...of behaviors concerned with where, when and under what circumstances beverage alcohol can be purchased and consumed. The minimum legal drinking age refers to the minimum age at which beverage alcohol can be consumed. This may be different from the minimum age at which beverage alcohol can be purchased. Some countries, including Greece and Indonesia, focus their legislation solely on the legal age of purchase of beverage alcohol, and do not address a minimum age for consumption. Legislation for the minimum drinking age in United States varied from state to state over a decade ago, ranging from 18 to 21. Driven largely by the desire to curb traffic fatalities associated with alcohol consumption, the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 required all states to raise their purchase and public possession of alcohol age to 21, or risk losing federal highway funds under the Federal Highway Aid Act. By 1987 all states had complied with the 21 minimum age law. A large body of research exists regarding the impact of raising the minimum drinking age to 21 in the United States. Some of the research focuses specifically on whether the new law has had the desired effect of lowering traffic fatalities. Other studies have looked at the law’s impact on patterns of youth drinking especially at the college level and specifically binge drinking. This should be seen in context of a 28% drop in alcohol related traffic fatalities in the general population. From 1982 through 1986 when...
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...that had far reaching effects on the socity at large. Some areas of reforms were consumer protection and womens rights. From the 1890s to the 1920s these two reforms were a big impact on socity. With both groups striking, protesting and civil acts, they were able to make safer working conditions and end sufferage. From 1920 and earlier food, drinks and medicines were far from safe for consumption. Meat packiging factories did not care what went into the meat. In Upton Sinclares book The Jungle , the book depicts working class poverty, the absence of social programs, harsh and unpleasant living and working conditions, and a hopelessness among many workers. Many readers were concerned with his exposure of health violations and unsanitary practices in the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century, based on an investigation he did for a socialist newspaper. The book helped bring along two acts that would help in consumer protection. The Fedral Meat Inspection Act and The Pure Food and Drug Act.The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 (FMIA) is a United States Congress Act that works to prevent adulterated or misbranded meat and meat products from being sold as food and to ensure that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions. The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was consumer protection laws enacted by the Federal Government in the 20th century and led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration. Its main purpose was to...
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...Does the abuse of drugs and alcohol by men in a marital relationship increase the chance of divorce? Kyle Daya HHS4U1-01 Ms. D’Souza June 13 2014 The abuse of drugs and alcohol can affect many people. More often than not, it creates a negative impact. An example of this is the effect it has on married couples and their families. The abuse of drugs and alcohol by men in a marital relationship increase the chance of divorce. The reason for this is because the drugs and alcohol can influence the husband to engage in violent activities. Secondly, the relationship between the husband and the wife will fade due to the abuse of illegal substances and alcohol. Lastly, the abuse of drugs and alcohol will influence the children to imitate the husband’s actions. This topic is significant to study because the rate of divorce has been rapidly increasing over the past years and drugs as well as alcohol abuse is one of the common causes of divorce and has become a big issue in today’s society. This is why the abuse of drugs and alcohol by men in a marital relationship increase the chance of divorce. A man who abuses drugs and alcohol is very capable of engaging in dangerous activities. Drugs and alcohol can sometimes influence men to become violent and act maliciously. The reason for men to use drugs or become an alcoholic is often depression. One who is in a state of depression and consumers drugs and alcohol can leave them into an even deeper state of depression. When a...
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...ABSTRACT The paper looks at the interactive relation of the prohibition act with market and stakeholders. The findings are based on interaction with different stakeholders and uses a qualitative research approach. LIQUOR PROHIBITION ACT: THE CASE OF GUJARAT Focus on Public Policy & Marketing Rahul|Edwick|Vishnu IRMA PRM 35 About the Authors Edwick P. Bilung P35027 PRM 35 Institute or Rural Management, Anand. Contact: p35027@irma.ac.in Rahul Singh P35170 PRM 35 Institute or Rural Management, Anand. Contact: p35170@irma.ac.in Vishnu Vijayan P35106 PRM 35 Institute or Rural Management, Anand. Contact: p35106@irma.ac.in Table of Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4 The Prohibition Act .................................................................................................................... 5 Background ................................................................................................................................ 6 Objective & Scope ............................................................................................................ 7 Objective of the study ............................................................................................................... 7 Scope of the study ...............................................................
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...alcoholism is indeed a major threat. It is however important to note that most of these studies are mainly centered on the alcoholic. Alcoholism is a term that has many and sometimes conflicting definitions. In current and historic usage, alcoholism refers to a condition that results from continued consumption of alcohol despite the social and medical impacts that are raised by the vice. Alcoholism also referred to, in the nineteenth century and partly in the twentieth century, as dipsomania, may also refer to pre-occupation with or compulsion towards the consumption of alcohol and/or impaired ability to recognize the negative impacts of excessive alcohol consumption. The Macmillan dictionary (2002) defines the word alcoholism as a medical condition that makes it difficult to control the amount of alcohol you drink. 1.2.0 Alcoholism The dictionary definition of alcoholism is, a disorder characterized by the excessive consumption of and dependence on alcoholic beverages leading to physical and physiological harm and impaired social and vocational functionality. The Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research defines alcoholism as a layman’s term for alcohol dependence and abuse. The medical...
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...collection from tobacco and alcohol products by only P15 billion to P20 billion in the first year of implementation. This is significantly lower than the P31.35 billion that House Bill 5727, already passed on third reading, projects to raise, and an even farther cry from the P60.63-billion goal originally proposed by the Department of Finance. Senator Drilon’s substitute bill features an expected excise tax collection of P40 billion to P45 billion in the first year. Congress will adjourn for the holidays in six weeks, and there will be just three weeks of sessions next year before our legislators switch to campaign mode for the 2013 elections. Moreover, the Senate is also scheduled to begin deliberations on the proposed 2013 General Appropriations Act by next week. Thus, the need for the Senate to act and move the sin tax bill forward gains even greater urgency. Certainly, the passage of the sin tax bill has the full backing of the Aquino administration, which plans to use the revenue from the revised sin tax system to advance the government’s universal health care agenda. The campaign has garnered strong public support as well, particularly from the medical and health community. Last May, the Makati Business Club submitted its position to the House ways and means committee on the pending sin tax bill. In its statement “Tax Reform for a Healthier and Competitive Society,” the MBC said it “welcomes the initiative to reform excise taxes on tobacco and alcohol products, which would...
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...Underage drinking Underage drinking is a significant problem in our society today. It is astonishing and disturbing that about 5.4 million people aged 12-20 engage in binge drinking each year. These young people do not understand the terrible consequences of this action on their brain, their education and their physical actions. The 2013 Youth Risk Behaviour Survey found that amongst high school students: • 10% drove after drinking alcohol • 21% binge drank • 31% drank some alcohol • 22% rode in a car with a driver who had been drinking alcohol These statistics show that teenagers are completely unaware or stupidly ignoring the devastating effects of this irresponsible action. Underage drinking on the brain Underage drinking has a...
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...Multidisciplinary Teams In Health Care Martinez, Juan Grand Canyon University: UNV 515 December 16, 2015 Multidisciplinary Teams In Health Care Hospitals are integrating a variation of team-based health care delivery concepts for staff working in intensive care units, emergency rooms, and operating rooms. Team-based health care delivery often referred to as multidisciplinary teams, improve communication between different levels of healthcare workers. According to Epstein (2014), multidisciplinary teams are responsible for improvements in patient outcomes, improved patient and employee satisfaction, and most importantly a decrease in adverse events (AE). Case Description Peter, a 24 year-old male involved in a traffic collision has suffered internal bleeding due to liver trauma and is in need of a surgery and a blood transfusion. Past medical history includes asthma, diabetes, and a significant drinking problem that started at a very young age. It is important to note that the patient is a Jehovah’s Witness and his mother raised him without a father figure. Health Care Delivery Team The multidisciplinary team delivering care to the patient include: the paramedics that arrived at the scene of the accident, extracted the patient from the car, and transported the patient to the emergency department, the registered respiratory therapist that assisted in intubating the patient and was appointed to make sure the patient had ample respirations...
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...of Legalizing Marijuana In 2010 an estimated 443,000 people died prematurely from smoking tobacco or exposure to secondhand smoke, and another 8.6 million live with a serious illness caused by smoking. Despite these risks, approximately 46.6 million U.S. adults smoke cigarettes. Alcohol use last year led to 14,406 alcoholic liver disease deaths and 23,199 other alcohol related deaths excluding accidents and homicides. (Alcohol Use, 2009) Despite these alarming statistics, these substances remain legal and socially acceptable while marijuana, which has never killed anyone anywhere, is illegal, remains classified as a stage one controlled substance, which likens it to killer drugs such as LSD, and heroin, both so lethal you could die with a single use. Why is it socially acceptable to use substances, which kill thousands a year while a plant that is practically a miracle drug remains portrayed as one of the most dangerous substances, known to man? In this paper, we will look at the pros and cons of legalizing marijuana the financial impact as well as the effects it would have on industry. We will also look at social impact caused by legalizing marijuana can it be socially acceptable. Alcohol and tobacco continually kill people by the thousands and yet remain legal, why then is marijuana, a drug that has never killed a single person still illegal. The declaration of independence and the constitution of the United States of America are written on hemp paper there were even...
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...Abstract In this assignment, Principles of Economics, I will state my answer to the following six questions: First I will suggest how an economist would approach the problem of alcohol abuse. I will provide two possible solutions to this problem, while including the four (4) elements of the economic way of thinking in my analysis. Second, I will analyze how prescription drugs affect the demand and supply of other products and services in this country. Third, I will formulate a reason why the elasticity of demand is an important consideration when analyzing the impact of a shift in supply and why the elasticity of supply is an important consideration when analyzing the impact of a shift in demand, while including at least one (1) example in each scenario. Fourth, I will provide two (2) examples of increasing-cost industries in your state and propose why they would have a positively sloped supply curve. Finally, I will suggest how, under certain conditions, a perfectly competitive market is economically efficient. Principles of Economics Alcohol Abuse Alcohol abuse is a major problem in today’s society. With a down an economy, there are more and more people turning to alcohol while actually helping the local package store to thrive. Economist may see it differently. They may see it as a way; first they will “Use Assumptions to Simplify”. (O'Sullivan, A., Sheffrin, S. M., & Perez, S. J. (2012)) Why are these people drinking? Is it because they struggle...
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...it has to be paid to be technically considered as advertising, but what’s important is calling the attention of the public to purchase a certain product. What advertisements present to the public is what the company/product can offer to the consumers. So if an advertisement has to show something, it has to show it completely. This is why if I were to change an advertising regulation, I would choose the third provision of Section 6 under Article VII of the Advertising Board Code of Ethics which states that, “Advertisements for alcoholic beverages should not depict the act of drinking such as the liquid entering the mouth and/or being swallowed.” This term paper aims to inform the reader about why I think this regulation should be amended; it aims to present an idea that these kinds of commercials can still be or can be even more effective if the models or artists advertising the beverage will portray the act of drinking the liquid without it being irresponsible. This paper will not promote drinking, excessive or not, of such products but only try to convey a different perspective of the updated and practiced regulation. Though advertising covers television,...
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...Under the Influence Growing up people learn not only when to drink alcohol, where to drink, what types to drink, but also how to act when they drink by a process called socialization. Many experiments have been done and have proven that people in diverse cultures act differently when drunk. For instance, some cultures believe alcohol causes violence, so they often become violent; some think alcohol makes them feel romantic, so they often get sentimental; and still others assume that alcohol causes them to feel free, so they often open up emotionally. Social interaction, whether one realizes it or not, teaches us how to act when we are drunk. It has been said, “If behavior reflects expectations, then a society gets the drunks it deserves." Many factors of culture alone can completely shape the ways in which people act when they have been drinking. Race, gender, sex and age are just some of the factors that can alter the way people view drunken behavior. For my paper, I will show how age has a huge affect on drinking behavior. Do twenty-one year old adults and forty-one year old adults have the same motivation to drink? Do they act differently when they do get drunk? Through research and observation, I will show that age does have a huge impact on the way people act when they decide to consume too much alcohol. Jane, a twenty-one year old student, is an average woman who tries to spend time with her friends when she is not studying calculus or working at a local restaurant...
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...Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988 The Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988 is a law that gives incentives to motor vehicle companies to create more fuel-efficient vehicles. Since its inception, newer fuel standards and laws have been established. However, this act was one of the first to investigate alternative fuels. Purpose * The Act requested that the Secretary of State study the fuel efficiency of alternative fuels such as alcohol, natural gas or dual energy vehicles. The bill also established a line of credit for car companies to build cars using alternative fuels, specifically ethanol-based fuels. Interagency Commission * The bill also established the government commission called the Interagency Commission on Alternative Motor Fuels. The Commission was supposed to conduct studies on alternative fuels and inform the Congress its results in 1992. The commission reported on the promises of ethanol- and methanol-based fuels and argued for more public transportation infrastructure. Aftermath * Consumers did not see the full result of this plan since ethanol-based gas had little distribution in the United States. Only in 2005, when the Renewable Fuels Standard passed, did ethanol stations and E85 fuel -- gasoline mixed with 5 to 10 percent ethanol -- pop up across the country. Currently, 15 percent of the gasoline sold in the United States is E85 fuel. http://www.ehow.com/facts_7396832_alternative-motor-fuels-act-1988.html#ixzz2jRoYRBMW Library of...
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...products? (O'Sullivan, 2011 p.4) But this isn’t the only thing an economist considers, there also includes four elements to consider for decision-making. An economic way of thinking is through assumptions, isolate variables, think at the margin, and respond to incentives. (O'Sullivan, 2011 p.8) Real life situations, call for real life theories. One major real life problem is of alcohol abuse. Two economic solutions are to impose higher taxes, or increase the prices. Both of these would be considered a good solution because people act rationally in their own self-interest. (O'Sullivan, 2011 p.6) Imposing taxes or increasing the prices we would assume that every drink has the same alcohol effect towards people. To focus on the effects of alcohol abuse economist would make assumptions that imposing taxes and increasing prices would decrease alcohol consumption. Of course it also depends on the way that the inflation would work determines on peoples’ reactions. 2. Alcohol affects the demand and supply into many different factors. Alcohol affects the demand and supply because of abuse and other alcohol related problems and causes other substances to be diminished. Although statistics state that the supply and demand fluctuates as the prices drops, financial and family status problems occur many people turn to...
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...president not only supports the president, but also acts as the presiding officer of the senate. The cabinet members are nominated by the president and must be approved by the senate(with at least 51 votes).The judicial branch of governments is made up of the court system. The...
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