...IMPACTS OF GOVERNMENT STRATEGIES IN TACKLING TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN ENGLAND Name of student Class name Instructor’s name Name of school Date ABSTRACT Teenage pregnancy is one of the major problems affecting the United Kingdom’s not only the health sector but also all other sectors. The problem has slowly been increasing and through its associated negative impacts has affected the economic status of the country due to increased number of school drop-outs. Accessibility to health and contraception services has been one of the major causes of teenage pregnancy more in England than any other western European countries. Due to the severity of the associated effects of teenage pregnancies in the country, the government has developing ways to minimize or rather mitigate the increasing rate of teenage pregnancies in England. The paper addresses the extent of how government initiated strategies has impacted on the overall teenage pregnancies problem. DEDICATION (OPTIONAL) TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT 2 DEDICATION (OPTIONAL) 3 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 5 Introduction 5 Background 5 Problem statement 6 Research Question 6 Research Objective 7 Main Objective 7 Specific objectives 7 Research Justification 7 Literature search strategy 7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 9 Introduction 9 Government role in addressing teenage pregnancy 9 Barriers towards teenage pregnancy reduction 10 ...
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... |Subject: |Teenage Pregnancy | Classification: Confidential Unrestricted ______________________________________________________________ | | |Summary: Local Children’s Trust Boards are important players in vitalizing the strategy to reduce teenage pregnancy in Kent. This paper | |outlines the local place infrastructure and actions required of local partners to ensure a cohesive approach to reduce teenage pregnancies | |in their areas. | | | | | |Local Children’s Trust Boards are asked to: | | | |1. Incorporate the district teenage pregnancy action group as a sub...
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...uprising issue in America that needs to be addressed in schools. “In 2012, there were 29.4 births for every 1,000 adolescent females ages 15-19, or 305,420 babies born to females in this age group. Nearly eighty-nine percent of these births occurred outside of marriage.” Teen pregnancy in America is constantly on the rise, and the current approach of abstinence in schools is not effective. ("The Truth of Abstinence") The issue will never go away. It is important to inform teens of their contraceptive options. Abstinence – only education technique in schools do not lower the teen pregnancy rates, they are not always accurate, and abstinence makes teenagers feel guilty for obtaining a form of contraceptive. With the downward spiral of our economy, many teenagers cannot even afford a child. This leads to many other issues in our country. Many teen parents were simply ignorant when it came to their pregnancy. Education is key. The main cause of teen pregnancy is obviously lack of contraceptive. In fact, any slight decrease in teenage pregnancy is due to some sort of a contraceptive. “A new study showed that improved contraceptive use is responsible for 86 percent of the decline in the U.S. adolescent pregnancy rate between 1995 and 2002.” ("The Truth of Abstinence") Everyone deserves to be aware of his or her options. If a parent is not responsible enough to inform their child of options, the school should take the initiative. Schools are used to educate. Attending an abstinence...
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...Abstinence only versus Sex education in preventing teen pregnancy Anamika Laddha Chamberlain University Abstinence only versus Sex education in preventing teen pregnancy Introduction United States has the highest level of teenage pregnancy amongst the industrialized nations – nine times as high as Netherlands or Japan, twice as high as England and Wales or Canada. Over eight hundred thousand teenage girls get pregnant each year, most unintentionally (The Alan Guttmacher Institue, 2000). Four out of ten young women become pregnant at least once before age 20. Moe than 80% of these pregnancies are to unmarried teens (National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2004). Teenage pregnancy usually refers to girls who have not reached legal adulthood. World Health Organization defines Teenage Pregnancy as “any pregnancy from a girl who is 10-19 years of age,” the age being defined as her age at the time the baby is born. It is not limited to any social, economic, racial or ethnic groups. It is a serious issue that has effect on all of us and should be a concern from obstetric and socio-economical point of views. Factors Contributing to Teen Pregnancy The reasons behind teen pregnancy are complex, varied, and typically interconnected. As Sisson (2012) points out that teen pregnancy should not be looked as isolated issue and it must be understood within context of social complexities and inequities all of which needs to be effectively addressed in order to be one step closer...
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...Teen pregnancy and resulting births pose many societal challenges, and as a result require the collective efforts of many to provide solutions. Teen pregnancy has been considered a "social ill" for centuries in the United States and has always challenged moral and ethical sensibilities. The economic costs of teens giving birth are significant, and there are many compelling reasons to reduce the teen pregnancy. Research shows that reducing the number of births to teens and increasing the age at which a women gives birth yields significant cost savings for the public sector. Efforts to reduce teen pregnancy are mainly focused on prevention and sex education is a large part of the effort. Current sex education programs focus on two main strategies, they are: abstinence only education and abstinence plus education. Abstinence only teaches that abstaining from sexual activity is the only truly effective way to prevent unintended pregnancy. Abstinence plus education focuses on delaying the initiation of sexual activity and recommends the use of contraception if a teen is sexually active. The success of abstinence only education has been exaggerated according to many sociologists and researchers. Scientific research indicates that abstinence plus education is actually much more effective in preventing teen pregnancy. Solving the problem of teen pregnancy has largely been relegating to treating the symptoms of the problem and employing prevention strategies aimed at young women. Sociologists...
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...Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program Dotlyn Robertson NUR/598 July 8, 2013 Pat Jamerson, RN, PhD Abstract The issue of controlling and preventing teenage pregnancy is a major problem in society. Teenage pregnancy is a significant health issue that plagues our nation and communities. Community and public health nurses are faced with the challenge of addressing teen pregnancy, a monumental health issues that affect vulnerable populations in society. Effectiveness of healthcare interventions depends in part, on the approach that is taken in addressing the presenting issues (Shi & Stevens, 2005). Factors that contribute to teenage pregnancy span socioeconomic, cultural, and psychological issues that are perpetrated by individual characteristics (of the teenagers), peers, family members, and the greater society (Maurer & Smith, 2009). Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention note that in 2009, more than 500,000 children were born to mothers of ages 15 to 19 years, at a rate of 45.5 per 1000 mothers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010, para. 1). Teenage pregnancy, a public health priority for youths, is a multifaceted health issue that is influenced, in part, by socioeconomic factors such as peer pressure, low income of families, and the media (Maurer & Smith, 2009; The National Campaign, 2010). Likewise, teenage pregnancy also creates socioeconomic and health problems for teenage mothers, teenage fathers, their children, and society...
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... Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program Abstract The issue of controlling and preventing teenage pregnancy is a major problem in society. Teenage pregnancy is a significant health issue that plagues our nation and communities. Community and public health nurses are faced with the challenge of addressing teen pregnancy, a monumental health issues that affect vulnerable populations in society. Effectiveness of healthcare interventions depends in part, on the approach that is taken in addressing the presenting issues (Shi & Stevens, 2005). Factors that contribute to teenage pregnancy span socioeconomic, cultural, and psychological issues that are perpetrated by individual characteristics (of the teenagers), peers, family members, and the greater society (Maurer & Smith, 2009). Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention note that in 2009, more than 500,000 children were born to mothers of ages 15 to 19 years, at a rate of 45.5 per 1000 mothers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010, para. 1). Teenage pregnancy, a public health priority for youths, is a multifaceted health issue that is influenced, in part, by socioeconomic factors such as peer pressure, low income of families, and the media (Maurer & Smith, 2009; The National Campaign, 2010). Likewise, teenage pregnancy also creates socioeconomic and health problems for teenage mothers, teenage fathers, their children, and society. Some of the effects of teenage pregnancy on the children...
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...Teenage pregnancy among today’s Filipino youth http://opinion.inquirer.net/74517/teenage-pregnancy-among-todays-filipino-youth The National Youth Commission, supported by the Department of Health and the World Health Organization, convened the 2014 National Summit on Teen Pregnancy last April 24. This summit, which saw the active participation of adolescent youth, delivered a clear message: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH), or the lack thereof, is fast becoming the defining issue of this generation of young Filipinos. Without a robust response from all stakeholders, the Philippines is on track toward a full-blown, national teenage pregnancy crisis. Staggering facts support this call for concern. Recent (2014) data from the Philippine Statistical Authority (PSA) reveal that every hour, 24 babies are delivered by teenage mothers. According to the 2014 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality (YAFS) study, around 14 percent of Filipino girls aged 15 to 19 are either pregnant for the first time or are already mothers—more than twice the rate recorded in 2002. Among six major economies in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Philippines has the highest rate of teenage pregnancies and is the only country where the rate is increasing, per the United Nations Population Fund. According to Josefina Natividad, YAFS coordinator and director of the University of the Philippines Population Institute, young Filipinos have limited access to sex education and ASRH services...
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...avoid negative outcomes” (McKay and Bissel 53). Parents and teachers are the key source of guidance and support for teenagers in regards to sexuality and sexual behavior (McKay and Bissel 50). Comprehensive sexual health education should be mandatory in high school as it can provide students with accurate information from trained professionals regarding pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STI’s) and HIV. Both abstinence-focused and comprehensive sexual education programs agree on the fact that abstinence is the safest method for preventing unwanted pregnancy and STI’s. Those in favor of abstinence-focused programs argue that comprehensive sexual health education programs encourage youth to engage in sexual behavior. Abstinencefocused programs stand behind the notion that one should refrain from sexual activity before marriage (Silva 471). Various programs tend to focus more on the aspects of decision-making, self-esteem, and refusal skills (Hoffman and Maynard 405). These programs rarely offer information on practicing safe sex and the different types of contraceptives available. Also, showing some negative impacts on youth’s willingness to use various contraception methods (McKay and Bissel 50). In support of the 2 Harris...
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...Evaluation of St.Lucia Poverty Reduction Strategy [Type the document subtitle] 5/2/2011 808011470 807004688 808010033 807001237 807004522 Table of contents -Profile of Country……………………………………………………….3 ~Economic ~Social - Poverty Profile .........................................................................................9 ~Trends ~Segments most affected - Detail of Strategy ………………………………………………………16 ~Evaluation of Past Strategy ~Sustainability - Recommendations and Findings……………………………………….23 Saint Lucia Country Profile The Caribbean island of St. Lucia is made up of a population of approximately 170,000 with an annual growth rate of 0.74%. The demographics of the population is made up of 90% persons of African descent, 6% mixed, 3% East Indian and 1% Europeans. Their religions include Roman Catholic, Seven Day Adventists and other various Protestant denominations. The official language of St. Lucia is English although French patois is common across the country. The literacy rate among adults is a high percentage of 94.8%. In terms of health, St Lucia has a infant mortality rate of 12/1000 and the life expectancy of men is 73 years and that of women is 76 years. Unemployment rates are approximately 15.7%. Their style of governance is that of Westminster- style parliamentary democracy having gained their independence on February 22nd, 1979. In terms of the economy, St. Lucia has a...
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...Population. The Philippines agreed that the population problem should be considered as the principal element for long-term economic development. Thus, the Population Commission was created to push for a lower family size norm and provide information and services to lower fertility rates. Different presidents had different points of emphasis. President Ferdinand Marcos pushed for a systematic distribution of contraceptives all over the country, a policy that was called "coercive", by its leading administrator. The Corazon Aquino administration focused on giving couples the right to have the number of children they prefer, while Fidel V. Ramos shifted from population control to population management. Joseph Estrada used mixed methods of reducing fertility rates, while Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo focused on mainstreaming natural family planning, while stating that contraceptives are openly sold in the country. In 1989, the Philippine Legislators’ Committee on Population and Development (PLCPD) was established, "dedicated to the formulation of viable public policies requiring legislation on population management and socio-economic development". In 2000, the Philippines signed the Millennium Declaration and committed to attain the MDGs by 2015, including promoting gender equality and...
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...ABSTRACT AVENILLA, VAN NIEL A., BELLEZA, MARIA FATIMA A., CASALLOS, MICHELLE JAMIE B., “IEC STRATEGY OF THE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT SESSION OF THE BENEFICIARIES OF THE PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM OF BRGY. BALATAS, NAGA CITY”. (An Undergraduate Thesis in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Development Communication. Adviser: Karlos Jerome N. Llorin, MDC The 4Ps is a human development program and the poverty reduction strategy of the national government that provides CCT grants to extremely poor families in order to improve their health, nutrition and education especially the children aged 0- 14. The said program has two objectives: 1) Social Assistance, which aims to grant cash assistance to the poor to address their immediate need; and 2) Social Development, which aims to break the intergenerational poverty cycle through investments in human capital. One of the conditions under the said program before the beneficiaries will receive their CCT is the Family Development Session (FDS). It aims to widen the knowledge and boost the skills of parents and help them to understand and meet the health and education conditions of the program. The FDS is being done by the 4P’s workers through home visits, the use of modules on modular sessions guide for parents, family drug prevention program, parent effectiveness service and empowerment and viii reaffirmation of paternal abilities. The role of the parents in helping their children attain...
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...focus of debate centering on whether or not sex education is best left to the parents, it is important to examine what exactly parents are teaching their children. Upon a review of the literature I found that the research regarding parents and children’s conversations about sex was lacking. Many of the studies were outdated or used questionable research methods. The purpose of this research project is to examine the experience of parent to child communication about sex. Literature Review The idea that knowledge has a direct impact on behavior faces a serious challenge when presented in the context of sex education. Much debate has centered on the efficacy of sex education programs in the U.S. as teen pregnancy, abortion, and STD rates continue to soar in spite of efforts to curb these negative trends. This debate is fueled by a societal shift in expectation relative to the purpose of sex education. Before the AIDS crisis and skyrocketing pregnancy rates of the 1980’s, sex education’s main goal was to facilitate open and honest discussion with adolescents regarding their...
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...Unit 12: Public Health Contents No. | Title | Page no. | 1 | P1: Describe key aspects of public health | 3 | 2 | P2: Describe the origins of public health policy in the UK from the 19th century to the present day | 4-5 | 3 | P3: Describe current patterns of ill health and how they are monitored | 6 | 4 | P4: Explain the main factors affecting current patterns of health in the UK | 7-8 | 5 | P5: Explain health promotion and protection | 9 | 6 | P6: Explain appropriate methods of prevention/control for a named communicable and a named non-communicable disease | 10 | | Bibliography | 11 | P1: Describe key aspects of public health These are the key aspects of public health: 1) Monitoring health status – They do this by tracking changes in the health of the population and alerting people to potential problems, like the rising levels of obesity within the population....
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...Unwed Mothers Is Teen Pregnancy the Problem? Institute for American Values This report comes from the Marriage Project of the Institute for American Values. Maggie Gallagher, the principal investigator, is an affiliate scholar at the Institute and the director of its Marriage Project. The Institute is grateful to Amara Bachu, Douglas J. Besharov, Norval Glenn, Dana Mack, Steven L. Nock, and Maris Vinovskis for their scholarly and editorial suggestions, and to the William H. Donner Foundation for its generous financial support of this initiative. The contributions of other supporters are also greatly appreciated. On the cover: Maternity (1950) by Milton Avery. Oil on canvas, 32 X 46 inches. Collection of Sally M. Avery. ©1999, Milton Avery Trust/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York, NY. © 1999, Institute for American Values. All rights reserved. No reproduction of the materials contained herein is permitted without the written permission of the Institute for American Values. ISBN 0-9659841-5-X Institute for American Values 1841 Broadway, Suite 211 New York, NY 10023 Tel: (212) 246-3942 Fax: (212) 541-6665 info@americanvalues.org www.americanvalues.org The Age of Unwed Mothers Is Teen Pregnancy the Problem? Executive Summary Why have three decades of intensive national effort to reduce teen pregnancy not been more successful? Largely because for three decades, we have framed the problem falsely. What we have called our “teen pregnancy” crisis is not really...
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