...English around the world No one can deny that the English language is acknowledged as the dominant language all over the globe. It’s a language known for being easy to be learned, flexible towards new word entries, and its rich content. In fact, about 1.5 to 2 billion people worldwide speak English. It’s considered the language of education, communication, business, and politics. Actually, it took many centuries for the English language to develop into its modern form. In this essay, more focus is put on the English language through its formation and development, its status as an international language, its role in all life’s aspects, and the variety of English around the world. The diversity between the original version of English and...
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...A2 English Language Revision Guidance and Easter Work 2015 (1) Make sure you have your revision timetable worked out. Use calendar to plan work for different subjects (2) Make sure your folders/booklets/handouts are sorted out for: a. Language Diversity i. Language Change – over time (timelines, key events, language features, theories, standardisation etc) ii. Different varieties of English (American, Caribbean, Indian, theories, Kachru, divergence, creolisation, basilect, prestige forms, etc) b. Child Language Development i. Spoken Language (terms, theories, stages, etc). ii. Written language (terms, theories, stages, phonics, IPA etc). (3) For each area of the course, revise terminology, concepts, issues, theories etc (see overleaf). Booklets provide a very good starting point + VLE and links to helpful resources and sites. (4) Terminology and Method: For all questions you need to be able to use the Language Constituents and relate these to Context. So revision of Language Constituents, word classes, grammar etc is important eg you need to be quick and confident recognising features like imperatives, passive voice, noun phrase structure, different pronouns, modal verbs etc. And of course be able to comment on their effects: TERM – DEFINITION - EXAMPLE – COMMENT ON EFFECT [See the checklist overleaf.] (5) Theories and Issues. Read and makes notes on ‘Language: A Student Handbook’ (you have to give this book back after Easter). Particularly useful for...
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...English Language Forrest Partlow Unemployment HUMA215 Unit 2 Individual Project October 20, 2013 English Language I am choosing to use the English language of Britain for this paper mainly because I can speak it, read it, and understand it. Well modern English I can speak, read, and understand. I was in the Navy for 12 years. My job in the navy was a Hospital Corpsman. In the medical field we still use a lot of words that have Latin origins. This is the same generally speaking of the early English language. English broke into three categories when we are speaking about the history of the English language. There is Old English, Middle English, and Modern English. I think it funny how in the 1990’s everyone wanted tattoos of their own name on them in Old English. It is funny because if they actually tried to read some Old English they would have a hard time making any words out. So the beginning of the English language is Old English and it was developed by people of the Germanic tribes migrated to Britain. This happened before the 12th century. It had a lot of Latin, French, and Old Norse influence. While if you read it you may figure out a few words it is very different from today’s spoken language. You would know such words as he, him, for and some others. You could figure out such words as name, was, were, and come, these are just some examples. From the 12th century on into the 15th...
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...English Language Importance Do you think learning English is important?English is currently the most wide spread language in the world, it is second only to Mandarin Chinese in terms of the amount of people which speak it, but second to none in terms of the number of people learning it. It is currently the primary language used on the World Wide Web, in the political and business arenas. It has even become the language of today's pop culture. So yes, I definitely think that learning English is important.While English may not have as large a quantity of speakers as Mandarin it is still more widespread and herein lays its importance. Mandarin Chinese is hardly spoken outside Chinese communities, however in many regions of the world where English is not the native language, it is still widely spoken and integrated in the curriculums of educational institutions. In many countries Malaysia, for example, where there various ethnic groups with their own unique language, English is used as a means of communications between all of them. So we see that the importance of English doesn't lie in the quantity of people that speak it but in way we use it. Today the USA's influence on world information is dominant, English, being their native tongue, the same is true for Britain. The music and other types of media that come out of these two countries are broadcast around the world. Most of the world's largest pop stars record English albums, which are played and requested in all the corners...
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...Unit 2 Individual Project October 20, 2013 English Language I am choosing to use the English language of Britain for this paper mainly because I can speak it, read it, and understand it. Well modern English I can speak, read, and understand. I was in the Navy for 12 years. My job in the navy was a Hospital Corpsman. In the medical field we still use a lot of words that have Latin origins. This is the same generally speaking of the early English language. English broke into three categories when we are speaking about the history of the English language. There is Old English, Middle English, and Modern English. I think it funny how in the 1990’s everyone wanted tattoos of their own name on them in Old English. It is funny because if they actually tried to read some Old English they would have a hard time making any words out. So the beginning of the English language is Old English and it was developed by people of the Germanic tribes migrated to Britain. This happened before the 12th century. It had a lot of Latin, French, and Old Norse influence. While if you read it you may figure out a few words it is very different from today’s spoken language. You would know such words as he, him, for and some others. You could figure out such words as name, was, were, and come, these are just some examples. From the 12th century on into the 15th century they spoke Middle English. This has a lot more French and Latin influence than anything...
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...English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.[4][5] It is an official language of almost 60 sovereign states and the most commonly spoken language in sovereign states including the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and a number of Caribbean nations. It is the third-most-common native language in the world, after Mandarin and Spanish.[6] It is widely learned as a second language and is an official language of the European Union and of the United Nations, as well as of many world organisations. English arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England as a fusion of closely related dialects, now collectively termed Old English. These dialects had been brought to the south-eastern coast of Great Britain by Anglo-Saxons settlers by the 5th century. The word English is the modern spelling of englisc, the name used by the Angles and Saxons for their language, after the Angles' ancestral region of Angeln. The language was also influenced early on by the Old Norse language through Viking invasions in the 9th and 10th centuries. The Norman conquest of England in the 11th century gave rise to heavy borrowings from Norman French: thus a layer of elaborate vocabulary, particularly in the field of governance, and some Romance-language spelling conventions were added to what had by then become Middle English.[7] The Great Vowel Shift that began in the south of England in the 15th...
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..."Beyond profiles, uploading photos, friends, comments, and private messaging, SNSs vary greatly in their features and user base. Some have video-sharing capabilities; others have built-in blogging and instant messaging technology. There are mobile-specific SNSs (e.g., MXit), but some SNSs also support mobile interactions (e.g., Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter). Many SNSs target people from specific geographical regions or linguistic groups"(Redmond, 2010). According to Lampe et al. (2006), social networking sites may also serve a surveillance function, allowing users to "track the actions, beliefs and interests of the larger groups to which they belong" According to Redmond (2010) "young people are known to be some of the most likely to participate on some SNSs (e.g., Facebook's initial focus on college students and then high school students left out older people by design), suggesting that concentrating on adolescents and young adults is especially important if researchers are to gain a better understanding of how such sites are being incorporated into people's lives" (Hargittai, 2007). SNSs users can range from young people attending secondary school, college and university, and right up to adults. It is common for SNSs to have a minimum age requirement such as Facebook who advice users must be at least 13 years of age to create an account and become a member (Facebook, 2010). Further on in this study the results of a survey which was carried out will provide more...
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...requirements as to the “manner and order” of the sdescription, which, generally, should be in six parts. Those parts should have the following headings: This is a sample text. The description must disclose the invention in a manner sufficiently clear and complete for it to be carried out by a person skilled in the art. It must start with the title of the invention as appearing in Box No. I of the request. Rule 5 contains detailed requirements as to the “manner and order” of the sdescription, which, generally, should be in six parts. Those parts should have the following headings: Technical Field This is a sample text. For the purposes of according an international filing date, the requirement that the international application be in a prescribed language is met, in most receiving Offices, if...
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...of private study. It does not allow the copying of entire books or the making of multiple copies of extracts. Written permission for any such copying must always be obtained from the publisher in advance. iv Contents Acknowledgements iv Introduction 1 Practice Test 1 12 Practice Test 2 34 Practice Test 3 54 Practice Test 4 75 General Training Reading and Writing Modules Tapescripts Answer keys 94 107 130 Sample answer sheets 153 iii v Acknowledgements We would like to thank the staff and students of the following institutions for their assistance in trialling these materials: Wollongong English Language Centre; Australian College of English, Sydney; Hong Kong Polytechnic; Waratah Education Centre, Sydney; International House, Queensland; Milton English Language Centre, Sydney;...
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...Brandy Badiembie 04/05/15 (Q1) ‘’What do you understand about Sophie Haydock’s experience and the issue of homelessness? ‘’ In the article we learned that Sophie Haydock is a journalist and was also one of the ’50 people’ who volunteered in September in aid of the home-less charity and was sponsored in a ‘sleep out’. The first thing we acknowledge about Haydock’s experience is that it started raining heavily. She also explained how it made the cardboard she was sleeping in ‘soggy’. Despite the experience she went through it was nothing near the real experience of a real homeless person. The difference was that the homeless people have nowhere to go but the streets. Whereas Sophie Haydock new she had somewhere to go if things really got rough for her as it was only an experience and temporary. Haydock also compared her experience and said it was nothing to a genuine homeless person who sleeps in ‘darkened’ alleyways. This informs us that the stereotypes of being a homeless individual are completely wrong and nothing near it. We also learn that Haydock’s experience Simon to raise 6500 pounds, enough to about provide for 3 homeless people in one year. Which is not a lot compared to how many homeless people that are out there currently on the streets. We also learn that the local made complaints about it and threw ‘fruits out of their windows’ which shows how pathetic...
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...ORIGIN OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE INTRODUCTION What is English? English is a Germanic language of the Indo- European family (a group of hundreds of related languages and dialects including most current languages of Europe, Iranian plateau and south Asia). It is the second most spoken languages in the world. A rough estimate says that there are 300 million native speakers of English and 300 million people who speak English as a second language and 100 million speak English as a foreign language. Below is a description of countries that use English as an official language and as a second language and as a foreign language. ENGLISH AS A NATIVE LANGUAGE | ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE | ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE | Australia | Pakistan | Spain | Nigeria | Malaysia | Portugal | New Zealand | Philippines | Angola | Ghana | Papua New Guinea | France | USA | United Arab Emirates | Italy | Canada | Israel | Ukraine | Guyana | Kenya | Russia | Grenada | Tanzania | Poland | Trinidad and Tobago | Botswana | Greece | England | Uganda | China | Scotland | Mexico | Japan | Ireland | India | Hungary | Wales | Brunei | Vatican City | Sierra Leone | Cameroon | Cyprus | Liberia | Samoa | Brazil | Jamaica | Qatar | Argentina | South Africa | Malawi | Colombia | St Vincent | Malta | Venezuela | St Lucia | Mauritius | Egypt | St Christopher and Nevis | Thailand | Morocco | Barbados | Indonesia |...
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...Press 1 for English…. Press 2 for Spanish… Why English Should Be Declared the Official Language of the Unites States of America Declaring English as the official language of the United States is a very controversial issue. We have one flag, one government, however no official language. Making English the official language would unite all Americans, no matter the race, creed, culture, heritage or ancestry. In 1907, US President Theodore Roosevelt wrote, “We have room for but one language in this country, and that is the English language, for we intend to see that the crucible turns our people out as Americans, of American nationally and not dwellers in a polyglot boarding house” (English-only movement/Wikipedia). There were as many as twenty different languages that could be heard around the time of our founding fathers. Today, there are presently three hundred twenty nine languages in the United States (US Census 2010). Immigrants of many nationalities have built our nation. Just look our nations motto, E pluribus Unum, (Latin meaning – out of many, one) which was adapted by the committee of Congress on July 4, 1776 to design “a seal for the United States of America”, which is carried by the American eagle. The nation has but one flag which we “pledge our allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands, one nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all” (MacAuthur). However, 236 years later the...
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...LINGUISTIC SITUATION IN OLD ENGLISH AND MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD……………………………………………………………..5 1.1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUTHARK……………………………………5 1.1.1 THE RUNIC ALPHABET AS AN OLD GERMANIC WRITING TRADITION……………………………………………………………………6 1.1.2 OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE IN THE PERIOD OF ANGLO-SAXON ETHNIC EXTENSION…………………………………………………………7 1.2 LINGUISTIC SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE ENGLISH………………..11 1.2.1 LINGUISTIC SITUATION IN MEDIEVAL ENGLAND AFTER THE NORMAN CONQUEST……………………………………………….……….11 1.2.2 DIALECTAL DIVERSITY IN THE MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD.…...13 1.3 THE MIDDLE ENGLISH CORPUS……………………………………….15 1.3.1 GEOFFREY CHAUCER AND HIS LENDING SUPPORT OF THE LONDON STANDARD’S DIFFUSION……………………………………….17 1.3.2 THE ROLE OF THE PRINTING IN THE FORMATION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE………………………………………………….…….19 1.3.3 PRINCIPAL MIDDLE ENGLISH WRITTEN RECORDS AS A REFLECTION OF ONGOING CHANGES IN STANDARDIZATION………25 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………….…………....28 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………….30 APPENDIX 1……………………………………………………………………33 INTODUCTION linguistic history english language The English language has had a remarkable history. When we first catch it in historical records, it is a language of none-too-civilized tribes on the continent of Europe along the North Sea. From those murky and undistinguished beginnings, English has become the most widespread language in the world, used by more peoples for more purposes than any language on Earth. The early part of the Modern English saw the establishment...
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...Question Using suitable examples, describe and comment upon some of the reasons for language change. Language changes, as do all things in the living world, as language reflects and affects the society which uses it. The mechanics of language change show language as a system with larger and larger scale trends, which allows us to examine the conditions necessary for change. The process of change occurs gradually, and the rate of this change does conform to a pattern. For instance, if you get an influx of foreign words, few people use them, and they spread slowly until people have become familiar with them. When they have, the word usage stabilizes. Another factor affecting language change is hyper-correction. This occurs when a sentence is corrected so frequently that the deviant form becomes the norm in spoken English. For example, the sentence Jill and me went to the fair is often corrected to Jill and I went to the fair. The result of this is that the phrase and me has become disdainful and unacceptable. The ultimate effect of this is an exaggerated use of the term and I. For example, Mother gave the book to John and I is a deviant form which has become the norm in spoken English. Research has also discovered many other reasons why language changes. William Labov conducted a study in America investigating the use of the letter r. He used three sets of shop assistants from high-class, middle-class, and lower-class stores and found that all three sets consciously...
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...“Why English Should be the Official Language of the United States.” by Brandon Brice The article “Why English Should be the Official Language of the United States.” By Brandon Brice gives a viewpoint of the struggles the United States has because of the diversity of language in the country. He argues by giving reasons why it would be beneficial for a legislation to make English the official and only language of the country, to which he argues would be a way to unite the American population. This article makes a clear statement from the beginning what the author will be talking about thought out the course. The title “Why English Should be the Official Language of the United States” is already a statement rather than a question. One can already...
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