...The concept of ideology within the media is an arguably complicated term with numerous definitions depending on the context in which it is used. In everyday language, it can often be used as an insult to charge someone with being ‘ideological’, this label accusing individuals of sticking to their beliefs regardless of hard evidence showing otherwise. When the followers of Karl Marx speak of ideology, they often mean ‘the belief systems that help to justify the actions of those in power by distorting and misrepresenting power’ (Croteau 2010, p. 159). However, in this literature review, the implication of the term ‘Ideology’ will be defined by Associate Professor of Communication at Indiana University, Illana Gershon, as “a set of beliefs about communicative technologies with which users and designers explain perceived media structure and meaning” (2010, p. 3) Gershon expands upon this definition, explaining that ideologies are a set of beliefs that each person will compose in their own mind, mouldings people’s understandings regarding their use of technology and media. Ideologies, however, can also be shaped through the individual's use of media and interaction with others through them. Linda Kenix, Associate Professor of Social and Political Sciences notes, ‘When individuals' media ideologies differ, it can often lead to times in which tensions arise and can cause confusion, misunderstanding and eventually conflict between the individual users and the media community’ (2011...
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...Aspects of Interactivity, Hypertext and Hypermedia, and Social Media: Facebook, Friendster, Blogs and Second Orality, Construction of Reality and Multimedia and Ideology Synopsis Paper by: 2000-54307 ARADA, Blancaflor P. The Media Construction of Reality As I read this article, I remembered the Manila hostage crisis last August 23, 2010. Because Philippine media wanted to report factual details and information, the news network became too involved with the hostage crisis. Based on Wikipedia entry, “TV5 news anchor Erwin Tulfo remained in permanent contact with Mendoza, while superintendent Orlando Yebra and chief inspector Romeo Salvador led the negotiations. By this time, several major television channels in Manila and Hong Kong had replaced their programmes with non-stop live coverage of the hostage situation, and live footage became available worldwide. The news networks were allowed to film police activity, and as the bus was equipped with a television, the gunman was able to watch and find out what the police were doing, and was even able to find the locations of snipers” (Wikipedia, 2013). What made Mendoza snapped out was when his brother and son were taken away by the police in the live television coverage. This resulted to a failed hostage rescue attempt because eight (8) hostages were killed. It may be the Philippine National Police’s fault, or Mayor Alfredo Lim’s or Vice-Mayor Isko Moreno’s, or even President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III’s, but there is no doubt that...
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...Discuss the concepts of 'ideology' and 'discourse' in relation to the ways in which representation functions in media texts. You might like to do this in the context of representations of gender, sexuality, 'race', ethnicity, war, refugees or celebrity, for example. Your essay should include your own analysis of a media text that has not been discussed in detail in the lectures, required or additional readings, or in your other assessments. Representation is both the process and the product of media texts, in terms of sexuality in media these representations are shaped by ideologies; the way people think and interpret the word. In turn, different ideologies promote discourse and the discussion of ideas in relation to sexuality. In relation to specific media texts such as True Blood, there are several ideologies in the program, social, political and cultural which show a non-heteronormative view on sexuality. Ideologies are ways of thinking and how we interpret the world around us. It’s through ideology that representation in media text functions to reinforce the view of that particular school of thought. Representation can be through stereotype, strengthening sometimes negative views or typecasting those who are represented. Looking especially True Blood, vampires are being “re-presented” as the gay community which have to struggle and fight for equal rights(Dhaenens, 2013). The concept of Ideology, a way of thinking which impacts how you view and world and interact with people...
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...Derek Hillegas Sport Media Triad Research Write-Up 6/6/14 Michael Sam and his portrayal in the Media Introduction: The number of gay athletes that are starting to come out and announce that they are gay are increasing. Every time this happens it is a shock to people and the media gets a hold of this information and makes it known. Homosexual athletes will face challenges. Most locker rooms have a “don’t ask don’t tell” policy, and there are few openly gay male athletes in hyper masculine sports like American Football. Michael Sam became the first open gay player to enter the NFL draft and eventually would be selected in the draft by the St. Louis Rams. He announced he was gay back in February and ever since them he was the main focal point of the NFL up until the Draft. The main point of this paper is to take basic ideologies such as masculinity, violence, Race, Gender, sexuality or meritocracy, and use these ideologies to analyze how the media portrays Michael Sam. Another point that will be touched upon is how the news media and sport media have different ways of portraying Michael Sam in the media. Methods: The first thing I did to conduct my research was to find 10 media sources that were related to how the media portrayed Michael Sam. In these 10 media sources I was looking for different types of ideologies and how the media used these articles to describe Michael Sam. Once I found 10 media Articles I needed to find 2 more Academic articles. It was going to be hard...
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...its particular ideological perspective The television has been around us for centuries and it has become a major source of information to society. Spreading information amongst the people means spreading a particular kind of ideas. These ideas or beliefs provide people with a way of understanding the world and they are referred to as ‘ideology’. It is believed that the media is used to set certain ideology in society. Consequently, television, as a part of the media, has its own role in putting through these ideas. In this essay I am going to explain what ideology is and how it affects society through television. I am also going to give an example of creating particular ideological perspective using the American horror drama television series The Walking Dead (AMC, 2010) developed by Frank Darabont. Ideology, as I already mentioned, is a particular set of ideas. However, we call ‘ideological’ only the ideas that relate to the distribution of social power. (Branston, G. and Stafford, R., 2010, p. 172) There are different ideologies, such as religious, political, etc. and each of them imposes its own way of seeing the world. Yet, ‘ideology’ was first defined by classical Marxism. Karl Marx claimed that our society is capitalist, i.e. it is divided into two major groups: the dominant class (the richer/ bourgeoisie) and the working class (the poorer/proletariat). The higher class are the people with power, the people who own enterprises, the employers. On the contrary, the lower...
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... * Representation Of Race In Media * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Much of our perceptions of the world are based on narratives and the images that we see in film, television, radio, music, and other media. These are some of the outlets that construct how individuals see their social identities, as well as learn and understand about what it is to be black, white, Native American, Asian, South American, etc. (Dow, Wood, 2006, p. 297). You will get a better understanding of this once you understand the concept of ideologies. Ideologies are what create our perception of the world around us, whether it is political, social, economic, etc. Ideologies are not the product of individual intention or conscious, rather we create our intentions within ideology (Marris, Thornham, 2000, p. 267). These ideologies exist before we are even born; they form the social constructions and conditions that we are born into. But, ideologies are just a practice, and it is produced and reproduced in apparatus of ideological production. The media is a great example of an apparatus of ideological production (Marris, Thornham, 2000, p. 273). It produces social meanings and distributes them throughout society. However, as long as ideologies continue so will social struggles such as racism, which we will discuss in this essay. Media elites represent different races through media based on their ideologies. This has a predominant influence...
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...JOURNALISM JNL210 The way in which ideology is analysed can be followed back to the days of early Marxists. In translation ideology is said to be as old as history itself. The Marxists back in the days were in favour of the whole idea of having a revolution socially, which depended on the working class. They wanted the idea of having a social revolution not to be dependent on the rulers. In this day and age, ideology can now be seen as the structure of ones belief from a certain perspective. The main medium we use to communicate and our language determines how such a presentation takes place. As we go on in this essay, we will see that there are quite a number of linguistic features which enable the writer of story or text convince those reading about their point of view. With the help of ideology, we are able to produce values and meaning for a specified readership, and this is done mainly from repetition and the way points of view and interpretation are presented. Facts that are generally seen as complex are presented in a way that helps the viewpoint of the readership to be structured and also allows them to create versions of the world in a microspecific manner. The information given explicitly does not only influence the media contents of the audience but it also influences the absences. The term hegemony is used by Gramsci and he says that “…..the ruling He talks about how those that roledont only make ideology on others forceful but how they provide different...
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...forward to the biggest college basketball tournament of the year, most commonly known as March Madness. This competition consists of both men’s and women’s NCAA basketball teams who compete in hopes of making it to the respected and heavily televised Final Four. The Final Four is the last game for each remaining team before the National Championship game, where the two deserving teams are matched up against each other. This series of competition creates a rich supply of content for sports media networks to influence viewer’s values and attitudes. Networks have become increasingly knowledgeable and schematic in using sport entertainment as a way to promote their ideologies, values, commercialization and interpretations of sport. Studies have found that people turn to sports in the media for entertainment. The different forms of media are evolving and moving in a more prevalent direction than they have been in the past. With the explosive growth of internet users in the past decade, media companies have created a domain where they can input their interpretations of sporting events and coverage. These domains have become dominated by the 18-34-year-old demographic (Kian, Mondello & Vincent 2009) who use websites such as ESPN, the most widely used website for obtaining sports related news (Lefton, 2006 as cited in Battenfield, Redmond & Ridinger 2014), and Sports Illustrated to read about upcoming games, watch live coverage, or get the low down on games that have already happened...
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...PHSE 206: Sociology of sport Essay 2B: Media representation of sport and its connection on societal power. Sean Masters 9066415 DUE: Friday 3rd October, 2014. WORD COUNT: 1508 Society comes in many different forms. Individuals of society attempt to be seen as being more successful, powerful and dominant over others. This is closely followed with how sport is perceived, played and based around. A competitive nature to out think your opponent to attain glory as an individual, as a team or as a country. The popularity of the sporting culture and the impact it has on our lives, gives responsibility for the new sporting era with experiencing and filtering sport through media. Giving another whole diverse range of how we perceive not only sport but athletes and teams competing. Modern era sporting and recreational activities are important in the New Zealand sporting society. As young adolescents grow up building the basic fundamentals associated with sport and continue to do this as they get older. In the active New Zealand survey, key findings released that in 2007/2008 79% of New Zealanders once per week were physically active (NZ, 2008). New Zealand have always had a high abundance in individuals participating in sport, that can contribute to the significant creation of the media- sports complex in New Zealand (Falcous, 2005). For example, back in the 1970’S technology in media sport was just beginning but already a crucial component in broadcasting...
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...1. Stereotypes, narratives, ideologies and discourses are devices that, in different ways according to different theorists, fortify media power. Critically analyse how these devices work, according to various theorists, and reflect upon which best explains communicative power. The social construction of reality is mediated through the communicative powers of stereotypes, narratives, ideologies and discourses and the media is extremely powerful in communicating messages with these devices. It will be argued that discourses are the most powerful communicating device used by the media in the postindustrial era today. Furthermore as per Croteau & Hoynes (2014, p. 9), the analysis will focus on recognised mass media that is readily available in print, film, radio, television, sound recordings and the Internet. Poststructuralists within sociology examine the structures of society and human agency. Human agency or action is influenced by sociocultural factors such as ideology that shape human identity and act subconsciously over an individual. Ideology is the system of meaning that helps explain, define and make value judgments about the world (Croteau & Hoynes 2014, p. 152). As we live in an interconnected world there are many ideologies as there are social structures in any given society. Related to this is that dominant ideas are hegemonic. Marx created the superstructure, which is the domain of ideas for example religion, legal structures, family, institutions...
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...definition of ideology is crucial, due to the ideas of ideology changing as it encompasses many different concepts. One way to describe ideology is to think of it as being a shared system of values, beliefs and attitudes or a way that help enable individuals to understand their realities. Ideology can be portrayed as a system of attitude that helps us understand the world. Ideology does not belong to individuals but to social groups and in particular, larger capitalist political groups that shape the world in today’s society. Louis Althusser (1993) described ideology as an imaginary relationship of individuals to their real conditions of existence (Althusser 1993), explaining that it is more about people being profoundly...
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...Bunker, the use of social media and the promotion of the gang ideology is explored. What is a difficult task to undertake is gathering intelligence on the gang due to lack of exploration and collection. What is given in this article as well is how these internet sites are used primarily as a vehicle in promotion of the ideology. The article also delves into which sites are commonly used by these groups in terms of promotion and recruitment. Thesis/Argument In this article the thesis and main argument, is that the street gangs that have slipped under the radar largely due to the war on terror, have used similar social media networking...
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...position in society, and ideology is therefore seen very clearly as the ideas of particular social groups reflecting their interests. The Marxist view is most associated with the view that there is a dominant ideology in society. This is a set of ideas and beliefs held by the most powerful groups and, in particular, of the ruling class in society. Mannheim (1985 1936) generally associated the dominant ideology with the deliberate obscuring of facts in order to conceal the inequalities of capitalist society and to prevent existing patterns of inequality and the privileged position of the dominant class, and to prevent any social change that might threaten their interests. Althusser (1971) suggested the dominant ideology was spread through a series of ideological state apparatuses – social institutions like the family, the education system, the mass media, the and religion, which justified the power of the dominant social class. Gramsci (1971) further developed the Marxist view of ideology with his development of the concept of hegemony. Hegemony refers to process whereby the ruling class, through the dominant ideology, maintains its power by persuading other social classes, and particularly the working class, to adopt ruling-class ideology as part of their own beliefs and values, and therefore to consent to the rule of the dominant class rather than being forced to obey. An example of this is the way Marxists regard religion as part of the dominant ideology, establishing the hegemony...
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...social construction In my opinion, I feel that the news is a social construction as it is a product of various influences such as owners of the news, news values and dominant ideologies. Like Marxists, I feel that the audience see the media as a presentation of truthful facts but fail to recognize that the media owners alter the news in order to promote their ideologies. A way the media manipulates it’s audience is by the professionalism of the news readers as there body language is formal and are in a extremely controlled environment giving the impression there neutral to passive audiences. They also pose behind a desk which implies a authority like figure and associates them with excessive amounts of knowledge. As a result of this, the news readers appear to be impartial, reliable and reassuring. Therefore, the news appears to be a scientific process during which the truth is found and could possibly be a sequence of socially manufactured images. Firstly, I am going to start with a neo-pluralist point of view where (Davies) claim’s that journalists no longer care about the “truth” impartially checking facts. Instead, they repeat “flat-earth” stories which are universally accepted as true and practice churnalism which are “facts” produced by the government in order to not negatively affect the media. Commercial pressures also exist which are facts from official sources are used because they are cheap. This type of news consists of unchecked, second hand materials contrived...
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...The Color Problem in Media and Athletic Arenas “An ideology, once having taken root in a concrete context, can develop a life of its own and spread to encompass different individuals and groups in different situations that are far removed from the original context in which the ideology developed.” - Anton L. Allahar White supremacy is an ideology that emphasizes the superiority of whites over minorities. This ideology is embedded in our society and can be seen in multiple faucets of the media. This is evident in how the media has portrayed blacks as athletically superior and unintelligent. Further, the media will go on to highlight the negative aspects of the black athletes and focus on their struggles in the classroom (Hawkins 57-59). According to previous studies, white individuals typically agree with the negative portrayal of black athletes where black athletes disagree (Haughton 17). The question that must be examined is whether or not black athletes are represented in an unfavorable light versus their white counterparts. Hawkins, Billy Joe. The New Plantation: Black Athletes, College Sports, and Predominantly White NCAA Institutions. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Print. Houghton, Emily J. "Assessing the "Goodness of Fit" Between Scholarly Assertions and Audience Interpretations of Media Images of Black Male Athletes." (2014). Web. 7 Feb. 2016. Hundley, Heather L., and Andrew C. Billings. Examining Identity in Sports Media. Los Angeles: Sage Publications...
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