...For years children have been immunized against dozens of infectious diseases. Routine shots starting at birth protect them from illnesses such as polio, measles and hepatitis. In recent years, since the outcry that too many immunizations, too early may cause autism, many parents have decided against immunizing their children. In this debate that has continued for years, non-vaccinating parents believe that by forcing them to vaccinate or not allowing them to go to school is a violation of the child’s human rights. But vaccinating parents believe that by other parents choosing not to vaccinate they are trampling on the rights of others and putting them at a greater risk of contracting diseases. The way vaccines work is by creating immunity to diseases by injecting a small amount of a weakened germ into a body where it attacks it as if it were a real virus. The body begins to build antibodies to the germ; and later when the body is attacked by the same, or a similar germ, the body remembers it and is able to protect the body from another infection (Elana Pearl Ben-Joseph, 2010). Though vaccines carry risks, refusing vaccinations puts others at risk as well, and the dangers of not vaccinating are far more hazardous than those caused from vaccinating. Churches, Public Opinions, and Advocacy Groups are just three of the community structures that can influence the public health and a parent’s opinion to vaccinate. Many parents choose not to vaccinate due to religious or cultural...
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...Immunization Record for Students Attending Post-Secondary Schools in Minnesota Student Name (Last, First, M.I.) | Date of Birth | Student ID Number | Date of Enrollment (Mo/Yr) 10/2015 | Minnesota Law (M.S. 135A.14) requires proof that all students born after 1956 are vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, measles, mumps, and rubella, allowing for certain specified exemptions (see below). Any non-exempt student who fails to submit the required information within 45 days after first enrollment cannot remain enrolled. This form is designed to provide the school with the information required by the law and will be available for review by the Minnesota Department of Health and the local health agency. All students: Return this completed form to _______________________________________ by ______________. Check here if you were born before 1957 for the age exemption. You don’t have to complete the rest of this form. All other students who are not age-exempt: Complete parts 1, 2, 3, and/or 4 below. Part 1: Students graduating from a Minnesota high school in 1997 or later | I have previously met the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) and Td (tetanus, diphtheria) requirements because I graduated from a Minnesota high school in 1997 or later. Student’s signature ___________________________________________________________ Date ____________________ | Name of high school: | City: | Date of graduation: | Part 2: Transfer student from another Minnesota college ...
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...such as the San Diego Immunization program, San Diego Community college Student Services program, and San Diego Health and human services immunization program are only three of the hundreds of programs available in the community to help in improving the health and wellness of the people in San Diego from the measles. The San Diego Immunization program helps the local community improve both their health and wellness by providing them with free educational resources of the importance of immunizations, various immunization services sites located all over the county, and data and statistics ("San Diego Immunization Program ", n.d.). These resources help the local community immensely by providing them with scientific based evidence on the importance of immunizing themselves as having locations where they can receive their vaccinations thus improving their health and the health of those around them. Health Centers can be found in several places around the county, providing array of services to all sorts of customers. San Diego has a large population of college students, with many of them not covered under mom and dad’s health insurance. Most colleges has a student health center to provide a variety of services such as; basic first aid, mental health services, preventive care, gonorrhea testing, chlamydia testing and health counseling. San Diego Community College is one of those colleges with those services provided, plus more. They also offer immunizations as well and with the...
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...proportional to bond maturity Low coupon more sensitive than high LT more sensitive than ST Duration – measure of the effective maturity of a bond (time it takes to recoup initial investment or price) Macaulays duration – weighted avg of times until each pmt made by bond Modified duration = macaulays / 1+y (measures interest rate sensitivity of bond) Higher duration = higher sensitivity Convexity – duration of a bond changes as interest rate changes Portfolio mgmt. – mgmt. of one or more port Active – strategy where manager makes specific investments with goal of outperforming benchmark(swap, horizon analysis) Passive – opposite of active – follow benchmark, manager attempt to beat mkt w/ various investing strategies (CF matching, immunization) Contingent - 15/16 American – can exercise anytime between inception and expiration European...
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...researching with a couple ideas in my mind. I decided to base all my research on Immunizations because I really think I can deliver a good paper on this subject. I have wanted to dig into the controversy about immunizations for a while now. The main reason is that my wife was not immunized and it was a strong desire of hers that her kids are not immunized. I was immunized and always thought I would immunize my children. I think this subject for me would be extremely beneficial to learn more about. There have been numerous claims of immunizations causing autism, and other serious medical conditions. Are theses claims all hype or are they truth? This is what I intend to learn for myself. In the early 1900's we as a people started with one vaccine against small pox. To vaccinate fully in today's society it means 48 vaccines in the first 6 years of your child's life. That is a lot of vaccines compared to twenty years ago, but is it worth the risk? I am the father of two small children and the idea of something happening to them on my watch scares me to death. For me to take them to the doctor and have an immunization give them brain damage or worse is just not a scenario that I would be able to cope with. The flipside however is that immunizations are there so that when a virus like polio or whooping cough goes viral the child that has had the immunizations are much safer. The research question is, Are Immunizations worth the risk? There is so much information on this subject and I am very...
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...child against a scope of genuine and possibly deadly diseases. Immunizations are brisk, safe and greatly powerful. Once your child has got vaccinated against an infection, their body can battle it all the more effectively. In the event, that a child is not vaccinated, they will have an expanded danger of getting the illness. B. Immunization is as essential for adults as it is for children, but then numerous adults are not ideally vaccinated. Immunizations emulate the virus so as to anticipate disease by that same virus or bacteria. II. Body A. Vaccine preventable diseases haven't gone away a) Measles is an exceptionally irresistible viral illness that can result in fever, hacking and unique red-cocoa spots on the skin. The shingles antibody is a decent illustration. Shingles are brought on by a reactivation of the chickenpox virus. It can result in a serious and excruciating skin rash. The immunization is suggested for adults 60 and more seasoned (Shah, 1664). b) Measles is brought on by a virus that is exceptionally contagious, can live for up to two hours on surfaces and get transmitted through a tainted individual's hacks or sniffles. Measles is contagious to the point that "90% of the individuals near to that individual who are not insusceptible will likewise gotten to get tainted. c) Smallpox is additionally a disease that needs one to get immunized against it. Immunizations shield us from genuine diseases furthermore keep the spread of...
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...Introduction Bronwyn visited the GP in regards to her 11-month year Old daughter’s measles, mumps and rubella’s immunization. As a Healthcare worker, Bronwyn is aware of the on going news about side effects of immunization, such as Autism. She also heard about the benefits of immunization. However, Bronwyn is confused whether she goes ahead and immunize her child or not. The purpose of this document is to investigate the effects and benefits of measles, mumps and rubella’s immunization through different literature. Different articles with different methods are going to be reviewed to identify if immunization is the cause of Autism in young children. Moreover, the question involved in this paper is, “What are the health benefits and risks associated with measles, mumps and rubella’s immunization among infants?” This question was formulated considering the PICO principal, which is used to portray information and to guide application of investigations into clinical practice. The principal consists of population, intervention, comparison and the outcome. In this instance P in the PICO (our patient or population) is the 11-month year old infant. The intervention is immunization (Adams, Newcomb, Smith & Withaeger, 2009) . Alternative term might include vaccination, protect, inoculate while immunization (I) can be referred to as vaccination, protect, inoculate. C in this instance is, not to immunize and O or outcome is to eliminate the chances of experiencing side effects of...
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...Guest Editorial Leading specialists review current developments in pediatrics. Immunization: An Update Tina Q. Tan, MD S ince 1796, when Edward Jenner first inoculated 8-year-old James Phipps with cowpox to protect him against a related virus, smallpox, a multitude of effective vaccines have been developed and licensed to protect against a growing number of viral and bacterial diseases. The development and use of vaccines has been heralded as the number one greatest public health achievement of the 20th century, and is one that has had significant global impact. The wide-spread use of vaccines in the population has resulted in the eradication of smallpox; elimination of polio in the Americas and many other areas of the world; and control of the transmission and spread of diseases such as tetanus, diphtheria, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcal disease, and a host of other infectious diseases. Through the global initiatives of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), many of the current childhood vaccines that are readily available in the US are now being made available to children in resource-poor countries and are having a major impact on infant and childhood morbidity and mortality. This special issue on immunization contains articles that highlight the importance of vaccination across the life span; discusses the complex process by which vaccines are developed...
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...Ethics of Immunization Heather Bonner Bryant & Stratton College PHIL 250 Instructor: Mr. Adams April 7, 2016 Ethics of Immunization Immunizations have been a topic of discussion since the seventeenth century, when the first vaccine was created. Immunizations are an ethical issue, because a lot of parents believe they should not be mandated to children before entering into school. In the healthcare field it will be important to keep personal and professional ethics separate. Some parents have very strong feelings on the issue. Within certain religions, the body is a sacred temple that should not receive any chemicals and be healed through natural means. Parents are using religion as an excuse to exempt their children from vaccines. Medical and religious exemptions are the only way to go around the federal mandated law, to vaccinate all school aged kids before entering public schools. Others believe vaccinating your kids are saving time, money and protecting future generations. Offering vaccine information and respecting parents or guardians choices, despite personal feelings, are required in all facilities. Most decisions we make are based off of our personal beliefs (ethics) and values. As a medical assistant, I will need to carry myself in a professional manner. Organizations for the health occupations also have formalized codes of ethics to govern behavior of members and increase level of competence and standards of care within a group. Included among these...
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...Vaccinations and immunizations are very important to the general population; including infants, children, adults, and elders. A vaccine is a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies to provide immunity to one or more than one disease. Receiving vaccines at a pharmacy should be offered at a pharmacy because they can cave your child’s life, they are safe and effective, and they protect the people you love and care about, and can save your family time and money. Lots of pharmacists offer vaccinations at the pharmacy and the different kinds of vaccinations offered are steadily increasing. Some of the vaccinations at local pharmacies include but are not limited to: Influenza, Tetanus, Whooping Cough, Pneumonia, Varicella, HPV, Hepatitis...
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...Topic of the Final Paper Students must write on a current topic of interest in the ever-widening domain of Health Care Ethics. He or she must present a brief history of the topic, a description of the problem(s) arising from it, ethical arguments (both pro and con), and a well-reasoned solution/conclusion to the problem. For the purposes of this paper, it is advised that students choose a topic that has been the cause of an ongoing debate. all academic resources, no websites such as Wikipedia.org, or .com websites) and class resources , the student will develop a 10 page paper (APA 1 inch margins, 12 point font, Times New Roman, and spacing per APA guidelines) presenting the history of the topic, in depth description of the problems arising within the topic, arguments pro and cons, current state of the debate, and will conclude with a personal informed opinion. A minimum of 7 sources (most of which must be journal articles) must be used for this paper, regardless of page #'s written. You will be turning in this paper to the assignment box. The following topics are NOT allowed for the final paper: Abortion, Stem Cell Research, and Physician Assisted Suicide. Google 'health care ethics debates' to give you some topic ideas. Be certain to turn all documents in Microsoft Word (either 2010 or 2013 as either a .doc or .docx file) There are three basic assumptions that should be met for the successful completion of a good paper. First, the student must possess the intellectual...
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...Expanded Program on Immunization I. Rationale The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was established in 1976 to ensure that infants/children and mothers have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood vaccines. Six vaccine-preventable diseases were initially included in the EPI: tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and measles. In 1986, 21.3% “fully immunized” children less than fourteen months of age based on the EPI Comprehensive Program review. II. Scenario Global Situation The burden In 2002, WHO estimated that 1.4 million of deaths among children under 5 years due to diseases that could have been prevented by routine vaccination. This represents 14% of global total mortality in children under 5 years of age. Source: Weekly Epidemiological Record, WHO: No.46,2011,86.509-520) Burden of Diseases The immunization coverage of all individual vaccines has improved as shown in Figure 1: (Demographic Health Survey 2003 and 2008). Fully Immunized Child (FIC) coverage improved by 10% and the Child Protected at Birth (CPAB) against Tetanus improved by 13% compared to any prior period. Thus, the Philippines has now historically the highest coverage for these two major indicators. Figure 1: Comparison of the 2003 and 2008 EPI indicators, Source: NDHS III. Interventions/ Strategies Program Objectives/Goals: Over-all Goal: To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children against the most common vaccine-preventable...
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...Running head: IMMUNIZATION:RISKS VS BENEFITS Immunization: Risks vs Benefits Gail D. Adams G124/ENC1101 Section 07 Abstract As the world population continues to grow, the issue of whether or not to immunize our children is one that needs to be investigated, and resolved. This paper will inform the reader of both the risks, and the benefits associated with immunization, as well as, dispel the rumors and misinformation surrounding the vaccines used. Immunization: Risks vs Benefits In the world we live in today, the incidence of serious or deadly disease still remains, and just because the U.S. has not had a pandemic recently, the possibilities of a disease of epic proportions is basically only a plane ride away. It is very important to be educated and informed about immunization, the risks versus benefits, so that we can be wise and immunize. Immunization Benefits Immunization against deadly diseases has been a hot topic for many years, and the public needs to be informed on both the benefits and risks that are associated with the vaccines, so that all people can make a well informed decision on whether or not to vaccinate. There seems to be many misconceptions about the vaccines, but the cold, hard, truth is that immunization prevents illness, disability, and death from vaccine preventable diseases such as: polio, diphtheria, pneumonia, rubella, tetanus, pertussis, measles, and rotavirus diarrhea. About 22.4 million infants did not receive the diphtheria...
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...Immunization against communicable disease in one of the world’s greatest accomplishments in 20th century. Due to vaccination human mortality and morbidity have greatly decreased. All the vaccination and protection against diseases should begin in infancy according to Center of Disease Control (CDC). I believe that the diseases that once killed millions of people have been controlled and some others very close to extinction due to effective vaccines. For example, Polio, measles, mumps and chicken pox were the most feared disease in the world causing death. However, there are some parents are against vaccination putting the children prone to preventable diseases. “In 2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) declared that measles...
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...Abstract Data in regards to the rates of vaccinations among child has been decreasing. The reasons cited by parents are wide with concerns and fears leading to refusal. Healthcare providers play a major role in providing information for patients with questions regarding vaccinations and nurses are often on the front line when it comes to battling the resurgence of diseases such as the measles and pertussis. These providers must be comfortable, and understand the reasoning while discussing the reason for the vaccination, their schedule, and the effects of vaccines. There are several ways nurses and healthcare providers can help reduce the fear, and bring understanding to the parent who may be refusing vaccines. Some factors the nurse is unable to change, however there are ways to be able to make vaccinations more accessible to the whole population. Since vaccinations laws in the US were enacted in the 1960’s and 70’s, childhood vaccinations have been required to occur before beginning school. By the 1980’s all 50 states including DC required vaccinations for entrance into public school. Exemptions could be made for families that made the decision to refuse vaccinations based upon medical reason, religious reason, or personal philosophy (Blendall & Farre, 2012). Rates for non-medical reasons to withhold vaccinations have increased significantly over the past years, despite the evidence that communicable disease have declined, and documented safety...
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