others) may provide short-term relief. * Therapy- therapy techniques can help reduce the pain. * Stretching Exercises * Strengthening Exercises * Patellar Tendon Strap * IontoPhoresis * Surgery and other procedures * Corticosteroid Injection * Platelet-rich plasma injection * Surgery Causes: Overused injury (when repeated movements cause tissue damage or irritation to a particular area of the body). Risk Factors: * A combination of factors may contribute to the development of patellar tendonitis, such as: * Intensity and frequency of physical activity. * Repeated jumping. * Tight leg muscles * Reduced flexibility...
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...What happened In OCTOBER 1982, Johnson & Johnson's Tylenol medication commanded 35 per cent of the US over-the-counter analgesic market - representing something like 15 per cent of the company's profits. Unfortunately, at that point one individual succeeded in lacing the drug with cyanide. Seven people died as a result, and a widespread panic ensued about how widespread the contamination might be. By the end of the episode, everyone knew that Tylenol was associated with the scare. The company's market value fell by $1bn as a result. When the same situation happened in 1986, the company had learned its lessons well. It acted quickly - ordering that Tylenol should be recalled from every outlet - not just those in the state where it had been tampered with. Not only that, but the company decided the product would not be re-established on the shelves until something had been done to provide better product protection. As a result, Johnson & Johnson developed the tamperproof packaging that would make it much more difficult for a similar incident to occur in future. Cost and benefit The cost was a high one. In addition to the impact on the company's share price when the crisis first hit, the lost production and destroyed goods as a result of the recall were considerable. However, the company won praise for its quick and appropriate action. Having sidestepped the position others have found themselves in - of having been slow to act in the face of consumer concern - they...
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...Introducing Aleve Plus BUS620 Managerial Marketing Instructor: Dr. Mary Wright July 30, 2012 Introducing Aleve Plus NSAIDs have become a major source of interest for consumers, especially those individuals who suffer from long – term pain. Several NSAID pharmaceuticals have been discontinued, for example Vioxx and Bextra. These products and others related to them are responsible for over 16,500 deaths annually in the United States alone. The side effects of NSAIDs are kidney and liver damage, blood disorders, heart attacks, strokes, hypertension, bleeding ulcers and serious interactions with other drugs. (Washington Post) It is imperative that researchers of Bayer find a solution for this problem that will ease the concerns of the consumer, as well as boost sales for Bayer. 1. Company Overview: Bayer was founded in 1863 in Barmen Germany by Friedrich Bayer and Friedrich Weskott. Today, Bayer currently ranks among the top consumer healthcare organizations world wide, and its mission statement is to provide quality healthcare products to their consumers. Bayer exists to attract and retain customers. Bayer is a global enterprise with core competencies in the fields of health care, nutrition, and high tech materials. As an inventor organization it sets a general direction of movement in research – intensive areas...
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...Alejandra Chiu Organic Chemistry I Professor Serafin Acetaminophen Acetaminophen is chemically named N-acetyl-p-aminophenol. Acetaminophen is an analgesic usually use as pain reliever and fever reducer. Acetaminophen is a major ingredient for medicine for flu and cold. Most of the people that have headaches or minor pain, they take acetaminophen because it relieves pain. The molecular formula for acetaminophen is C8H9NO2. The physical properties of acetaminophen is eight carbon atoms, nine hydrogen atoms, one nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. Acetaminophen molecular weight it is approximately 151.17 g/mol. Acetaminophen is a stable and unreactive to most of the chemicals. Acetaminophen binds to cyclooxygenases molecules. Cyclooxygenases are responsible for several functions such as the production of prostaglandins which leads to inflammation. Acetaminophen increases the concentrations of natural pain reduce in the nerve joints. Normally, people use acetaminophen for a common cold, headache, backache, toothache. They also use it when someone has a small fever, any muscular pain in the body. Acetaminophen is made in the laboratory. Acetaminophen is prepared in a three sequence steps in laboratory. This is how acetaminophen is made by nitrating phenol with sodium nitrate putting apart or separating the p-nitrophenol from the by product then reducing the nitro group with sodium borohydride. At the end the amine is acetylated to acetic anhydride. Making acetaminophen can be...
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...Pain Medications: The Way We Cope All of us have lived with pain sometime in our lives. We would all like to have a magic pill to take all the pain away, but in modern medicine there isn’t anything like that. There are several different types of medication that can help. Depending on the pain severity, medications vary from your nonnarcotic analgesic drugs which include (salicylate analgesic drugs, nonsalicylate analgesic drugs, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and narcotic analgesic drugs. In the following paragraphs I am going to explain the pain medication I am on for my Rheumatoid Arthritis which is Tramadol. Another name for it is Ultram and it falls under the category of a nonsalicylate analgesic drug. When you are in pain, the one thing you want is the relief to be fast. Tramadol delivers. It has been on the market for years, offering fast relief to moderate to severe pain. How come it is so effective? It is because it is a synthetic form of the more powerful opiate drugs. This gives you most of the pain relief without the side effects. Tramadol works by having your body change the way it senses pain. It does this by inhibiting your neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin, while it also “activates narcotic receptors in the brain and spinal cord to relieve pain.” (Turley, 2010) Tramadol binds to opioid receptors in the brain, which are receptors that transmit the sensation of pain throughout the body. My Rheumatologist started me on 50mg...
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...University of Phoenix Material Health Care Marketing Information Matrix There are a variety of information sources that may be used by consumers to obtain information relating to the marketing of health care products and services. The following matrix is intended to assist you in organizing the information contained in these sources. Consider the types of marketing messages that these information sources may contain and the reliability of the marketing message. Following the provided example, identify three examples of your own. |Source of Health Information |Type of Health-Related |Marketing Messages |How the Consumer May Assess the Accuracy or | | |Information | |Reliability of the Marketing Messages | |List the information source, such as Internet websites, WebMD, MedLine, or the news media. |Type of information |List at least one |List one approach the consumer may use to | | |provided by the source |marketing message being |verify the accuracy of the marketing message.| | | ...
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