...GASTROENTEROLOGY Growth inhibitory action of cranberry on Helicobacter pylori Masashi Matsushima,* Takayoshi Suzuki,* Aya Masui,* Kouichi Kasai,† Tomoko Kouchi,† Atsushi Takagi,* Takayuki Shirai* and Tetsuya Mine* *Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara; and †Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, Noda, Japan Abstract Background and Aim: Cranberry is a fruit that originated in North America, and it has been used by Native Americans for bacterial infections. Recent studies have revealed it to be effective for preventing refractory urinary infections, while also suggesting that it plays a possible role in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Methods: The H. pylori strains used in the present study were NCTC11637 and 11638. Sugar and organic acid-rich, and polyphenol-rich fractions were obtained from cranberry juice concentrate by Amberlite XAD7HP-column chromatography. The H. pylori growth inhibition was estimated by OD660 and titration in liquid culture, and by an agar dilution plate method. The shapes of the bacteria were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Cranberry extract suppressed bacterial proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In the comparison with other juices, polyphenol-rich fruits (cranberries, blueberries, and red grapes) showed similar growth inhibitory activity, whereas polyphenol-poor fruits (oranges, pineapples, apples, and white grapes) did not show any...
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...dehydrationMod dehydrationSevere dehydrationReplacing ongoing losses | MAJOR TEACHING POINTS | NURSING CONSIDERATIONS | Teach parents at well childcare visits in first yearKeep 24 hour supply of ORT in homeBegin with first sign of diarrheaReplace with ½ cup ORT for each diarrheal stoolSeek medical attention prn signs or dehydrationAfter re-hydration resume breast/formula feeding or normal diet in the older childAdvise them never to try to formulate an OR solution themselves.Teach personal hygiene/ hand washingProper preparation and storage of breast milk or formulaCareful food preparationImmunization for RotavirusAvoid unnecessary antibiotic usage | Acute diarrhea is leading cause of illness in children <5 years (10’s of millions cases in US)65% of hospitalizations and 85% of...
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...REVIEW 1.1 INTRODUCTION Many cultures throughout the world still rely on indigenous medicinal plants for their primary health care needs (Farnsworth et al., 1985). To date, 25% of modern medicines are derived from plants that have been used by traditional medical practitioners (Cragg and Newman, 2005). It is a fact that traditional systems of medicine have become a topic of global importance. African countries are at a stage where traditional medicine is considered more for its capacity to generate other medicine than for its own sake. In many cases research undertakings and the commercial use stemming from that research have always relied on information provided by the local communities and, in many instances, have hardly benefited from the research results (Rukangira, 2004) . In Africa, traditional healers and remedies made from plants play an important role in the health of millions of people. (Rukangira, 2004). Typically, studies on the medicinal plants such as Alstonia boonei have focused on the bioactivity of its chemical constituents, ethnobotany, pharmacology, and taxonomy. However, a comprehensive or systematic review on the plant is lacking. Furthermore, in much of the older literature concerning West Africa, the name Alstonia congensis has been erroneously used for Alstonia boonei. Consequently, this paper examined the effect of aqueous bark extracts of Alstonia boonei on the haematological parameters of male wistar abino rats. 1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 1.2.1 Classification ...
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...I. 진단혈액 진단혈액 수련항목 (1) : 혈액학적검사 기본 술기 표준수련기간 : 1주 수련내용 : ◆ 용어정의 : • 혈액학적검사 : 혈액세포와 응고에 관련된 일련의 검사를 의미한다. 혈구의 체내분포, 구조, 기능에 관련된 검사, 골수에 분포하는 전구세포에 관한 검사, 혈구에 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 혈장 인자에 관한 검사 및 유전자 이상에 관련된 검사 등을 포괄적으로 포함한다. • 망상적혈구수 : 적혈구 성숙 단계 중 정염색성 적아구(orthochromatophilic normoblast) 바로 다음 단계의 세포로 핵이 빠져나간 직후부터를 의미한다. 미토콘드리아, 중심소체(centriole), 리보솜 등을 함유하고 있으며 말초혈액에서 24-48시간의 성숙과정을 거쳐서 성숙한 적혈구로 된다 (Ref. Williams 16th p373-374) ◆ 숙지할 필수 지식 : • 혈액학 검사에 사용되는 검체와 항응고제의 작용기전 및 종류 • 모세관 혈액의 채취 방법과 용도, 채취 시 주의점 및 정맥혈과의 차이점 • 적혈구침강계수(ESR) 검사의 원리 ◆ 습득할 필수 술기 : • Neubauer chamber의 사용 • 미량법(micromethod)를 이용한 헤마토크리트의 측정 • 수기법을 이용한 망상적혈구수 검사 ◆ 국내외 장비 및 시약 현황 : 해당없음 ◆ 추천되는 참고자료 : • 대한혈액학회. 혈액학, 2006. • 대한진단검사의학회 편, 진단검사의학 제 3판, 2001. • Henry, JB. Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, 24th ed. 2006. 보고서 제출 일자 : 200 년 월 일 평가자 : 지도전문의 인 (일자 : 200 년 월 일) 과장 인 (일자 : 200 년 월 일) 수련위원 인 (일자 : 200 년 월 일) 진단혈액 수련항목 (2) : 자동 혈구계산기 표준수련기간 : 2주 수련내용 : ◆ 용어정의 : • 헤마토크릿(Hct) : 혈액 전체 부피에 대한 적혈구 부피의 비율, 단위는 % 또는 L/L • 평균적혈구용적(MCV) : 적혈구의 평균 용적, 단위는 fL, • MCV = Hct (L/L) X 1,000/RBC count (X1012/L) • 평균적혈구혈색소(MCH) : 적혈구 한 개당 혈색소 양, 단위는 pg, • MCH = hemoglobin (g/L)/RBC count (X1012/L) • 평균적혈구혈색소농도(MCHC) : 적혈구 한 개당 평균 혈색소 농도, • 단위는 g/L, MCHC = hemoglobin (g/L)/Hct (L/L) • 적혈구분포지수(RDW)...
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