...Identify the link between imprisonment and suicide(10) Psychologists have identified a link between imprisonment and suicide. Prison is not an environment which promotes positive mental states. The lack of freedom and repetitiveness takes its toll on inmates, and it's not uncommon for prisoners to experience delusions or hallucinations as a result. More common effects in terms of mental health however are increased risk of anxiety and depression. Of course, a decent proportion of offenders had pre-existing psychological disorders before their incarceration, but it's likely that the conditions within prison have both increased depression and triggered it in a significant number of cases. It has been suggested that recent overcrowding in prisons is a major influence on suicide rates in prisons. This is likely as prisoners are more crowded in a confined space, meaning interactions with fellow prisoners are more likely. Such interactions could increase the stress levels of prisoners as they may grow uncertain about the intentions of other prisoners and it may affect their own intentions. In a study conducted by Dooley, the suicide rates of prisoners in England and Wales were reviewed. It was found that out of 442 unnatural deaths that had occurred, 300 had been given a verdict of suicide. Dooley attributed the factor of overcrowding in prisons to the suicide rates, concluding prisoners’ stress levels are increased and therefore become depressed and are more likely to have suicidal...
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...A1) Identify the link between imprisonment and suicide [10] Imprisonment very often has negative effects on offenders, in some cases they turn into victims of abuse themselves. Prison causes psychological distress, through overcrowding and bullying. This can lead to offenders self-harming and in many cases it can lead to suicide, which is more common in prison than the general population. Deaths in prison can be given various rulings by the coroner such as suicide (the prisoner had the intention to kill themselves), death by misadventure (accidental death) which in some instances can be self-harm gone wrong, and open verdicts. Dooley et al wanted to examine the unnatural deaths that occurred in prisons in England and Wales from 1972 and 1987. This research was in the form of a content analysis of prison department personal papers of prisoners’ records. Dooley compared verdicts of suicide with verdicts of unnatural causes or death by misadventure rulings. The research found that 300 suicides occurred in the time frame, 52 of which were due to self-inflicted harm gone wrong. There was little difference between the suicide group and the group that had self-harmed. However there were some real differences. For example, it was found that the prisoners who committed suicide were more likely to do so at night (this is so there is a less likely chance of them being caught in the act) and that the self-harm gone wrong group were more likely to be found during the daytime (this...
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...murder of his 12 year old daughter named Tracey. Tracey was not considered to be a normal child like all others; Tracey had a mind of a 4 month old baby who was quadriplegic. The accused confessed of taking his daughters life by inserting a hose from his pickup truck’s exhaust pipe into the cab, where he put his daughter. This later caused the daughter dying from carbon monoxide. Raising and taking care of a disabled child may be difficult, but does it go to such extremes where you have to take the life of your loved one? I think it’s wrong to help assist suicide under any circumstances. Whether the person is suffering or not, you’re still taking the law in your hands. Suicide in general isn’t acceptable, even though everyone is responsible for themselves, people do not have the right to die. For R. vs. Latimer case, what the court decided was the accused should be convicted of second degree murder, sentencing him life imprisonment without parole eligibility for 10 years. Although what the jury recommended was he should be eligible for parole after one year. But under the Canadian law it states anyone who is found guilty of second degree murder, requires a 10 year minimum jail sentence. Knowing that the accused daughter was disabled and was suffering, so he killed her to take her away from the pain, it was still a case of murder. The accused daughter was too young to give informed consent and there was no proof that the daughter had asked help for dying. The accused on his own decided...
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...Specify the reasons for preventative detention and describe the forms of release from jail pending trial. Preventative detention is meant serve as a method of incapacitation, more specifically being selective incapacitation as it holds high-risk offenders incarcerated in preventative measures while awaiting trial. Two popular forms of release are bail and surety. Bail being a pledge of money of property as a promise to return to court for the criminal processing. Surety is much like bail but instead of money or property, a legally liable person in place of the defendant. List and describe the six sentencing options available as criminal sanctions The sentencing options are the economic sanction, probation, intermediate sanctions, short-term...
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...to: access to firearms and/or lethal weapons a history of interpersonal violence addiction poverty and marginalized limits of the determinants of health Both Domestic Violence and Suicide are leading acts of intention injury. However, significant gains have been made over the past decade. Both are being more recognized today as health related issues. Child Maltreatment Child maltreatment is any act or failure to act on the part of a caretaker or parent which results in a child’s death, serious injury, physical or emotional harm, or exploitation. It can include neglect, sexual, physical, or emotional abuse to a child under the age of 18. Arkansas had 32,915 referrals to the Arkansas Child Abuse Hotline for suspected child maltreatment during 2010. In order to reduce the incidence of child maltreatment it is important that appropriate parenting skills are learned and practiced. There are programs available that can address proper parenting skills, preventing shaken baby incidents, and educating parents about normal childhood behaviors. Interpersonal Violence Interpersonal Violence is inflicted by an individual, or a group upon a person. Physical attributes such as scratches and bruises are the most apparent injuries, but prolonged exposure to violence can lead to disability, suicide, or death at the hands of the perpetrator. This type of violence can be physical, sexual, emotional in nature, and...
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... | | | | |Excusable homicide | | | | |Statutory rape | | | | |Malice aforethought | | | | |Necessity | | | | |Felony murder | | | | |Suicide | | | |...
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...Pier della Vigna In canto XIII of Inferno, Dante enters the Wood of Suicides where he encounters Pier della Vigna, an Italian statesman who was accused of treason by Emperor Frederick II and consequently blinded and sentenced to life in prison. Born to a modest family, Pier was granted an outstanding legal education and possessed an abundance of rhetorical talent, both of which undoubtedly led to his rise to power within medieval Italian society. As his power grew, Pier’s political enemies began to grow envious of his political standing and started to plot against him, directly leading to his his fall from power and his eventual imprisonment. While he was imprisoned, Pier brutally took his own life by smashing his head against a wall until he died, and thus according to Catholic ideology damned his soul to hell forever. However, Dante’s placement of Pier in the Wood of Suicides as opposed to the circle for traitors, as well as his conversations with Pier point to the fact that Dante pitied della Vigna and empathized with his claims of innocence. In spite of Dante’s empathy for a man whom he saw as a faithful servant who was unjustly punished for a crime he did not commit, Pier della Vigna still violated Catholic doctrine by taking his own life and for this reason his soul will forever remain in the Wood of Suicides where, even after the Last Judgment, all those who took their own lives will in theory retrieve their corpses and hang them on the trees in the wood as a sign of their...
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...Based Analysis of ‘The Right to Die’ What constitutes as the ‘right to die’? According to US Legal Inc., the “right to die” refers to a variety of issues associated with the decision of whether or not an individual should be allowed to die when it is possible for them to continue living with the aid of life support, or in a debilitated state. More specifically, it refers to the idea that an individual diagnosed with a terminal illness, committing suicide before death occurs, should be permissible with their right to refuse an extension of life through artificial or heroic efforts acknowledged. In this term paper, analyzed, are the economic issues and concerns associated with the fight for the ‘right to die’ in Canada. Explored,...
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...country since ages. As per section 2 of the Dowry Prohibition Act.,1961 dowry is defined as “dowry includes any property or valuable security given or greed to be given either directly or indirectly: -By one party to a marriage to the other party to the marriage; or -By the parents of either party to a marriage or by any other person, to either party to the marriage or to any other person at or before or any time after the marriage in connection with the marriage of the said parties. During the ancient times dowry was considered as a custom in our country. The custom however became a social evil with the passage of time. This social evil has taken lives of many innocent brides for its non fulfillment. Deaths of young brides through suicide or homicide following disputes over the dowry are increasingly a feature of Indian society. Marriages in India are usually arranged by parents and the wife becomes a member of the husband's family, in most cases moves in with them. Since most marriages are arranged with the assistance of third parties, the family generally do not know each other well. Nevertheless, the newly wedded bride is expected to switch her principal loyalty overnight to her husband's family. The husband's family may make little accommodation to the bride, but expect her to adjust to them. Since they are now supporting her, the husband’s family believes that she must be considerate to their wishes. If they think she is not, they may feel justified...
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...wrists but the imaginative ones given to us by those of higher authority – as William Blake once decried “mind-forged manacles.” Andy Dufresne’s character in Shawshank Redemption offers a brilliant message to any audience – old or young – about the power of resilience under imprisonment. There is more to life than what is inside the walls that surround you; in such, “imprisonment” was merely an imaginative force that is constructed by the mental realms. At least, that was Shawshank Redemption’s attempted conveyance; Dufresne’s character, conceptualized and manifested by the director Frank Darabont, both humanizes as well as critiques the imprisoned and the idea of imprisonment. Set in the 1940s, when Rita Hayworth, an over-the-top sex symbol in the American film industry, was alive and flourishing, Shawshank Redemption takes the ordinary lives of Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins), Ellis Boyd “Red” Redding (Morgan Freemand), Warden Samuel Norton (Bob Gunton), the hotshot Tommy Williams (Gil Bellows), and Brooks Hatlen (James Whitmore), and coalesces them altogether to set the stage for one of the greatest stories ever set in the dusty grounds of Shawshank State Penitentiary in Maine. Everything from Andy’s imprisonment to his eventual escape was integral events in Shawshank Redemption’s message regarding the necessity for humanity. Following, I will attempt to dissect the movie into three topics for analysis in the following paragraphs, with a conclusion which will reveal an overall reception...
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...Alyssa Anderson PLS 300 (2): Introduction to Law and Civil Procedure Eilers v. Coy 2 F. Supp. 1093 (D. Minn. 1984) MEMORANDUM AND ORDER MacLAUGHLIN, District Judge. The plaintiff in this case, William Eilers, has moved the Court to enter a directed verdict against the defendants on his claims that the defendants falsely imprisoned him. The evidence in this case has established the following facts. The plaintiff William Eilers was abducted from outside a clinic in Winona, MN in the early afternoon of Monday, August 16, 1982 by his parents and relatives and by the defendant deprogrammers who had been hired by the parents of the plaintiff. The plaintiff was 24 years old. At the time of the abduction, Bill Eilers was a member of the religious group Disciples of the Lord Jesus Christ. There is ample evidence that this group is an authoritarian religious fellowship directed with an iron hand by Brother Rama Behera. There is also evidence that Bill Eilers’ personality, and to some extent his appearance, changed substantially after he became a member of the group. These changes were clearly of great concern to members of the plaintiff’s family. However, other than as they may have affected the intent of the parents (in the actions they took), the beliefs and practices of the Disciples of the Lord Jesus Christ should not be, and are not, on trial on this case. While leaving the Winona Clinic on August 16, 1982 the plaintiff (who was on crutches at the time due...
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...Section | Sub-section | Topic | Study | Aim of Research/Findings | Method Used | Evaluation Points | After a Guilty Verdict | Imprisonment | Planner Behaviour once freed from jail | Gillis and Nafekh (2005) | Aim: To investigate the effect of planning employment on recidivism.Results: Those on employment programmes were more likely to remain on conditional release and less likely to reoffend. | Content Analysis | * No cause and effect. * Reoffending figures will not include “hidden crime”. * Strength of matched pairs design. | | | Depression/ Suicide Risk | Dooley (1990) | Aim: To examine the characteristics and motivations for suicides.Results: Characteristics – more suicides in those serving longer sentences and those convicted of violent/sexual offences. Motivations – Intolerable prison situation, guilt for the offence and mental disorders were found to be significant motivations. | Content Analysis | * Reliability of the sources used in analysis (e.g. other inmates) * No cause and effect. * Subjective interpretation of notes * Individual/situational explanations | | | Prison situation and roles | Haney and Zimbardo (1998) | Aim: To describe the past and present of the US prison system.Results: Original experiment found that the prison situation changes behaviour – ‘normal’ people became aggressive. The journal article states that prison situations are damaging, so alternatives should be considered. | Journal article (linked to their previous 1973...
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...not be so clear. There have been numerous debates about the morality or assisted suicide and euthanasia for at least generations. Is it right or wrong for a physician to assist in ending the life of a terminally ill patient? The argument here would be whether for or against euthanasia and whether it is ethical or unethical act. When dealing with physicians assisted suicide, or euthanasia and society, there are many issues to discuss. But first let us define the two key words “Suicide and “Murder.” Both of these terms will play a significant role in determining whether or not physician assisted suicide is right or wrong. The word “Suicide” means to deliberately kill oneself, which could stem from several factors such as a mental and bipolar disorder, depression, drug abuse, schizophrenia, financial, relationships and alcoholism. According to the Webster’s New World Dictionary third edition defines “Murder” as an “unlawful and malicious or premeditated killing of one human being by another; kill inhumanly or barbarously, as in warfare.” When she or she is convicted of committing murder is punished by serving a life sentence in imprisonment or death by a lethal ingestion. When a self inflicted injury is caused by oneself, which results in suicide, they were crying out for help, looking for a way to escape their problems or just simply looking for attention. Most attempted suicides are not successful on the first try. But if repeated through several attempts, the...
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...SHOULD EUTHANASIA BE LEGALIZED IN INDIA? Table of Contents I. Abstract 2 II. Introduction 2 III. The Legal and Social Position in India 5 III.1 Religious Views on the issue of euthanasia 7 IV. Legal and Social Position in Canada 8 V. Comparative Analysis 13 VI. Stance of the medical practitioners as per the medical ethics 15 VII. Conclusion 15 Abstract It is often said that every person has a right to life and that too a right to live with dignity. There have been a number of scholars who have argued that the right to life which has been granted to a person would be useless if certain rights ancillary to the right are not being provided to the individual. A few of these rights include the right to food, right to clean and hygienic environment, right to personal liberty, right to make a choice and right to live a dignified life. But on analysing the right with a liberal view and expanding the scope of the ‘right to life’ a little the question that arises is whether the ‘right to life’ include a ‘right to die’? As per a layman’s understanding, the question that whether you want to live or die is a personal decision. The Constitution or any other Law should not dictate that whether we should exercise that right of ours or not. This is because of the prime reason that because the Government, who is making the Law, does not know the problems with an individual’s life therefore it cannot be competent enough to make a decision. However...
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...Research Euthanasia is the termination of a very sick person's life in order to relieve them of their suffering. A person who undergoes euthanasia usually has an incurable condition. But there are other instances where some people want their life to be ended. In many cases, it is carried out at the person's request but there are times when they may be too ill and the decision is made by relatives, medics or, in some instances, the courts. The term is derived from the Greek word euthanatos which means easy death. Euthanasia is against the law in the UK where it is illegal to help anyone kill themselves. Voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide can lead to imprisonment of up to 14 years. The issue has been at the centre of very heated debates for many years and is surrounded by religious, ethical and practical considerations. Voluntary Euthanasia - When a competent person makes a voluntary and enduring request to be helped to die. http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/euthanasia/overview/introduction.shtml •active euthanasia – where a person deliberately intervenes to end someone’s life – for example, by injecting them with a large dose of sedatives •passive euthanasia – where a person causes death by withholding or withdrawing treatment that is necessary to maintain life, such as withholding antibiotics from someone with pneumonia •voluntary euthanasia – where a person makes a conscious decision to die and asks for help to do this •non-voluntary euthanasia – where a person is...
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