...Wildeman (2014) explored the relationship between paternal and maternal incarceration and the prevalence of child homelessness. He found that paternal incarceration, not maternal incarceration, leads to child homelessness. The reason for this is because children whose mother are incarcerated are more likely to be put into foster care system, thus they are less likely to be homeless. On the other hand, paternal incarceration leads to a decline in governmental support, an increase in maternal stress and mental health issues, and an increase in financial instability in the family. Families lose one source of income when fathers are incarcerated, and African American men often have difficulties finding jobs after being released, thus increase the...
Words: 430 - Pages: 2
...Parental Absence. There are many reasons as to why a parent can be absent from the home (e.g. incarceration, immigration, divorce, etc.). Regardless of the reason, they all have effects on the rearing of adolescents and can cause negative perceptions of family functioning (Rodriguez et al., 2009). Past research has linked higher rates of delinquency (Huebner & Gustafson, 2007; Uggen, Wakefield & Western, 2005) and incarceration (Harper & Mclanahan, 2004) to parental absence. Barrett et al. (2010) echoed those outcomes amongst the data collected from eight cohorts of 100,000 juvenile records from a South Carolina juvenile justice database where 69% of the adolescents came from families without the presence of a biological father. Harper &...
Words: 1074 - Pages: 5
...at-risk population. It is recorded that more than 3 million children are critically affected by having a parent who is incarcerated. The article finds that children are damaged by the interruption this incarceration plays in attachment relationships between the parent and child. The loss the child faces once a parent becomes incarcerated affects the security of the parent-child attachment therefore causing future risk factors. The attachment relationship theory is that mothers/parents who are accessible and receptive to their infant's needs found a sense of security in their children. The child knows that the caregiver is trustworthy, which generates a protected foundation for the child to then explore and discover. This article finds that failure to form secure attachments early in life can have a negative impact on behavior in later childhood and throughout the life. The children are burdened with risk factors in addition to attachment issues. Incarcerated parents seem to be causing several negative situations as the child develops. These risk factors include: * Poverty * Low class living arrangements/neighborhoods * Parental psychopathology/mental health issues * Drug and alcohol abuse * Exposure to violence * Poor parenting well before the incarceration * Unstable caregiving and school arrangements * Maltreatment/abuse As I looked further into the research I discovered that according to estimates by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, over 700...
Words: 1441 - Pages: 6
...Paternal incarceration creates a temporary single-parenting system, in which the mother acts as sole guardian, but imprisonment tends to produce far worse effects on children than do other causes of parent-child separation (Lowenstein, 1986). Separation due to death or similar causes disrupt the family, yet these happen to provide a “focal concern around which the remaining members can rally and mitigate the impact of their loss”; quite to the contrary, separation due to imprisonment rarely elicits any such response because of the stigma with which it is associated (Fritsch & Burkhead, 1981, p. 84). Typically, a child faced with the social stigma of paternal incarceration will often also encounter embarrassment and shame, which may in turn further inhibit the ability of the child to adequately adjust to the anxieties resulting from the separation through incarceration (Hannon et al., 1984; Lowenstein, 1986). The deleterious effects on child behavior, of course, are that prolonged periods of shame and embarrassment may promote depression or behavior typical of withdrawal, such as an unwillingness to engage in social interactions. Unlike other causes for paternal separation, paternal absence due to imprisonment is a multi-dimensional phenomenon, which takes on different meaning depending on the manner in which the particular cause for the incarceration is perceived—either as being “normatively approved” or as “bearing a stigma” (Lowenstein, 1984). While there is a correlation...
Words: 1622 - Pages: 7
...I Population Defined This paper will cover briefly a multidimensional analysis of pregnant women and cocaine use. This paper will explore how women, particularly pregnant women can be challenged by cocaine use. There will be A review of the literature and policies that impact this population. In history, women have been making strides against oppression and discrimination in health, social welfare, policy and many other areas of life (Eisenberg,1998). For purposes of this paper, inner urban cities will be discussed as it impacts pregnant women. To date, gender and issues of equality remain at the forefront. Advocacy organizations like Planned Parenthood, advocate for reproductive health care for women. Certain cultural practices, prohibit...
Words: 1424 - Pages: 6
...North-West University 15 Assignment 4 PBSC 811 Neo Mashile North-West University 15 Assignment 4 PBSC 811 Neo Mashile ASSIGNMENT 4 SECTION 1: RESEARCH PROPOSAL : The importance of fatherhood in children lives. | | Please study the topics and reading material of Quality Circle 2 and complete the following sections of the research proposal: | | 3 INTRODUCTION3.1 Problem StatementThere has been an explosion in research on the benefits of having engaged and involved fathers, as well as the deleterious consequences of father absence. Although the negative outcomes for fatherless children are pervasive and impact all ethnicities, the focus of this qualitative research is on understanding the lived experiences of a particular family that has suffered through the pain of three generations of father absence. The literature regarding father absence is reviewed, and the negative outcomes associated with fatherless children are explored. The father absence literature categorically concludes that the father’s role is essential in child development. This problem statement project aims to develop a program from a Christian perspective that can be implemented in churches or faith-based groups to address the issue of father absence. The ultimate goal of this project is to reconnect fathers in a research demonstrating that children from single parent homes experience disadvantages when compared to their peers. In addition, the pain and emotional longing for the...
Words: 3184 - Pages: 13
...Lindsay Williams Literary Histories The Victorian novel Comparison of critical sources. Ann Bronte the Tenant of Wildfell Hall APR0055-1516 Tutor: Merrick Burrows 27.11.2015 This essay seeks to discuss, compare and contrast two preferred sources that carried out a critique of Ann Bronte’s, the tenant of wildfell hall. In order to compile a factually based discussion, a key area needed to be focused on, namely, how social changes affected the gender roles in the early 18th century (1832-48). Furthermore detailing how the change challenged traditions and ideologies of the then rather prominent English common law, and the normative principle’s that surrounded motherhood. The Critical sources that bear the utmost relevance to the challenging social content that the tenant demonstrated are Monica Hope Lee’s essay a mother outlaw vindicated: social critique in Ann Bronte’s the tenant of wildfell hall. Nineteenth century gender studies. (4.3), 1-12. And chapter 2 from, Macdonald, T (2015) the new man, masculinity and marriage in the Victorian novel. London: Routledge. Both critics, attempt to dichotomise the tenant of wildfell hall in order to get representative discourse that outlines the social changes in question, moreover they seek to disclose how Bronte summarises her own personal perception of gender ideals in the regency culture, and how she displays openness and vision, as opposed to becoming a shrinking wall flower hidden in the shadows of sporadic sunlight...
Words: 2334 - Pages: 10
...Early development of the criminal mind John Sanders AIU Online For many, determining the cause of crime would cease crime. Others believe that there is a genetic disorder which causes criminal behavior. This debate has been raging for centuries and will continue for many more years. Some opinions believe that the environment a person is in plays a part in the decision making, and to some degree that may be true. An example of this idea may be an unemployed parent who is trying to feed the children and out of desperation turns to crime as a way of fulfilling a need. In a majority of cases, criminals are defined by the crimes that they commit. Some crimes are considered to be less offensive than others and some crimes are only crimes because the behavior or activity was made criminal by legislative action which criminalized that behavior. For an example of this we need only to look to the people of the Appalachia region of the eastern United States. Early in the U.S history when the immigrants settled they brought with them their ability to distil whiskey. To those who lived in that region home brewed whiskey was part of their daily lives. U.S. legislated laws prohibiting the making and distributing of their liquor and a new culture emerged in the outlaw bootlegger. This outlaw was responsible for supplying the demand for the now illegal “corn squeeze ins” as well as the creator of a national pastime namely NASCAR. That is one example of what creates a criminal...
Words: 1794 - Pages: 8
...Infancy, according to Ainsworth, Erikson, and Bandura, and the impact neglect has on development Amy Wiltsie Professor Laura Schwinn, HSV 504 Introduction Childhood neglect endured during the infancy stage of development can influence and have a “snowball effect on their subsequent successes in later stage development” (Broderick & Blewitt, 2010 p. 9). Infancy, the time between birth and 12 months old, is a critical stage of development, as human growth escalates rapidly during the first few years of life. It is a period of growth that is especially sensitive and vulnerable to the effects of maltreatment (Hildyard & Wolfe, 2002). When childhood neglect occurs during this very sensitive period, issues of safety, attachment, and social-emotional functioning are often identified as areas that need immediate intervention. The following paper will focus on the issue of early childhood neglect and the possible effects it can have on development during infancy according to three expert theorists Mary Ainsworth, Erik Erikson, and Albert Bandura. This paper is also written using the stories from “Paul”, (a pseudonym), a victim of childhood neglect: My name is Paul. I was born in 1995 to my mother who was thirteen years old. Her boyfriend, my father, was seventeen. My father was never involved in my life, as he was actively involved in criminal behavior, which ultimately led to...
Words: 3931 - Pages: 16
...Secure attachment and its correlation with violent behavior Kisha Serrano March 12, 2016 PSY 235 1N2 Professor: Lisa Routh Abstract The study of adolescence and the changes puberty can ensue are the topic of this paper. Puberty lasts approximately 5 years from beginning to end. This changes can influence how a child views life and the surrounding environment. In May 2015, a Colorado boy was involved in the attempted murder of his mother. This paper discusses the possible parenting style, attachment and environmental influences that might have perpetuated this situation. Insecure attachment and parenting styles correlate with an increase risk factor of violent behavior in adolescents. There are longitudinal studies linking attachment security and parenting with a child’s aggressive behavior. Also influencing such behavior is the media, who have been desensitizing children for the last two decades. When the 12-year-old offender was question, he could provide significant information as to why he attempted to kill his mother, which suggests the child might not have been aware of his externalizing tendencies. Secure attachment and its correlation with violent behavior May 01, 2015, Deputies from the El Paso County Sheriff’s office responded to a stabbing involving an 11-year-old and his mother. According to the information obtain the 11-year-old fell 20-30 feet from the window within the home. It is unknown whether...
Words: 1956 - Pages: 8
...Physiology and Psychological Distress of family and friends of an Addict. Vonsha Marshall COM/156 July 7, 2013 University of Phoenix Ms. Roberts Introduction Even though you may not be the person using alcohol or drugs, or violating the law, you can Certainly be a victim of an alcohol or drug-related crime. In fact, millions of people each year are victims of alcohol or drug related crime, including millions of young people. (NCADD, 2013). Generation after generation have suffer from some form of psychological and physical distress dealing with a love one are a close friend whom may have had an alcohol or drug addiction. Ranging from lied to for no reason, stole from or spending our money to bail them out of jail as well as providing transportation to and from different places. Everyone seem to overlook the matter of the physiology and psychology distress that an addict my cause to different individuals as well as family members. People who use drugs and alcohol are often times attempting to numb disturbing emotional and psychological pain that they don't want to feel (Dayton, 2010). Over the years I have witness several friends allow some type of addiction to take over their daily routine. Fighting a battle within a battle, numbing the pain only to be faced with pain again. Living with addiction often results in cumulative trauma that deeply affects family members. When addicts are using they are, for all intents and purposes, out of their minds...
Words: 2050 - Pages: 9
...2008)It is a relapsing condition that affects an individual, family and the society and impacts on the quality of life of the family, victims of the abuser and the abuser.(Harwood, Fountain, & Livermore, 1998).According to Califano,2008,drug abuse in one of the top five official government killers, with recorded 40 million suffering from disabling and debilitating illnesses and injuries and death of about 600,000 Americans . Rampant use of illicit drugs by Americans started in the second half of the 19th century during The Civil War. During the same period, pharmaceutical companies added opiates and cocaine in their products (Califano, 2008, p. 19). Illicit drugs include (but not limited) marijuana, cocaine, heroin, amphetamine, methamphetamine and illicit use of legal psychoactive medications. (Harwood et al., 1998).Drug abuse affects individuals and the society, socially, economically and physically and is a contributing factor in increasing mortality and morbidity. (McGinnis & Foege, 1999). According to Harwood et al,1998, 23, drug-related deaths occurred in 2000 due to different causes, for instance poisoning, overdose, HIV, homicide and hepatitis B and C. Significant healthcare costs associated with consequences of drug abuse were estimated to 16 billion dollars by 2002 which was 4.1% yearly since 1992(Harwood et al., 1998). Research suggests that drug abuse has a negative impact not only on the individuals who use drugs but on the society because of significant healthcare...
Words: 2213 - Pages: 9
...Delinquency 1 The “Broken Home” or Broken Society A Sociological Study of Family Structure and Juvenile Delinquency By Hillary R. Sheehan Advised by Professor Chris Bickel SocS 461, 462 Senior Project Social Science Department College of Liberal Arts CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY Winter, 2010 © 2010 Hillary Sheehan Delinquency 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page Research Proposal…………………………………………………………………………3 Annotated Bibliography…………………………………………………………………...5 Outline……………………………………………………………………………………10 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………..14 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………15 The “Broken Home”: Truth or Trend……………………………………………15 Statistics on Single-Parent Families and Juvenile Delinquency…………………21 Case Study……………………………………………………………………….23 Theories…………………………………………………………………………..27 Criticisms………………………………………………………………………...32 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….34 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………..36 Delinquency 3 Research Proposal The goal of this research paper is to explore the topic of juvenile delinquency and to analyze the cause of such behavior. The topic of most interest is how the family structure plays a role in delinquent behavior and what can be said about the so called broken home. There is a lot of research in criminal justice that tries to explore the reasons behind people’s behavior and this paper is intending to address youth who have been involved in the system. By exploring this topic I hope to get a better...
Words: 9153 - Pages: 37
...‘THE SUFFERINGS OF A STOLEN GENERATION’ ‘Given the history of the European colonisation of Australia, many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are wary of white institutions and social welfare’ (Chenoweth & McAuliffe 2012, p.274). Identify and discuss one or two of the historical events that have impacted on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and how the effects can be seen today. This paper aims to discuss how the assimilation policy and forced separation of Indigenous children from their families and culture has affected the mental health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. A significant undertone of the assimilation policy is racial discrimination (Haebich 2001), which is an additional theme explored in this discussion. Racial discrimination is built on a belief of superiority that one race is better than the other (Khalafzai 2009, p.10), which is relevant to the actions of the assimilation policy; the Aboriginal culture was devalued and considered barbaric and inappropriate to the modern colonist nation (Haebich 2001). Victims of the forced separation suffered severe psychological consequences (Petchkovsky et al. 2004), which to this day, haunt and affect the lives of many Indigenous Australians (Koolmatrie & Williams 2000). Furthermore, remnants of the past are still seen present time, through the discriminating treatment of Indigenous Australians, adversely impacting on their health, mentally and physically (Khalafzai...
Words: 2088 - Pages: 9
...objects, sharpening his pencil and touching people around him. Allen has been noted by his teachers to blurt out answers to questions before they have been completed. He intrudes on other children’s activities, but seems to have adequate social skills. He has a history of not completing activities, being disorganized, easily distracted and has trouble paying attention to tasks or play activities. Allen has been motor-driven, defiant of rules, a poor sleeper, and inattentive to direction. He also has long been in trouble for disobeying authority. Allen and over four million children in the United States have been diagnosed with ADHD. The economic burden of ADHD to society, medical costs, employment and work related costs, crime, incarceration, and has tremendous financial burden to families. What is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? “Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD} is a multifactorial and clinically heterogeneous disorder that is associated with tremendous financial burden, stress to families, and adverse academic and vocational outcomes. Attention-deficit...
Words: 3267 - Pages: 14
