...self-report measures of prejudicial views have declined rapidly, researchers have found pro-white and anti-black biases still happens below the conscious level. Such findings raise the questions of whether humans inherently have racial bias and whether these automatic biological processes can be counteracted through social intervention. The purpose of this paper is to propose mechanisms of racial bias and demonstrate their operation in relation to personal identity at the biological, psychological, and social level. An individual’s perception of himself and others depends on the personal, relational, and the collective phenomenon of identity. An understanding of how identity operates as a mechanism of racial bias at the psychological...
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...found very interesting is ethnic and racial minorities exposure to discrimination. This discrimination comes in various forms and can be very destructive to minority families. One thing that I learned a lot about was the concept of implicit bias. Implicit biases are attitudes or stereotypes that unconsciously affect our actions and understanding. Everyone has implicit biases that impact the way they treat others. Making yourself aware of these implicit biases can help prevent you from discriminating against others. Implicit biases can result in microaggressions, which are little remarks that, even though aren’t meant as offensive, are insulting. Microaggressions can sometimes meant to be positive, such as “you speak English so well”, but they are rooted in stereotypes. Microaggressions occur on a daily basis for many minorities, and are often compared to a mosquito bite. One or two may not be uncomfortable, but if they keep occurring they can cause a lot of damage. Another concept I learned a lot about was institutional racism. Institutional racism is the tendency of social institutions to treat groups differently because of their race. Institutions can be set up in such a way that allows on race to do very well, while simultaneously treating other races in a negative manner. One institution that seems to struggle with institutional racism is the education system. A clear example of institutional racism in the...
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...Implicit Bias has become an issue that I no longer believe is an unconscious decision. Everyone on the planet is allowed to have their own opinion and beliefs about another individual, however when it comes to a point of life or death in the workforce something must change. Implicit bias is a certain attitude or stereotype that we have towards someone. You act a way out of unawareness towards another race or culture. Although in my opinion, I believe that if you know much more about a race then your unconscious decision wouldn’t be as racist. I am sure that at some point in my life I have shown implicit bias towards another race. As I grow older and I see how it affects the black community the most, I try to get out of the habit of doing...
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...Name: Hasham Tariq Reg no: 12882 Subject: Research Proposal 1 (Rp1) Class: Tuesday 6 to 9 Assignment: Abstract/References of 10 research papers (Motivation/Discrimination) Submitted to: Dr Akif Hussain / Dr Imtiaz Subhani 1. When Searching Hurts: The Role of Information Search in Reactions to Gender Discrimination Abstract Two laboratory studies conducted with Dutch students explored women’s motivation to search for evidence of gender discrimination and its effects on psychological well-being. Study 1 (N = 161) considered situational self-relevance of one’s personal outcomes (personal failure or success) on women’s motivation to collect information about gender discrimination. Study 2 (N = 106) manipulated information search and studied its effects on well-being when information contains evidence of gender discrimination or personal failure. Results revealed that women are motivated to search for evidence of discrimination when outcomes are highly self-relevant (Study 1) or the need to search is high (Study 2). Furthermore women suffer from evidence of prejudice, but only when they are personally affected by this prejudice and evidence suggests it is pervasive. References -When Searching Hurts: The Role of Information Search in Reactions to Gender Discrimination Katherine Stroebe, Manuela Barreto and Naomi Ellemers SEX ROLES, Volume 62, Numbers 1-2 (2010), 60-76, DOI: 10.1007/s11199-009-9700-y Published online: 24 September 2009 # Springer Science...
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...Prejudice Introduction Prejudice is a term that I unfortunately am very familiar with. Although I am a blended individual, composed of various races and ethnicities, I primarily identify myself as being a black woman. I have encountered various forms of prejudices since I was a little girl. Just recently for example, I was told at work that I had pretty hair for a black girl, and that most black girls like myself did not have the type of hair that I had. The woman then asked me if I put water on my hair would it curl up like one of my other co-workers hair who was obviously bi-racial. I was offended by her remarks and questions, and I was concerned for her and her lack of knowledge. I really had to sit and analyze what she had just said to me. What did she mean by most black girls did not have hair like mine? Is she saying that all black women have nappy, coarse, hair that is not pretty? Is she saying that it is impossible for a black woman’s hair to curl? To avoid being rude I told her thank you, my hair curls, and I walked away dumbfounded. I had another incident occur in Vegas that was non race related, it was size related. I am not a skinny woman, I am very curvaceous and in my culture it is welcomed and viewed positively. The term for women my shape and size is “thick”. Some individuals view it as a good thing and some do not. Well every year my friends and I go to Vegas for Memorial Day weekend, and we research exclusive parties and attend them. One particular year...
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...Bloom’s book, Suspicion Nation, provided insights to the story of the shooting of Trayvon Martin in Sanford, Florida in 2012. In the book, the author analyzed the underlying cause of the tragedy and the unfair treatment of African Americans ever since the era of slavery. The author also adopted many evidences and experiments to prove her statement and support her argument, so that readers can sympathize the unfairly treated African Americans and pursue true racial equality that contain no racial biases. In the beginning, the author cited the example of sociology professor LePiere and his survey conducted in 1930s. The example proved that the surveys often contain answers conformed by the society instead of measurement of actual situation. Although people don't want to be called racist, they still show certain racial biases. Some social scientists creatively put...
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...There has always been tension raised between maintaining a safe society and observing by the constitutional right of its citizens. People have always criticized the aggressive way police officers prevent crime. The African American and Hispanic communities have concerned about racial profiling when referring to crime and sentences. They have commented that discrimination and color blind will never end. The 4th amendment of the us constitution enforce the notion that all man is created equal, it also protects people against arbitrary arrest, and the basis of the law regarding search warrants, stop and frisk and safety inspections. However this controversy of discrimination and racial profiling against minorities and people of color will never end. Black and Hispanic will always be racially profiled when referring to blame someone about any situation. There will always be big stark racial disparities is what define American’s relationship with the death penalty and people of color. That’s why many people argue that the criminal justice system affirmatively depends on inequality. Traditionally courts around the United States have shown that they all have been designed to prosecute adult offenders, juveniles are treated differently, they are not seen as criminals, and they are seen as delinquents and...
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...Racial Bias in Therapy: How to ethically treat all cultures Heather Worthey Liberty University Abstract Despite how technologically advanced the United States is, the United States has a long way to go when it comes to bias. Racial bias is alive and thriving today. One's skin color does not make them less or more of a person, but some still hold onto the hatred they have for others. Some racial bias is conscious in the words and language used. Racial bias can be placed on others unintentionally by our thoughts and actions. As counselors, we have to be able to keep our bias in check. Having bias in therapy can be detrimental to our clients and to us professionally. When we let our biases cloud our judgment, we may look negatively on others when she should be trying to help them instead. Letting our biases be part of therapy can also set us up for ethical violations which could endanger our licensure. It is important that helping professionals take the time to educate themselves on racial bias and make the efforts to not let bias effect their clients and the therapy sessions. As counselors, one will interact with many different people from many different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Counseling is no exception to the cycles of racism, despite the education and intentions of therapists who would like to think they would never deliberately act in a racist manner toward any of their clients. Unfortunately, even when a therapist has received multicultural training, racism...
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...Steven Rousse English Composition Professor David Mook September 15, 2014 Is Law Enforcement Racist? Racism, stereotypes, racial profiling, discrimination, no matter what you call it it’s all the same thing, and it has been around for years. Lately racial discrimination has been greatly decreased, yet not completely eradicated. One would think that the last place there wouldn’t be a single shred of any discrimination in law enforcement, however, there is and the fact that there is racial discrimination makes for some very controversial cases; such as the case of the shooting of Michael Brown, the brutal beating of Rodney King, and the wrongful beating of Abner Louima. All of these incidents happened because of an unfair percentage that police are to show more brutality to a minority group than to whites and there are plenty of facts that support this such as the amount of white officers over colored ones, and the biases and stereotypes that are to blame for “racism” in law enforcement. The case of Michael Brown in Fergusson, Missouri a predominantly black society, with a predominantly white police force, there are multiple stories that both tell stories of what people saw. One account states that the teenager Michael Brown had his hands in the air and was surrendering whilst unarmed; the officer opened fire and killed him. However, what the authorities say is the exact opposite in which Michael Brown actually attempted to attack the officer in his car and tried to...
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...presented today where minorities find themselves as the victims of racial profiling by police and government officials. This leads many minorities to feel targeted by them, and even harbor mistrust and suspicion. The social problem that I’m focusing on is racial profiling and the effects that it has on communities and society overall. Racial profiling is a widespread problem in society that often makes communities have strained relationships and a mistrusting relationship, which leads to a greater chance of having conflict between the two. Racial profiling is defined as, “The discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime...
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...When managers are asked this question How ethical are you? They usually reply that they are ethical but you are probably not. We sometimesmake unethical decisions unconsciously. This article explains four related sources of unintentional unethical decision making. They are implicit forms of prejudice, bias that favors one's own group, conflict of interest and overclaiming credit. Implicit forms of prejudice is also known as unconscious stereotypes and attitudes towards people. In the mid 1990's professor Tony Greenwald (university of Washington) developed a tool called Implicit Association Test (IAT). This test exposes your decisions making based on race, gender, religion and so on. Bias that favors your group. We have probably all done this. Referred a friend, or relative to get a job. We tend to do favors for those that are similiar to us. Perhaps same race, religion, employer or attend the same school. This is called in group favoritism. While discriminating these who are different from us is consider un-ethical. We tend to judge African Americans, Arabs, poor, gays and lesbians. On the contrary, 75% of testakers (IAT) will choose the young, rich and white. Conflict of interest can lead to intentionally corrupt behavior. Experiments show how powerful such conflicts can unintentionally change decision making. Several examples are a physician accepting payments from clinical trials, lawyers fees based on their clients settlements. Overclaiming credit is when you give yourself...
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...teaching takes place from the viewpoint of whites. Moreover, educational materials have traditionally either excluded racial and ethnic minorities or presented them in an unflattering way (Farley, 2012). To remedy this, a true multicultural approach to learning is needed. This means the cultural bias that weaves its way through the entire educational institution needs to be addressed. Thus, the current stance on educational tracks, bilingual education, textbook development, and testing needs to be reevaluated (Farley, 2012). Likewise, the influence of teacher expectations in regards to learning ability and achievement must be dealt with. Addressing Inequities in Education As previously mentioned, America is undoubtedly a culturally diverse nation. People from all different walks of life make this country their home. However, society has been slow to...
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...country feel targeted, and hopeless against a system they perceive as oppressive, and racist. This issue has created a divide between the police, and the public. In addition, citizens question if the cops are protecting them or not. Although, it may seem like a problem with the law enforcement, both sides contribute to this issue, and continue to increase racial tensions in America....
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...Introduction: What is the effect of racism on healthcare inequality in the United States? Healthcare in the United States has always been a contentious issue. A good healthcare system is necessary for a society to function properly, but how to best implement it has been a subject for debate. Yet for many Americans, the main problem with healthcare in the United States intersects with another institutional problem: institutional racism. Like all other institutions in the US, implicit and explicit racism has always been a part of the healthcare system. Professionals in the healthcare system often treat African Americans and other minorities unequally and provide lower quality treatment that results in worse healthcare outcomes when compared to White...
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...criminal justice system have been a pervasive and deeply concerning phenomenon. Research consistently reveals significant disparities in the treatment of different racial and ethnic groups within the system. Factors Causing the Trend One factor contributing to the disproportionate representation of certain racial and ethnic groups in the criminal justice system is the over-policing of minority communities. Law enforcement agencies often deploy more resources to neighborhoods with higher populations of minorities, leading to increased surveillance, stops, and arrests within these communities. Racial profiling, or the practice of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on their race or ethnicity, remains...
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