...Mcman-McCline Vision Light and Color 11/1/14 Cognitive Illusions & Double Exposures Cognitive Illusions can be broken up into various groups of illusions such as, distorting illusions, ambiguous illusions, paradox illusions. I will create an ambiguous illusion using photography as my medium. The illusion will consist of a triple exposure creating three images working together as one. Each exposure setting requires an f-stop in other words the aperture. The aperture controls how much light is let into the lens before the photo is taken. Using multiple exposures f8, f5.6, and f3.5 creating variations of light. My tools consisted of an Argus C3 50mm film camera, black & white film and one light source. The exposures work together creating a beautiful perspective that works along with darks and lights. This causes the viewer to try and figure out which image was taken first and which was last. This ambiguous illusion forms a multistable perception. A multistable perception is the occurrence of an image being able to provide multiple, although stable, perceptions (Susana Martinez-Conde and Stephen L. Macknik). Visual illusions are defined by the dissociation between the physical reality and the subjective perception of an object or event. The picture is interpreted as representing a three-dimensional structure, but there...
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...Like many visual illusions, the Delboeuf illusion demonstrates the perceptual failure of the human visual system. A study by Parrish, Brosnan, and Beran (2015) examined the effect of the Delboeuf illusion through a comparative study between humans and Rhesus Monkeys, as well as Capuchin Monkeys. I will only be focusing on the effect the Delboeuf illusion had on human participants within two experiments. The first experiment tested twenty-two undergraduate students within two experimental groups. Human participants were presented with a series of trials where they would have to selected the bigger of the two dot sizes presented. Dots within trials were either both surrounded by rings or not. Not every trial consisted of equivalent dots. There...
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...Optical Illusions & How They Work, Bret 9B Truly, the brain is an extraordinary organ that not only shows you what’s in front of you, but also goes above and beyond its call of duty when it finds something it doesn’t understand. Instead of leaving it blank it tries to figure it out. Though it is really quite amazing that our mind can do this, it isn’t always correct. Optical illusions use patterns and colours to deceive our mind, so that what we see may not quite match up with the world around us. When you look at these images try to look at them and try to see the illusion before you read the explanatory paragraph. See if you can discern the differences between the deceptions and reality. The illusion shown below is known as the Ebbinghaus Illusion, made by Hermann Ebbinghaus. This deceptive illusion shows two orange circles, each of them surrounded by blue circles. Large blue circles surrounds one while the other is surrounded by small blue circles. I propose to you...
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...Aaron Pomerleau Mr. Hiatt Psychology 3 April 2014 Is it true? Look at an optical illusion and you may think you're seeing things, such as a curved line that's actually straight, or a moving object that's standing still. You wonder if your eyes are playing tricks on you. But you can’t help but thinking, could it be real? It's not all in your eyes. An illusion is proof that you don't always see what you think you do because of the way your brain and your entire visual system perceive and interpret an image. Visual illusions occur due to properties of the visual areas of the brain as they receive and process information. Your perception of an illusion has more to do with how your brain works and less to do with the optics of your eye. Everything that enters the senses needs to be interpreted through the brain, and these interpretations occasionally go wrong. Illusions, may serve as a test to determine whether scientists understand vision correctly. When light hits our retina in the eye, about one-tenth of a second goes by before the brain translates that into a visual perception of the world. Our brains compensate for this neural delay and so it attempts to generate an image of what it will perceive one-tenth of a second in the future. Optical illusions occur when what our brains predict does not match the reality. A better way to think of it is in order to compensate for this massive loss of information and provide us with visual perceptions that are rich in contrast...
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...Constancies and Illusions What are Perceptual Constancies? * Tendency for the perception of an object to stay constant despite changes in stimuli * Perceptual constancies rescue us from confusion * They allow us to identify objects with different stimuli Three types of constancies: * Size * Shape * Brightness Size Constancy * The most studied of all constancies is size constancy, the fact that an object’s size remains relatively constant no matter what its distance. As an object moves farther away from us, we generally do not see it as decreasing in size. Hold a quarter a foot in front of you and then move it out to arm’s length. Does it appear to get smaller? Not noticeably so. Yet the retinal image of the quarter when it is 24 inches away is half the size of the retinal image of the quarter when it is 12 inches away. We certainly do not perceive the quarter as becoming half its size as we move it an arm’s length. Like other constancies, however, size constancy is not perfect; very distant objects appear to be smaller than the same objects close up, as anyone knows who has looked down from a tall building or from an airplane in flight. Shape Constancy * Tendency for the perceived shape of an object to remain constant despite changes in its retinal image. Ex. A book will have the same shape regardless of the angle it is viewed from. Brightness Constancy * Tendency for the perceived brightness of an object to stay the same as long...
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...The final illusion is the Checker Shadow Illusion. This illusion shows two squares that are the exact same color. You mind thinks that the squares are two different colors, but your brain thinks that because of their background. It mainly has to do with how our brain interprets the drawing. The image is described as two specific checker squares, labeled A and B, are drawn on a grid. The checker square that is labeled “B” is being cast over by a shadow from a large cylinder. We are expecting the cylinder to cast the shadow onto the checkerboard. Because we are used to making sense of shadows in real life, we become aware of the shadow, and we think that we know how to interpret it. However, the person who made this illusion, Edward H. Adelson,...
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...The first illusion was the Muller-Lyer Illusion. It consists of an arrow shape in which the arrowhead faces different directions. In the middle of the shape is another arrowhead that is supposed to divide the length of the arrow in half. The left-facing arrow illusion did little to affect my perception of the distance. However, I was consistently short on the right-facing arrow. The alignment of the arrow drastically affected my perception. I thought I was consistently dividing it in half, but the results showed otherwise. My average adjusted length was about 5.25% less than the correct length. The Muller-Lyer illusion works by altering our depth perception. Because most of us were brought up in square-cornered houses, the >-< shape appears closer and shorter than the shape. This is because the former looks like the edge of an exterior corner and the latter looks like the edge of an interior corner. This causes our mind to perceive the first shape as shorter than the second one, even though they are the same length. After learning about this phenomenon, my score improved from 5.25% to 3.25%. I still haven’t clearly grasped the concept and been able to perceive it correctly, but I did make a slight improvement. The Ponzo Illusion consists of a red and yellow bar whose heights must be matched. The two bars are placed in a room with the red bar much further back than the yellow bar. My perception was significantly affected by this illusion as I made the yellow bar about 49.5%...
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...The Book of Illusions by Paul Auster If a tree falls in a forest with nobody around, does it make a sound? At one point in his 10th novel, The Book of Illusions, Paul Auster briefly refers to this philosophical concept. If a man, however, lives a life that nobody else notices, did he really live? That's the real debate that he proposes with this novel. The book opens with the sentence, "Everyone thought he was dead." It refers to a silent film comedian named Hector Mann who just disappeared one day back in 1929, but it could just as easily refer to the protagonist of the story, David Zimmer, a literature professor at a liberal arts college in Vermont. David's life came to an end the day his wife and sons were killed in a plane crash. That disaster sent him diving headlong into drink and depression and he lived in an almost catatonic state in front of the television every day. He saw no purpose to living, but he was also unable to take his own life. He divorced society, quit his job, and broke off all contact with the people in his former life. One day, a spark of life emerged while he watched a short clip of a Hector Mann movie on the television. He laughed. That moment of laughter made him realize that there was still something inside him that wanted to live, and he realized he needed a purpose, something to occupy his mind and to get him through every day. David decided to write a book about Hector Mann and his movies. He had previously written several books of literary...
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...Optical Illusions Specific Purpose: To inform the audience on how optical illusions work. Introduction Attention Getter: The eye of the beholder. Thesis Statement: The eye gathers information that is processed by the brain and sometimes what we think we see is not what is actually there. No, that doesn’t mean we are all crazy. Relevance: Every day we are surrounded by hundreds of images that are perceived differently from objective reality, though we may not notice it. Preview of Points: Merriam-Webster defines optical illusions as something that looks different from what it is: something that you seem to see but is not really there. Optical illusions can be divided into three types, literal optical, physiological and cognitive illusions. Transition: Let’s explore literal optical illusions. Body I. Literal optical illusions create images that are different from the objects that make them. A. What happens. 1. The illusion exists when the object configured as an image doesn’t exist. 2. From the beginning the image never changes. B. Branches that make up a baby. 1. At first look you may notice a couple looking out at the water. 2. Looking at a broader view you can see the branches are in the shape of a baby. Transition: Physiological illusions are quite different than literal optical illusions. II. Physiological illusions are the effects on the eyes and brain of excessive stimulation of a specific type brightness, color, size, position, tilt, movement. A. The...
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...sheer force of the rushing water carrying sand and rock, eroding everything below that happens to be in its path. Due to the fact that the water falls vertically down, and the rocks adjacent to the falls are composed of horizontal strata, if we stare at the water for a certain amount of time and then transfer our attention to the rocks, we get the impression that the rocks are moving in a wavelike pattern. Looking below the waterfall, the spray of the waterfall creates a sort of mist in the air, which then splits the light into a spectrum, creating rainbows in various places at the foot of the waterfall. This seemingly simple, majestic and powerful display of water is in fact a series of molecular bonds, laws of physics and optical illusions which interact in complex manners, creating the fascinating effect we can observe. Memo...
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...situation. Danticat illustrates the idea that victims of tragic situations find illusions to be the beauty in their suffering to distract themselves from harsh reality. The story of “Night Women” shows how suffering parents try to protect their children’s innocence from pain with illusions of beauty. The mother of a young son who works as a prostitute feels shame in her occupation. She finds her job of being intimate with men to be disgraceful, so she lies to her son about her reprehensible work: “Should my son wake up, I...
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...learned in childhood, which supports the role of previous experience and learning in accurate perception. While this can be criticized for being un-generalisable due to being a case study, it had a massive importance on Gregory’s theory, which still is one of the most influential theories explaining perceptual organisation today, and can be supported by experimental studies into previous knowledge. Gregory’s suggestion that we combine sensory information and previous knowledge to form a hypothesis about what we perceive has been supported by Khorasani et al (2007). In this study, the Muller Lyer illusion (which automatically adjusts the apparent size of a more distant object so the second line looks longer) had less of an impact on participants once they knew it was an illusion. This supports Gregory’s claim that previous knowledge (i.e. being told that what they are experiencing is an illusion) can change the way a person perceives something, suggesting the importance of previous knowledge in hypothesis formation. In addition, the Charlie Chaplin...
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...morality. The narrator’s lifestyle suggests an illusion of one’s perception of being rebellious. The narrator says, “We wore torn up leather jackets, slouched around with toothpicks in our mouths, wheeled our parents’ whining station wagons out onto the street” (144). The illusion one perceives “bad” is creating an image of a carefree attitude and staying out late with friends drinking while driving around late at night. Wearing rugged clothes with a hard demeanor portrays a rebellious attitude a teenager strives for in order to be “bad”. One associates drinking and staying out late to be a form of rebelling, a way of breaking rules and not obeying the laws. The narrator thinks he is living a rebellious lifestyle; however, it is an illusion of what he perceives to be “bad”. The fight the narrator experiences, demonstrates the reality of being rebellious. The narrator reflects back in life, “Never mind that I hadn’t been involved in a fight since sixth grade” (146). Fighting always gives an individual the perception one must be “bad” or morally wrong in society. The narrator’s fight with the “ bad greasy” character demonstrates the rebellious attitude he has. He takes the tire iron to hit the “bad greasy” character showing who is more rebellious and dominant. The presence of the narrator in the fight, allows him to realize this is the reality of being “bad”; thus his perception of being rebellious is now an illusion to...
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...R. gives the brain the illusion that the amputated arm is still there. The person puts the non-amputated arm in the box with the mirror and when the person looks into the box, it’s as if they are seeing both limbs. “The mirror image of the normal body part helps reorganize and integrate the mismatch between proprioception and visual feedback of the removed body. Thus, enhancing the treatment effect for phantom limb pain” (Sae Young Kim, MD, Yun Young Kim, MD). This is claimed to be the most effective treatment by many amputees. In the YouTube Video, the young man claimed that the box did indeed help with his phantom pain. This is because “ In this sense, a patient with phantom limb pain can feel the same sense or emotion of his/her normal body part by observing the mirror...
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...distinction between reality and illusions? Can someone’s illusions be their reality? What happens if one is lost within the abyss of such a struggle? Magical realism is somewhat of an explanation for such struggle. Magical Realism is a form of art, which allows people to view the world differently. It deals with emotions, meaning, and mystery in trying to figure out what life is, but only through a distinct imagination and willingness to learn can someone understand such feelings and actions. Both Pedro Paramo, from Pedro Paramo, and Will Atenton, from the movie “Dream House”, are lost within the lives that they believed to be reality but are in fact illusions. Both characters live within a life with their wives that are perceived to be true, but are in fact completely wrong. Do they figure it out? Will Atenton lives in this illusion in which him, his wife, and two daughters have just moved into a new home whose previous owners were killed and the father was sent to a psychiatric ward. The father, Peter Ward, allegedly killed his wife and two daughters only after being accidently shot in the head, himself, by his wife. Atenton searched for the answers just to be told by the psychiatric ward, which once held Peter Ward, that he is Peter Ward. He had created a new identity to cope with the death of his family. Upon figuring out that he in fact is Peter Ward, he also realizes that his perception of his children and wife were all illusions. How could it not have been real...
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