...Impact of Nationalism During the 19th and 20th centuries, nationalism played a crucial role in shaping the world, both constructively and destructively. Throughout history, nationalism can be found almost everywhere, with the desire for self-determination and independence as its primary catalysts. Nationalism can take form in politicians, national leaders, propaganda and mass media. In the last two centuries, the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the emergence of independent nations, the two most influential wars of all time, World War I and World War II, and the rise of the worlds’ superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union can all be partially attributed to strong sense of nationalism and played an important role in shaping the world. The phenomenon of nationalism hit Europe in the 19th century. For example, self-determination, and the desire to be independent and dominant, fueled the Ottoman Empire. However, this longing proved destructive and led to the Ottoman Empire’s collapse in 1829, because of nationalist revolts. Although the Ottoman Empire ceased to exist, “The collapse led to the independence of Greece in 1830, and many countries pursued the same independence that Greece had obtained a few decades later. These countries included modern day Serbia, Romania, and Bulgaria. Slavic peoples’, who included Poles and Serbs, also jumped in on the nationalist movement”. With the Ottoman Empire no longer in control, Greece was able to gain its independence...
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...An analysis into the rise of Arab Nationalism following the establishment of the State of Israel post-1948 and its impacts November, 2012 The main catalyst for the rise of Arab nationalism throughout the Arab world stemmed from the creation of the state of Israel in 1948. Israel's creation as the result of Zionist Jewish nationalism led to a counter-reaction in the peoples of Arab states - including Palestine - which was focused on removing Zionism from Arab lands and uniting Arabs to defeat Israel with the Palestinian cause being the central call of Arab nationalist intellectuals. By 1919 the Palestinian people had already established their identity as Arab, Palestinian, Syrians during the Paris Peace Conference as part of their process in developing their own nationalism. This longing for a more defined identity had increasingly become a matter of concern for Arab intellectuals especially after a growing Jewish community in Palestine and an absence of one formal representative of the people. Such occurrences led to a reaction and a will to reunite and regain the people’s dignity through the idea of Arab Nationalism. Examples of notable early nationalist thinkers include Sate’ al Husari, Michel Aflaq who were greatly influenced by prominent 19th century European thinkers. One of the earliest forms of Arab Nationalism was embodied in the Syrian Socialist National Party that was founded in 1932 by Antoun Saadeh, which started off by fighting French colonialism from...
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...While promoting the idea of unity and superiority, many countries followed nationalism’s ideas as they fought in wars throughout Big Era 8. World War I, the Interwar Years, and World War II were three periods during Big Era 8 in which atrocious violence between different countries and groups took place resulting in the death of millions of civilians and soldiers. The driving cause behind these events was nationalism. This concept promoted the idea that everyone that shares traditions, customs, beliefs and language should be united, and created the feeling of a nation’s superiority over other nations. One way that it impacted Big Era 8 was through encouraging groups of people like the Jews, Serbs or Germans to unite all of their people under...
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...Nationalism raged in Africa as an outcome of white rule and colonization of the native African’s land of which Zambia is not an exception. Africans were in pursuit of uniting all of Africa with black solidarity and eventually self- governing rule. Those who sought that were called Pan-Africanists and started their revolt with protests and by reminding Africans with liberating sparks of freedom in slogans and ideas such as “Africa for the Africans”.PanAfricanist believed that Africa had a glorious past and that Africans had deeply influenced Western civilization. All of this talk and liberating actions prided Africans to join in their own movement, but was of course met by struggles and challenges.Therefore, this academic essay aims at discussing the impact of nationalism towards Zambian culture. In order to achieve this, the essay will begin by giving brief explanation on Zambian culture as well as Nationalism and thereafter stretch negative and positive impact of nationalism on this culture. Zambia’s contemporary culture is a blend of values, norms, material and spiritual traditions of more than 73 ethnically diverse people. It is believed that most of the tribes of Zambia moved into the area in a series of migratory waves a few centuries ago. They grew in numbers and many travelled in search of establishing new kingdoms, farming land and pastures. Culture comes in many forms and shapes that are constantly evolving. One way of thinking about culture is as “an iceberg sticking...
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...National Moments Fueling Nationalism, and Nationalism Fueling Wartime Culture LE300 – Warfare and Culture Core Assessment Paper Abstract This paper will take a close look at nationalism, nation moments and war time culture, and how the three influence each other. National moments inspire nationalism, and nationalism inspires culture. There will be a focus on America’s national moment of the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the nationalism that was bread from it, and the war time culture it inspired. Another focus will be on the freedom that Australia gained from the Britain after the landing in Gallipole, and the nationalism that grew while they were fighting with the British Expeditionary Force during the Great War. Lastly we will examine modern day nationalism, and take a look at a differing opinion on the subject. The Great War was filled with defining national moments for each country involved, which lead them to develop their own sense of nationalism. Their sense of nationalism influenced the way they fought and strategized in World War I. David Silbey’s chapter, “Connecting Culture and the Battlefield: Britain and the Empire fight the Hundred Days,” in Wayne E. Lee’s book, “Warfare and Culture in World History,” describes how operational decisions guided cultural development during World War I, and in turn, how wars are “…constructions of the cultures and societies that wage the wars, built according to the principles, beliefs, and myths of those cultures...
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...point in attitudes towards Irish nationalism between 1815 and 1937? The Great Famine (1845-48) was possibly one of the most cataclysmic events of the 19th Century marking a significant turning point in Irish nationalism. The rise to prominence of the Catholic Association, with Daniel O Connor as its leader, signified the emergence of a nation-wide organization promoting Irish nationalism by constitutional means. Despite some early success and the growing popularity of the Association, the disastrous impact of the Famine put a stop to further developments in the short term. Longer term, the Famine has come to be viewed as a critical turning point in the changing of attitudes and the development of a burgeoning Irish nationalism. Historians have said of the Famine that it was, “the most tragic famine in modern British history”, having a “shocking, demoralizing impact”. Kee goes further by suggesting the Famine should be read as "a form of genocide engineered by the English against the Irish people." Ultimately the Famine provided the platform for militant activity against British Rule but in the shorter term it was also the catalyst for the expression of other nationalist feelings, some of which took on a greater constitutional outlook. The high point of cultural nationalism came with the splitting of the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) and the formation of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in 1884. This growth of cultural nationalism was expressed by a growing interest...
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...Assess the impact of Napoleon on Europe The Napoleonic Empire came into existence following the coronation of Napoleon Bonaparte as Emperor of France at Notre Dame in 1804. The frontiers of the ancien regime had been expanded up to and beyond France’s natural borders, with the momentum of expansion following in direct correlation with the pace of France’s military conquests under the leadership of Bonaparte himself. The ‘Great Empire’ is often referred to as a single entity embracing French controlled Europe, but territories were in fact separated depending on the levels of French control. Territory ruled directly from Paris was known as the pays reunis which compromised of France’s natural frontiers (borders of the Rhine, Alps and Pyrenees) as well as annexed territories of Piedmont, Parma, Papal States and Holland after 1810. It was also divided into the pays conquis, which were nominally independent satellite states and formed a zone protecting the borders of the French Empire from attacks from countries such as Britain. These were ruled by Frenchmen who were usually close to Napoleon as a family member or as a close friend, such as Jerome Bonaparte who was King of Westphalia and Joachim Murat who was King of Naples. When discussing impact, the effects of Napoleon and his policies on factors such as economies, religion and nationalism in satellite states that composed the Napoleonic Empire will be taken into account, whether positive or negative on the states. Napoleon...
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...In considering the process of change in the development of Irish Nationalism between the years 1815 and 1922, how far can the Potato Famine (1845-49) be seen as a turning point? Irish nationalism has been said to have changed hugely during the period of 1815 to 1922 in which the movement of nationalism took many changes in directions to complete a vast range of goals including fair rent and Home Rule. These changes were caused by different turning points along the way of which the Potato Famine has been said a key one. The Potato Famine did cause change to an extent but was not alone in the changing in direction of the Irish nationalist movement as other turning points contributed such as Catholic Emancipation, and the first Home Rule bill which both changed the objectives and strategies of the nationalist movement to an extent. The Potato Famine can be seen as a turning point in the change of Irish Nationalism as it was the first time the country had collectively focused on campaigning for cultural nationalism and this suddenly came about due to the catastrophic changes the famine had on the majority of the classes in Ireland, especially amongst the lower-class. It not only created a deep-seated hatred towards Britain amongst the Catholic population, but also had the devastating effect on the Irish population. It led to the death of approximately one million people and, by 1850, to the emigration of a further one and a half million. It accelerated a prolonged reversal of...
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...Nationalism: Good or Bad What is nationalism? Nationalism can be interpreted in so many different ways. There are also several varieties of it, which include both economic and cultural aspects. “Nationalism can best be described as an intense feeling of national pride and unity, an awakening of a nation’s people to pride in their country.” (Caterora, Gilly, Graham, 2013, p.171) Simply put, it’s a feeling of brotherhood towards one’s country. As in most countries, nationalism exists in some degree and plays an important role in the political and economic environment. It can come and go as conditions and overall attitudes change or differ. Throughout countries, foreign companies can be welcomed to the community one day and harassed or forced out the next. Nationalism is difficult to measure, but the effects on the economy can be profound. Nationalism can be perceived as either positive or negative depending upon the context in which it is used. One could make an argument that nationalism is bad because it makes people think that they are better than everyone else, even without fully understanding other countries’ cultures or policies. Of course as a modern society, we know this way of thinking is incorrect. There are several reasons why nationalism is good for a society. First, nationalism is closely associated with patriotism or the love of one’s country. This in turn creates an atmosphere that inspires people to willingly make sacrifices for their country. It...
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...Throughout the nineteenth century three political ideals began influencing states and their citizens like no other ideals had done before. These ideals were liberalism, socialism and, the most important, nationalism. Each one possessed its own uniqueness which inspired mass followings of people that would last thoroughly into the twentieth century. Each one also proved to form a catalyst for the modernisation of many European countries. However, in comparison, none of these ideals had the impact that the nationalistic approach had. This is due to many reasons which ranged from the fact that not everyone was affected by socialism or that ninety percent of people in eighteenth century Europe lived in a ‘nationstate’ which acted as a breeding ground for nationalism growth. A nationstate is a bordered country with its own culture and, the main component of a nation, language. Once politically tapped, this shared heritage and collective ideas could easily take the form of nationalism and depending on the capability of the leadership in control the approach could take many different directions, the most wellknown being: ‘Pride Nationalism’ which originated from France or ‘Blood and Soil Nationalism’ from Germany. One of the greatest accomplishment of nationalism was its ascension to the dominant doctrine of ordinary people’s lives at the expense of religion whose power had become a tattered shadow of previous centuries. However, that is not to say that, once in power...
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...In considering the process of change in the development of Irish nationalism over the whole period 1800-1921, how far can the Easter Rising be seen as a turning point? Nationalism in Ireland is when people increasingly identify with Ireland as their home nation and it also signifies a move away from identification with the British. A turning point would be a single event or individual that led to a great development in nationalism, this being and increase or decrease. The Easter Rising cannot be seen as the main turning point in Irish nationalism. Rather, the development of nationalism can be attributed to a culmination of events spanning over the whole period with each event adding a more solid foundation for changes. Some events that I shall speak about such as the Great Famine laid a much stronger foundation for nationalism due to the great increase in Anglophobia. Whereas other factors such as the Catholic Emancipation Act which showed the Irish Catholic population how they could achieve great change and concessions from the British through a united front. These achievements were limited by the fact that they gave the Irish more power in the British political system, however, they had gained no more power for the Irish political system. Individuals such as Parnell gave nationalism a new face by providing a viable constitutional route to achieving independence through the uniting of the nationalist movements which led to him being the most important turning point. WPRDS:...
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... The enlightenment of the 18th century brought about new ways for religions and politics for the French Revolution. With the new ideas would help impact the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. The enlightenment ideas about religion and society shaped the policies of the French Revolution. “The constant arrival of ships meant that ideas from Europe also traveled across the ocean, including those from Enlightenment thinkers and later revolutionary France. Some inhabitants of Saint Domingue embraced these ideas, but others reviled them. The grandsblancs especially became concerned when certain Enlightenment thinkers attacked slavery. They also disliked the emphasis on the rights and freedoms of the middle class, represented on Saint Domingue by the petitsblancs and gens de couleur. The petitsblancs, meanwhile, welcomed idealistic notions of justice and freedom because they resented the aristocratic dominance of the grandsblancs.” Getz, T.R. & Brooke, J.E. (2012). World history: The human experience from 1500. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. There were a lot of impacts related to the French Revolution as for political, social and culture. The political impacts that were related to the French Revolution are the political ideologies Nationalism and socialism. French nationalism, and nationalism as such, paradoxical in four ways. In their conception, nations often arise from states; in France, monarchs first enforced uniform laws throughout the...
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...Nationalism is derived from an extreme love and passion toward one's nation, and the need for its cultures, values, and influence to be spread. Between the years 1850 and 1914 in Europe, the growth of this nationalism, especially in the countries of France, Germany, Italy, and Russia became a positive force in uniting and improving their nations. As France stumbled past the revolutions of 1830 and 1848, a new, popular leader was elected in a landslide- Napoleon III. Known for his name and plan as a Realpolitik, combining a conservative strength with a liberalism attitude to work together, Napoleon was able to improve the voting rights through universal male suffrage, education and jobs, and also create a lasting impact by modernizing Paris...
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...How far does the disaster of 1898 account for the growth of Catalan and Basque nationalism? The humiliating defeat of Spain to America during the Spanish-American War of 1898 dealt a catastrophic blow to the Spanish nation. In the subsequent Treaty of Paris signed on December 10th 1898, Spain relinquished its remaining colonial territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific. The disaster evoked heavy criticism of the Restoration government and its inherent corruption amongst many groups within Spanish society and served as a catalyst for the emergence of new political forces seeking to contest against the ruling oligarchy, most notably Catalan and Basque nationalism. This essay will argue that the disaster of 1898 was largely accountable for the growth of this nationalist sentiment in Catalonia and the Basque country. However, it will go on to assert that it was not wholly responsible: Catalanism had been built upon a steadily growing tide of Catalan particularism throughout the nineteenth century, and in the Basque Country its growth was ephemeral and would in fact enter a period of a more accelerated development during the years of the First World War. In Catalonia, friction had long existed between its regional demands and the centralising mission of the Spanish state. This tension had grown as a process of modernisation encouraged by industrial development in Catalonia had widened the cultural and economic gap between it and a stagnant central and southern Spain...
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