...DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SELF – STUDY Ranesh Shevam 2k12/EC/139 Self study on : Object Tracking ( Structural partial least square for simultaneous object tracking and segmentation.) Report : * Definition * Applications * Challenges * Simplification of Tracking DEFINITION : * Tracking can be defined as the problem of estimating the trajectory of an object in the image plane as it moves around a scene * Three steps in video analysis: 1. Detection of interesting moving objects 2. Tracking of such objects from frame to frame 3. Analysis of object tracks to recognize their behavior 1) Applications : * motion-based recognition * human identification based on gait, automatic object detection, etc * automated surveillance * monitoring a scene to detect suspicious activities or unlikely events * video indexing * automatic annotation and retrieval of the videos in multimedia databases * human-computer interaction * gesture recognition, eye gaze tracking for data input to computers, etc. * traffic monitoring * real-time gathering of traffic statistics to direct traffic flow * vehicle navigation * video-based path planning and obstacle avoidance capabilities. Challenges : * loss of information caused by projection of the 3D world on a 2D image * noise in images * complex object motion * nonrigid or articulated nature of objects ...
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...Abstract— Brain hemorrhage is a type of stroke, which occurs due to artery bursting in the brain, causing bleeding in the surrounded tissues. Diagnosing brain hemorrhage, which is mainly through the examination of a CT scan enables the accurate prediction of disease and the extraction of reliable and robust measurement for patients in order to describe the morphological changes in the brain as the recovery progresses. The aim of this project is to help radiologist as well as medical students in diagnosis of brain hemorrhage in more refined manner by feeding CT images & identify the type of brain hemorrhage using watershed algorithm along with artificial neural network. Keywords - Computed tomography (CT), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Back Propagation Network (BPN), Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). I. INTRODUCTION This Brain hemorrhage is a type of stroke, which occurs due to artery bursting in the brain, causing bleeding in the surrounded tissues. The symptoms of brain hemorrhage are a sudden severe headache, Weakness in an arm or leg, nausea or vomiting, changes in vision, difficulty in speaking or understanding speech, difficulty in...
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...STARBUCKS Case Study Alex Cochran May 2003 Starbucks – A Case Study. Table of Contents Alex Cochran 2003 Executive Summary..................................................................................................................................3 Market Segmentation ...............................................................................................................................4 Methods of Segmentation................................................................................................................4 Lifestyle Segmentation in the Specialty Coffee Market ..............................................................5 Segments ................................................................................................................... 5 Identifiable ................................................................................................................ 6 Sizeable...................................................................................................................... 6 Actionability .............................................................................................................. 6 Accessibility ............................................................................................................... 7 Sustainable Competitive Advantage......................................................................................................8 The Path to Protection. ...............................
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...Measuring the stability of Retail Market based on its store images – a fuzzy clustering approach. Abstract Purpose segmentation is the point where marketing activity starts. A flawless segmentation results in comparable competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to examine the stability of segmentation. Design / methodology/ approach - this research examines the stability of the segments. Shoppers have been segmented based on the importance they’ve given to store image. Data collected through mall intercept interviews has been used for it. Segmentation has been done by K-means clustering and fuzzy clustering methods. Membership grades give the samples’ relative position in the cluster. Findings – Various approaches to segment the market has been analysed and the advantages of fuzzy methods has been obtained. Finally the most stable segment, on the other hand the most volatile segment has been found out. Study reveals that fuzzy clustering is potentially useful to assess the stability of segments. Research limitations / implications Research findings are constrained, as the study concentrates on the behaviour of shoppers based on the influence of store images but segmenting based on demographic or lifestyle variables are not considered. However the stability of segments has been analysed for this segments. Practical implications membership grade gives a clear picture of the real market to the marketer. And it helps the marketer to visualize individual’s...
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...?Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to propose a market segmentation approach based on all phases of wine purchase and consumption process. To this aim, we investigated the main components of wine purchasing behavior and the socio-demographic profile of those who are both wine buyers and consumers. ?Design/methodology/approach: Starting from consumer behavior literature, we identified six phases in the purchasing process and we operationalized each of them. A structured questionnaire was developed according to such framework and an empirical study was carried out. We realized 630 interviews to wine buyers and consumers. Then, we performed a cluster analysis in order to identify the most relevant market segments. ?Findings: Four main segments emerged from the cluster analysis. A description of demographic and behavioral features characterizing the identified segments is provided. ?Practical implications: The proposed framework may provide a clear guidance to reach a market segmentation able to address effectively the marketing strategies. By characterizing different groups of consumers on the base of multiple variables related to each phase of the purchasing process, the proposed segmentation has implications both for strategic decisions, such as positioning, and operative ones (i.e. product, price, place, promotion). 1. INTRODUCTION In the last decades wine market has been characterized by radical changes on both sides of supply and demand, thus making...
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...positioning and value-based pricing strategy will be used to implement as marketing programs. In the long-run sustainability and growth, Doug and Paul will consider using the loyalty program to keep long term relationship with customers. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 1.0. Introduction 3 1.1. Purpose 3 1.2. Case Summary 3 1.3. Relevant marketing theory definition and explanation 4 2.0. Problem/Issues Identification 5 3.0. Issue Analysis 6 3.1. Market Segmentation 6 3.2. Targeting consumers 7 3.3. Product positioning and branding strategy 8 3.4. Marketing mix (only pricing strategy focus) 8 3.5. SWOT Analysis 9 4.0. Recommendations/Choices of Solution 10 5.0. Conclusion 11 List of Reference 13 1.0. Introduction 2.1. Purpose Many organizations spend a lot of time, resources, and energy setting up the new business from sustainability to growth. Festus M Epetimehin (2011) stated that although it is important to replace lost business, one of the primary goals should be to keep existing customers and enhance customer relationships. Thus, the main purpose of this report is to analyze the given case study which is “Marketing the Eco-Shack”, then identify the problems faced by Doug and Paul, analyze the situation and give the recommendation. Last, but not least, the report will also match...
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...Vol. 2, No. 1, May, 2011 Identification of Abnormal Masses in Digital Mammography Images Indra Kanta Maitra Research Fellow, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Calcutta, India E-mail: ikm.1975@ieee.org Sanjay Nag Research Fellow, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Calcutta, India E-mail: sanjaynag75@gmail.com Prof. Samir Kumar Bandyopadhyay Professor and Senior Member IEEE, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Calcutta, India E-mail:skb1@vsnl.com Abstract Mammography is at present one of the available method for early detection of masses or abnormalities which is related to breast cancer. The most common abnormalities that may indicate breast cancer are masses and calcifications. The challenge lies in early and accurate detection to overcome the development of breast cancer that affects more and more women throughout the world. Masses appear in a mammogram as fine, granular clusters, which are often difficult to identify in a raw mammogram. Digital mammogram is one of the best technologies currently being used for diagnosing breast cancer. Breast cancer is diagnosed at advanced stages with the help of the digital mammogram image. In this paper, a method has been developed to make a supporting tool. This will make it easy and less time consuming for identification of abnormal masses in digital mammography images. The identification technique is divided into two distinct parts i.e. Formation of...
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...SEGMENTATION WITH NEURAL NETWORK B.Prasanna Rahul Radhakrishnan Valliammai Engineering College Valliammai Engineering College prakrish_2001@yahoo.com krish_rahul_1812@yahoo.com Abstract: Our paper work is on Segmentation by Neural networks. Neural networks computation offers a wide range of different algorithms for both unsupervised clustering (UC) and supervised classification (SC). In this paper we approached an algorithmic method that aims to combine UC and SC, where the information obtained during UC is not discarded, but is used as an initial step toward subsequent SC. Thus, the power of both image analysis strategies can be combined in an integrative computational procedure. This is achieved by applying “Hyper-BF network”. Here we worked a different procedures for the training, preprocessing and vector quantization in the application to medical image segmentation and also present the segmentation results for multispectral 3D MRI data sets of the human brain with respect to the tissue classes “ Gray matter”, “ White matter” and “ Cerebrospinal fluid”. We correlate manual and semi automatic methods with the results. Keywords: Image analysis, Hebbian learning rule, Euclidean metric, multi spectral image segmentation, contour tracing. Introduction: Segmentation can be defined as the identification of meaningful image components. It is a fundamental task in image processing providing the basis for any kind of...
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...Coffee-Mate, and • an interesting opportunity for the Coffee-Mate Lite product. This Question Mark product is present in a high growth market and could be shifted to a star position. The environmental analysis, through the use of the SWOT tool, led to a clearer vision of Coffee Mate’s areas of competence and the areas that have to be improved. Coffee-Mate’s is a strong brand with a large advertising budget providing quality (and healthy with Coffee-Mate Lite) products. These strengths appear to be useful for breaking Coffee-Mate’s bad image of distress and poor taste product. An analysis of the customer’s market segmentation, which divides the market in 5 consumers sections leads to a distinction between two different buying behaviours: • cost constrained consumers who base their buying decision on prices; and • a group of customers called “premium”, who are prepared to pay a premium price for quality products. These BCG, SWOT and customer segmentation tools provide information about the brand portfolio, its environment and its consumers. Such knowledge of the brand is crucial to be guided in the decision making process. Thus, in order to enhance the market leadership of Coffee-Mate, the followings decisions have to be taken: • set up a series of short term discounts, in order to attract the customers; • promote the qualities of Coffee-Mate in the TV...
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...continued profitability- viewing this discipline and its related practices as ‘discretionary’. The article ‘rediscovering market segmentation’ focuses on understanding and assessing various aspects of consumer behavior as one of the key factors to effective marketing, sales and customer satisfaction. Once you know your customer segmentation by personality type, you can create personality type. This knowledge of individual preferences related to a respondent’s personality can be leveraged to create more effective marketing campaigns and increase sales. Market segmentation is a marketing strategy that involves dividing a broad target market into subsets of consumers, who have common needs, and then designing and implementing strategies to target their needs and desires using media channels and other touch-points that best allow to reach them. Market segmentation involves dividing up the potential market for a product into groups of people who have similar needs, and then addressing these needs in a focused way. Market segments allow companies to create product differentiation strategies to target them. The concept was introduced in early 1960’s not just to advertise but also bring about product innovation, pricing, choice of distribution channels etc. A broader aspect of segmentation is the term psychographics. Psychographic profiles are used in market segmentation as well as in advertising. Psychographics is...
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...numerous marketing tutorials and hearing many wonderful presentations. Allow me to recapitulate. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (STP) is undeniably one of the most important concepts of marketing. Through the tutorials, I have learnt that STP sets the base of the entire marketing effort. Segmentation divides the market through demographic, geographic, psychographic and behavioural segmentation. It clearly defines the boundaries of the different market opportunities that one may want to develop in. Targeting involves evaluating the different market segments and then choosing the best target market(s) which are feasible and in line with the company’s goals. Positioning creates a value proposition which represent a set of differences or competitive advantages that differentiates the product, delivering more customer value. STP aids one in creating a product that is based on a customer-driven marketing strategy. In this aspect, I believe that my team has done relatively well. By understanding STP, my team was able to use multiple segmentation bases (Demographic, Psychographic and Behavioural) to define our target market. This enables us to better understand our key customer segments in order to target them more efficiently. Through this project, I firmly believe that we must almost always, in any situation, use multiple segmentation bases to better define our target segments. When segmenting the market, it is highly possible that...
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...Executive summary Success of the business mainly depend on the customer relationship and market investigation which done by the marketing. In this report we discuss about the restaurant Organic Green which is currently facing some problems. In first two portion of the report the problems are being found and comparison with other methods is given and in other two portions the solution is given from those methods So that the business can again run successfully in all the sectors. Table of content Contents Executive summary 2 Table of content 3 Introduction 5 1.The role of marketing for the group’s business and the way it can build a marketing strategy. 6 2.The market segmentation and market positioning that restaurants may choose. 9 3.The options available for addressing each of the ‘4 Ps’ in the marketing mix: 11 4. Restaurant’s current position and what work should be undertaken to improve it. 16 Conclusion 17 Reference 18 Introduction Organic Green is a chain of six specialized restaurant which is located in different places. This restaurant has strong positioning in earlier but due to some strong competition it is gradually losing its business. Organic Green needs to modify total strategy in order to beat the competitors. First it needs to identify its problem. Than find the solution. As a marketer I am finding the problem and solutions. 1. The role of marketing for the group’s business and the...
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...journal, I will talk about the types of thyroid malignancies and the ways to classify them. Malignancies in thyroid often present as nodules which are solid lumps that can be filled with fluid. Out of all the cancers worldwide, malignant tumors comprise of 1-3 percent of cancers. According to studies 5-10 percent of thyroid nodules result in thyroid malignancies. The majority of thyroid carcinomas originate from follicular epithelial cells. Anaplastic or undifferentiated carcinomas (ATC) are the most aggressive thyroid malignancy known so far.(G.B. Salabè2001)( R.A. DeLellis, R.V. Lloyd, P.U. Heitz, C. Eng 2004)( Y.C. Oertel 2004) http://www.sciencedirect.com October 2016 )...
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...ISSN: 2277-3754 ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 7, January 2013 Recognition for Handwritten English Letters: A Review Nisha Sharma, Tushar Patnaik, Bhupendra Kumar Abstract -- Character recognition is one of the most interesting and challenging research areas in the field of Image processing. English character recognition has been extensively studied in the last half century. Nowadays different methodologies are in widespread use for character recognition. Document verification, digital library, reading bank deposit slips, reading postal addresses, extracting information from cheques, data entry, applications for credit cards, health insurance, loans, tax forms etc. are application areas of digital document processing. This paper gives an overview of research work carried out for recognition of hand written English letters. In Hand written text there is no constraint on the writing style. Hand written letters are difficult to recognize due to diverse human handwriting style, variation in angle, size and shape of letters. Various approaches of hand written character recognition are discussed here along with their performance. Fig 1.Major Steps of an OCR System Index Terms— Offline Hand written Character Recognition, Pre-Processing, Feature Extraction, Classification, Post Processing. I. INTRODUCTION Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is one of the most fascinating and challenging areas of pattern...
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...DETERMINING TARGET AUDIENCE After the opportunity analysis and competitive analysis the next step is to determine the target audience. Target markets are groups of individuals separated by distinguishable and noticeable characteristics . A company may have identified its target market, but selling its product may entail identifying even smaller, better defined target groups.A target audience and a target market can be formed of people of a certain age group, gender, or marital status. Target audience is specific group of people at which product is aimed at. Target audience determination is important part of the marketing strategy and has a direct impact on the advertising efforts . Examples * CVS Caremark's target market is women since they make up 80 percent of the pharmacy chain’s customers. CVS has marketed its stores to aid women who are constantly multitasking. They recently redesigned 1,200 of its 6,200 stores to appeal to women, including shorter wait times for prescriptions, wider and better-lit shopping aisles, and more beauty products. * If a company wants to sell a diet program for men with heart disease problem the communication may be aimed at the spouse who takes care of the nutrition plan of her husband and child. The companies often develop different marketing strategies for different consumer needs . the process by which they do this is known as target marketing . and it involve four basic steps . THE TARGET MARKETING PROCESS 1) IDENTIFYING MARKETS...
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