...Yisi Zuo SOC 101 Gender Differences and Social Work Intervention in China Introduction Professional activity is one of the most important human activities in modern society; its effects permeate all areas of personal, family and social life. As China's market economy development and social transformation, and increasingly fierce competition in the labor market, unemployment and the rising threat of job flows down, various pressures caused by occupational activities are turned into a widespread social phenomenon. Social development is sustainable, inappropriate occupational stress is not only not conducive to human physical and mental health, family harmony, organizational effectiveness, from a long-term point of view to harmonious and sustainable economic and social development will have a negative impact. Occupational stress mechanisms, manifestations and reaction of certain differences exist in different populations. From a gender perspective, we can see that female occupational stress problem is very prominent. Thus, gender differences in occupational stress is becoming a psychology, sociology, economics, management, organizational behavior, and other subjects of concern to many disciplines. In view of this, angles of social work, this paper, combined with the gender difference in occupational stress survey data, create female occupational stress management and mitigation of social work intervention mechanisms with a view to achieving ease female occupational stress and...
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...Education and Gender Equality within Millennium Development Goals: KSA & China Name: Institution: Course: Date: Declaration I hereby declare that this is my work and nothing has been plagiarized. Every aspect of this work has been appropriately referenced using the APA referencing format. Executive Summary Table of Contents Contents of the report with page numbers, list of tables, and list of figures. Introduction to the Research Topic Education and gender equality are critical components of societal progress and development. They reflect basic rights that require no economic justification. This notion is reflected in the inclusion of gender related developmental and propagative objectives in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Yet it is also a case that education and gender equality has broad and positive implications for economic as well as social development to any nation. A significant decline in child illiteracy and maternal mortality remains somewhat elusive and thus the Millennium Developmental Goals initiative that has been deemed to reduce child illiteracy and promote gender equality coupled with the establishment of women empowerment within all regions of the world is poised with inconsistent progress rates within some certain countries. To deliver such Millennium Development goals and MDG3 and its supporting targets which promotes specifically gender equality and empowers women, it will be critical to elevate...
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...challenges have been attributed to complications resulting from increasing sex ratio at birth. China has been worst hit by high business cycles such as economic downturn due to the gender imbalance. The complications of gender imbalance have led to severe economic and social problems (Nazareth, 118). The consequences of sex inequality have also resulted in increasing proportion of the low skilled male population. It is estimated that this proportion of low-skilled men could be as high 1:4 by the year 2030.Economists have outlined that reducing sex ratio imbalance might take several decades to bore fruits (Wallace, 321). However, the positive impacts of the reduced population of small unskilled male crime and disaffection could overcome the losses accrued from the higher population and decreased savings (Golley, Jane & Rodney, 197). As per the UN population statistics, China sex ratio got to 120 in the period between 2005 and 2010 compared to an average sex world rate of 107.These statistics made China to a gender imbalance with a high number of women population. This action has been coined as “missing women”. “Missing women” have continued to increase worldwide as the proportion of women alive has decreased. However in China the situation has continued to deteriorate in both percentage and absolute terms. Economists project that the economic policies for rebalancing sex ratio imbalance in China will take time before they bore positive impacts. Nevertheless, the outcomes of these suggest...
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... Pre-sessional 2013 Why is it particularly necessary for HR managers in national companies in China to focus on protecting female employees’ working rights Written Project By LI FANGCHEN 30th August 2013 Supervisor: Darren Fox Declaration The work contained in this project is my own and has not been submitted for any other qualification. All sentences and passages quoted from published sources have been specifically acknowledged by referencing to author, work and page(s). Name: Li Fangchen Signature: Date: 30th August 2013 Content 1. Introduction 1 2. Current situation and problems of gender inequality in the workforce in China 1 2.1 General situation in gender discrimination 1 2.2 Discrimination against young women 2 2.3 Discrimination against migrant female workers 3 3. Compare with the situation in Europe 3 4. What measures should be taken 4 4.1 Recruitment and selection 4 4.2 Personal development 4 4.3 New organization of work 5 Reference 6 1. Introduction Gender inequality is a problem among the workplace globally, female employees tend to be paid fifteen to fifty percent less than male employees when they are working the same job. (Burnett,2010) In terms of the situation in China, although the Constitution in 1982 has reinforced laws and regulations to protect women's rights, the level...
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...between nations. While these measures have traditionally focused on social and economic data, recent trends have extended to address other features. One important aspect in this regard is the underlying societal gender discrimination and the diverse outcome for males and females. This is commonly referred to as gender inequality. According to Dorius and Firebaugh (2010), gender inequality is where one gender possesses an excessively large proportion of valued items, such as political influence, wages or good health. Although every region of the world has developed policies and laws to tackle gender inequality, Asia-Pacific has countries with varying social and economic circumstances. This essay will examine gender inequality in two Asia-Pacific states, namely China and Singapore. The essay will consider employment and family-based gender inequality in each nation and assess the similarities and differences between them. Gender inequality has major impacts on nations, in particular on the Asia-Pacific zone. Francisco (2007) delineates various forms of inequality, namely mortality, natality, basic facility, special opportunity, professional, ownership and household forms of inequality. In this field, Jutting, Morrison, Dayton- Johnson and Drechsler (2008) argue that gender equality is vital to promote economic growth, wealth creation and poverty reduction. As an illustration, the Asia-Pacific region foregoes approximately 2-4 percent of GDP per year due to low female workforce participation...
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...Hakop Jack Avetisyan Essay #1 [Choice#2] The one-child policy is a population control policy that was introduced in 1979 to relive social, economic, and environmental problems in China. At the time the growth rate of China’s population was very high and the main purpose of the policy was to limit the large family units in the country to one child each. After implementing the policy, the government hoped to see reduction in the growth rate of its enormous population. Sometimes couples can have a second child only if their first was a girl or had disabilities. As of today, China’s government believes that their one-child policy will result in a wealthier, healthier and happier life for the people of China. After viewing the article, “Plight of The Little Emperors” and documentary, “China’s lost girls” I think the one-child policy implemented in China is not the right way to control over population. I believe that China’s one-child policy has been unsuccessful because it has caused health issues and gender imbalance. The first reason why I think the one-child policy has been unsuccessful is because it has caused health issues. Traditionally in the Chinese culture, the children take care of their parents when they are older. Since the one-child policy only allows them to have one child, they are willing to do almost anything so that child will be successful and support them in old age. By sacrificing...
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...educations alongside their male counterparts and command high power roles in business, politics, the sciences and other industries. Chinese men and woman now work side by side in most modern Chinese cities, however; this trend does not hold true for women living in rural Chinese villages. Gender roles in modern China have come leaps and bounds from where they were in ancient times, yet women in rural China still follow traditional guidelines. Women in China have worked hard over the past century to reach where they are today. The change in gender roles was sparked by China’s republic years. During this time, women in large cites were able to seek formal education and even travel to the west to receive it. Communism, although a questionable form of government, ended the distinction between men and women and finally allowed women to break out of their defined gender role. Women stepped up and took positions of political power and for the first time received influences from outside cultures. New laws have been enacted calling for equality in education, marriage, and rights, but a large group of women do not receive these benefits. Women in rural Chinese villages do not see the advances in gender roles that women in the city have seen. The women in these rural villages have little to access to formal education or the money to obtain it. Laws regarding equality are largely ignored and reports of abuse are overwhelming. Due to Chinese laws passed in the 1980s to prevent overpopulation...
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...significance 1.1.1 Background According to China National Radio, more than 7,490,000 college students in China will graduate and enter the job market in 2015, which makes this year “the hardest job-hunting season ever for graduates”. In the overwhelming news coverage, media mainly focus on the largely increasing number of graduates, the contradiction between limited demand from job market and redundant labor supply and the status quo in job-hunting. Less attention is paid to female college students who are encountering gender discrimination in job-hunting. According to All-China Women’s Federation, 91.9 percent of female college students responded that they felt the existence of gender discrimination against women in job-hunting (Ye, 2012). Another survey by Guangzhou Women’s Federation revealed that 71.9 percent of female college students had encountered gender discrimination in job hunting (Feng, 2014). In addition, a report by China University of Political Science and Law indicated that 68.98 percent of recruiters were involved in gender discrimination in employment. (Ye, 2012) Female graduates are well educated group and are important human capital However, the advantage of them as a human resource does not fundamentally change the fact that female candidates are often discriminated when finding a job. High education background does not play its part in the recruitment and selection period. It is not rare to see gender discrimination in recruitment. Meanwhile, in...
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...“Boys and Girls” happened in 1960-1970s, however, the gender discrimination is more serious at that time in China. I was born in big city in China, and I am only child in the family. Even I am a boy; I already realized the gender difference and discrimination. I think in China lots of women have similar story just like the girl in the “Boys and Girls”. China is a traditional country; when I was a little boy, children are usually raised by the elders in the family before they go to primary school, because parents are very busy, they need to work every day. I was raised by my grandparents too, I am only child in the family so I cannot feel gender discrimination in that time, until I got on the primary school, my best friend in class is came from countryside, his situation and living environment is very different with me. He was raised with his older sister in his grandparent’s house; he could feel his grandparents treat he better than his sister. They grandparents usually offer he the better food and clothes than his older sister. When he made mistakes they would not blame he much but not his sister. And his older sister’s mother dislikes him and his mother, he was confused, till his mother told his, his aunt is jealous because he is a boy. After know his story, I just understand what gender discrimination is, I just know China has very serious gender discrimination. I believe the low degree of education led to the gender discrimination phenomenon happened. In the past, lots...
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...Michael Francis 1 Mr. Griffith English 10 9/6/15 Social Justice and Gender Inequality What is social justice? In my words, I would define it as an equal and fair distribution of respect, opportunity, and power within a society. But how can we apply that to this quote? "I raise my voice not so that I can shout, but so that those without a voice can be heard."(Malala Yousafzai). In the case of this quote, it relates more to the problem of gender inequality. In many parts of the world today, many women face the same overarching problem of gender inequality. In the book, Leftover Women: The Resurgence of Gender Inequality in China. It talks of a woman around the age 26 awaiting her family in China, after earning her PhD in a prestigious U.S University. When she had called her mother back home in China to tell her of the good news, her mother's first response was to say, "don't tell too many people at home. That wouldn’t be a good idea.” "…she now had to face a terrible choice: of returning to China and the stigmatized status of the “leftover woman,” or of staying in the U.S, distanced from close family and friends, and without any guarantee of professional stability.” In China, once a women turns the age 27 they are seen as too accomplished to make desirable wives and too old to bear healthy children. In the Article, World Report 2015: Saudi Arabia, It lists many of the rules concerning what women can and can't do. In it, it's said that women were forbidden...
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...as the United States however it is the opposite in China. In other words, half of the Chinese population are men. It is believed that the motive behind gender inequality between Chinese males and females is due to their one-child policy . Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping has established the one-child policy in 1979 as a solution to limit China’s population growth. Although it was implemented as a ``temporary measure, `` the one-child policy still exists twenty-five years later. Luckily, in the era of 21st century, in North America, for example, there is no such policy that entails gender discrimination since both males and females have similar rights as well as privileges. However, even in the 21st century, China is still struggling with its enormous gap that exists between genders because males are more valued than women. Therefore, women are not expected to place in a inferior place as opposed to men and this is why Chinese families seek to have more boys first than girls. The aim of this paper will be to prove the gender inequality within the Chinese inequality, from different perspectives, Sociological, psychological and economical studies. Sociological Chinese gender discrimination persists everywhere, especially in the labour market since some women are being segregated in various occupational categories. Sex segregation refers to the chances of entering a certain occupation or industry for people of different gender. Consequently, the degree of inequality in units outside...
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...One Child Policy: The Gender Epidemic During the 1970’s under Mao Tse-tung’s ruling, China’s population was increasing toward one billion people. When he was the ruler, Mao allowed the people to have as much babies as they wanted because to him, “of all the things in the world, people are the most precious.”(Ho) Soon, the population kept rising and the government came to a conclusion that popution control is nesscesary because they fear that there won’t be enough food or resources to support the people. After Mao passed away the next leader, Deng Xioping established the One Child Policy in 1980 to limit the population growth in China. The policy strictly allow couples in China to have only one child with a few exceptions in some areas. If couples disobey the law and have a second child, they would have to pay heavy fines. They can also lose their jobs and create a bad name for their family. In the government’s view when the policy was being introduced, fewer births ment fewer mouths to feed which ment that there is a better chance at prosperity for the people. (Evans 102) According to Paul Wiseman from USA Today, the goal of the policy was to keep the Chinese population below 1.2 billion people through 2000. As it turned out, the policy has failed because the population today is 1.3 billion. It did however lower birthrates due to birth control, abortions, and early deaths of infants. Throughout the years, China began to have an imbalanced gender ratio. There is a significant...
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...REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL FORUM ON WOMEN AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BEIJING, CHINA 9 – 11 NOVEMBER 2011 BACKGROUND International Forum on Women and Sustainable Development was organized by the All China Women’s Federation in Beijing, China. The All-China Women’s Federation (ACWF) was founded on April 3rd, 1949. It is a mass organization of Chinese women of all ethnic groups in all walks of life, striving for women’s advancement. Its mission is to represent and safeguard women’s rights and interests and to promote equality between women and men. ACWF is also a member of the National Working Committee on Women and Children under the State Council. It is in consultative status with the ECOSOC of the United Nations. INTRODUCTION Sustainable development, as a visionary development paradigm shift, represents a big step forward in the progress of human society. It demonstrates the resolve and efforts of people around the world to ensure sound development and the well-being of the current and future generations. Sustainable development can neither be achieved nor sustained without the participation of women who are an important driving force. The United Nations and member states have already initiated different kinds of activities to prepare for the Rio+20 Summit. Both sustainable development and empowerment of women are considered a priority of the United Nations in 2011. As such, it is of special significance to reflect women’s needs and concerns and heed women’s...
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...Saudi Arabia and China There are a lot of elements that make life different between countries around the world, which makes it harder for people to communicate and understand each other. Elements like geography, population, features, economic systems, verbal and nonverbal languages, religions, genders and customs are common important elements that make conflicts between people around the world. Understanding and respecting these elements will make a safe life. However, the most important reason that attracts people to know more about each other is business. Countries like Saudi Arabia and China are two of the most important business countries around the world. So, learning about how to prepare international businesses in China and Saudi Arabia are necessary. Geography Saudi Arabia is located in the Middle East, which has very important navigational routes that connect between the east and west. That location gives Saudi Arabia an advantage when it comes to international trading. Saudi Arabia shares borders with Iraq 814 km, Jordan 744 km, Kuwait 222 km, Oman 676 km, Qatar 60 km, UAE 457 km and Yemen 1,458 km. Those countries are unstable and that makes it hard to do business and investments in such a region. Although, Saudi Arabia is on the borders of those countries, the investment still is going well. On the other hand, China stretches about 5026 kilometers across the East Asian landmarks. It is bordered in the east by the Taiwan Strait, East China sea, Korean Bay...
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...of China Business Communication in China As requested “Team C” has researched the required information needed to successfully penetrate the market for temporary staffing service opportunities in China businesses per our conversation June 5, 2010. Although the current wide success of Kelly Services Management here in the United States to understand the diversity of cultures in every business and capitalize on it, the opportunity to have the same success in China would require a different operational approach. Potential growth in this new market would greatly increase our reputation here at Kelly Services Management as well as our revenue growth. During our research on how to successfully penetrate the Chinese businesses for staffing services the main focus of the research was to logically acknowledge and understand the cultural aspects of China’s business practices. The purpose for this research was to understand the challenges in working within the Chinese business culture. The following research covers high and low context communication style indicating what is acceptable to the Chinese people. This research covers the meanings associated with the Chinese people commonly used communication style in business practices. This research covers the aspects of the gender roles within the Chinese business culture and gives perspective to their employee structures. This report recognizes the dominant religious values, cultural aspects, and communication style and gender roles...
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