...Commercial Terms 1.1. Concept Incoterms are rules for interpretation of trade terms which clarify the distribution of functions, costs and risks relating to the transfer of goods from the seller to the buyer. 1.2. Evolution of Incoterms rules 1936, 1953, 1967, 1976, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 To reflect trade practice more precisely GV Nguyễn Thị Minh Hà 1 INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL TERMS 1.3. Content of Incoterms rules Seller’s obligations Buyer’s obligations A1: General obligations B1: General obligations B2: Formalities B2: Formalities A3: Carriage & insurance B3: Carriage & insurance A4: Delivery B4: Taking delivery …………………………… …………………………… A10: Assistance B10: Assistance GV Nguyễn Thị Minh Hà 2 INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL TERMS 1.4. Notes on using Incoterms - Applied in purchase and sale of tangible goods; - Non-compulsory trade practice; - Need to be referred to in sale contracts; - Revision (year of publication) must be stated; - Selection of appropriate terms dependent upon certain circumstances; - Modification of terms is not encouraged; GV Nguyễn Thị Minh Hà 3 INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL TERMS Incoterms rules do not deal with: + Transfer of property rights in the goods; + Relief from obligations and exemption from liability in case of unexpected events; + Consequences if various breaches of contracts; - Transport terms (FI, FO, FIO, FIOST,…) should not be incorporated; Incoterms rules only interpret...
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...6.0 INTERNATIONAL TRADE FINANCE Learning Objectives: At the end of the subject coverage learners should be able to: • Explain the ways in which international trade is undertaken, settled and financed; • Identify the types of customers engaged in international trade and their needs; • Explain the features and benefits of services provided by banks and other financial institutions in facilitating international trade; • Explain international payment systems and regulations that are in place and the procedures adopted. CONTENTS 1. Introduction to International Trade Finance • The meaning of international trade. • Major parties in international trade. • Reasons for international trade. • Advantages of international trade. • International trade barriers. • The role of banks and financial institutions in international trade. 2. The Foreign Exchange Market • The meaning of foreign exchange market. • Participants in the foreign exchange market. • Functions of foreign exchange market. • The mechanism of foreign exchange transfer. • Relationship between foreign exchange market and money market. • Systems and procedures for inter bank foreign exchange trading. 3. Exchange Rates • Definition of exchange rate. ...
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...2014 Young Freight Forwarder of the Year Award Competition Multimodal Transport Operations in Practice: Radioactives and Abnormals From and to South Africa Submitted 29th April 2014 | Page | 1 TABLE OF CONTENT 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................................. 4 2 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 3 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CYCLE – RADIOACTIVE EXPORTS TO NAMIBIA ........................................................................ 7 3.1 3.2 SELLER CONFIRMS ORDER.................................................................................................................................................. 7 3.3 BUYER ARRANGES FINANCE ............................................................................................................................................... 7 3.4 BUYER INFORMS FORWARDER OF ORDER.............................................................................................................................. 7 3.5 FORWARDER LIAISES WITH SUPPLIER FOR SHIPMENT ARRANGEMENTS ........................................................................................ 8 3.6 ORIGIN INLAND....................................................................
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...Case 7- “The Evolution of the Small Package Express Delivery Industry, 1973-2010” The small package express delivery industry is a very complex and competitive Industry that take a lot of combating and strategic approach to get them to a profitable state. Many of the companies in the industry have integrate the Porter’s Five Forces model to give each of the companies the possibility to make profits with a low risk of entry and a weak bargaining power of suppliers. There has been an intense rivalry between these company and the strong bargaining power of buyers has had a negative impact over the prices which have begun to lower revenues for some of the companies. The most interesting thing about this specific case was the struggle of the global delivery company DHL to penetrate the American market. However, the focus of this paper is primarily on delivery system of Federal Express (FedEx). The paper will analyze FedEx’s value creation frontier in order to determine which of the four building blocks of competitive advantage the company needs in order to continue their above average profitability. It will also explore the main aspect of product differentiations and capacity control of the company to maintain an edge on their rivals. Furthermore, the efficiency of FedEx will be assessed in regards to its current business model viability in order to recommend a new business level strategy that gives that company a competitive advantage over the rivals in the industry. Additionally...
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...economies are more open and trade is increasing both in volume and geography, exporters should recognize huge potential to develop their business. To achieve success in the international market, the initial step is to understand what is important to consider before implementing export strategy. In that context, this assignment aims to provide basic insights that exporters need to take into account. The assignment consists of three main parts focusing on three topics: * Business and market environment * Market segmentation and distribution channels * Financial issues, export practicalities and technicalities In each part, there will be definitions and explanation about the concepts. The assignment also suggests what information exporters should collect to perceive these concepts properly. Some practical evidence and cases will be included. 1. Business and market environment 1.1. Definition Kew and Stredwick (2008, p4) define one simplest meaning of 'environment', which is "anything outside an organization that may affect its present or future activities". However, according to Mellahi et al...
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...International Trade Centre, August 2010 Model Contracts for Small Firms: International Commercial Sale of Goods Contents Foreword Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 1 International Contractual Alliance Introduction ITC Model Contract for an International Contractual Alliance Chapter 2 International Corporate Joint Venture Introduction ITC Model Contract for an International Corporate Joint Venture Chapter 3 International Commercial Sale of Goods Introduction ITC Model Contract for the International Commercial Sale of Goods (short version) ITC Model Contract for the International Commercial Sale of Goods (standard version) Chapter 4 International Long-Term Supply of Goods Introduction ITC Model Contract for the International Long-Term Supply of Goods Chapter 5 International Contract Manufacture Agreement Introduction ITC Model International Contract Manufacture Agreement Chapter 6 International Distribution of Goods Introduction ITC Model Contract for the International Distribution of Goods ii © International Trade Centre, August 2010 Model Contracts for Small Firms: International Commercial Sale of Goods Chapter 7 International Commercial Agency Introduction ITC Model Contract for an International Commercial Agency Chapter 8 International Supply of Services Introduction ITC Model Contract for the International Supply of Services © International Trade Centre, August 2010 iii Model Contracts for...
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...6 août 2014 LOGISTIQUE ET ADMINISTRATION DU COMMERCE INTERNATIONAL François Soulet de Brugière 16 avenue de la Clairière 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq Tél mobile : +33 (0)6.0779.0699 e-mail : fsoulet@leroymerlin.fr I. Le monde et sa diversité 21 I - A : Les perceptions du monde 21 I-A-1 / La perception de l’espace 21 I-A-2 / La perception du temps 22 I-A-3 / La perception de l'argent 23 I-A-4 / La perception du rapport à l'autre 23 I-A-5 / Les espaces économiques mondiaux, 23 I - B : Territoire national, territoire douanier et territoire fiscal 41 I-B-1 / La France : 83 territoires et possessions à ce jour : 41 I-B-2 / Le territoire fiscal communautaire 41 I-B-3 / Les principaux opérateurs du commerce extérieur 43 II. Etre présents sur les marchés étrangers 43 II - A : Les différentes formes de distribution 43 II-A-1 / Les trois formes de distribution 43 II-A-2 / Le transfert de savoir-faire 43 II-A-3 / 7 Critères capitaux de sélection d’un fournisseur 44 II-A-4 / Les possibilités de représentation commerciale à l'étranger 44 II-A-5 / L’entreprise conjointe (Joint Venture – JV) 44 II-A-6 / Les zones franches (Free Trade Zone) 45 II-A-7 / Le dispositif français d'aide à l'export en matière commerciale 45 II-A-8 / Les entreprises françaises et l’export 52 II-A-9 / Une esquisse...
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...Free Trade Agreement (FTA) FTA & Trade Blocs are the same thing but Trade Bloc is the wider picture. FTA * An agreement between two or more countries to create a free trade area; that us an area in which all barriers to trade among them are removed or modified, although sometimes only for certain specified goods and services. * All barriers -> often not all the barriers are removed * Trading blocs may create FTA with other countries Trade Bloc * It is formed by an agreement among countries to establish links through the movement of goods, services, capital and labor across borders. * A large free trade area or free trade area formed by one or more tax, tariff and trade agreements. * It is the outcome of an agreement between countries to facilitate the movement of goods, services, labor and capital across borders. * Trade blocs can lead to: * Lower financial transaction costs * Lead to economies of scale…via larger markets * Result in cheap cross border transaction costs * Provide greater transparency…via new accountabilities and uniformity of regulations and procedures * Benefits of trade bloc * Trade facilitation via assisting Foreign Direct Investment * An increase in foreign direct investment results from trade blocs and benefits the economies of participating nations. * Lager markets are created, resulting in lower costs to manufacture products locally. * Enabling...
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...Tactics of Commercial Activities PREPARED BY Saiful Islam Biplob | CAN-150221 | Date of Submission: Dec 07, 2015 Executive summery Exporting is a challenging job in the garments sector. Now it’s an adopting concept in garments industry. In this regard commercials play an important role in the RMG manufacturing company. The Commercial Officer is an executive-level position whose occupant is responsible for the commercial strategy and development of an organization. It typically involves activities relating to marketing, sales, product development and customer service to drive business growth and market share. As a corporate officer position, the commercials generally reports directly to the chief executive officer (CEO) and is primarily concerned with ensuring the integrated commercial success of an organization. The role typically must combine technical knowledge of the relevant field with strong marketing and business development skills. This means that they are closely linked to the organization's strategic management function, in drafting, implementing and evaluating cross-functional decisions that will enable an organization to achieve its long-term objectives. Merchandiser has to understand the buyer’s requirements after receiving specification in the sample order. In many cases, there are modifications pertaining to the specifications in the order to dispatch on time and the right quality. He has to talk with the in-house veterans...
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...One year to go through the turbulent Vietnam's economy, including logistics industry, although imports and exports reached 202 billion dollars, and foreign trade continued to grow higher in conditions of crisis financial world has not recovered and hovering euro crisis, debt . In 2013, Vietnam faced with the highest inflation in the region, causing many to affect prices, materials, services, special additives are higher freight, sea freight market, aviation world is in a recession accompanied by shipping companies, airlines Vietnam in a similar situation. Despite these difficulties, more optimism about the prospects for Vietnam's economy in 2012 and expectations for the long-term potential of the economy, a "new stage for increased competitive growth". In the positive changes to improve the business environment of Vietnam, areas most clearly observed in the change in 2011 as administrative procedures and infrastructure, telecommunications ... this is the point light paved the way for 2012, and as noted above, Vietnam's logistics industry needs to look more optimistic contributed significantly to bringing Vietnam import-export turnover to a new stage production and servicing, consumer domestic to large fluctuations occur. The optimism of the logistics industry in Vietnam in 2012 through the following presentation: Take a look at the indicators optimistic about Vietnam's logistics industry, it is also the most stable signals: Vietnam's logistics industry has matured...
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...| 13th April 2012 | 1. Introduction 1.1. Background SIBA International was established in 1992 by current owner and manager Sarabjit Singh. At the beginning the company was mainly dealing with domestic furniture producers. Among few years company’s development expanded from simple Indian handicrafts to carpets , textiles, garments and wide range of fabrics. At present Siba’s products are shipped to many European countries such as Italy, Norway, Greenland, Iceland and Ferro Islands. Active participation in trade fairs helps in keeping the expanding company on the right track. Also establishing strong relationships with business partners such as The Handicrafts and Handlooms Export Corporation of India Ltd., is of great importance in stable situation of the company. 1.2. Problem formulation At present company’s situation looks stable. But aspirations oscillate in entering the German market. Company is known right now on the Danish market, but they would like to have develop and have more customers and distributors. Conducting and understanding market research as the main purpose of this project might help to answer the question: Is Siba able to successfully conquer German market? To find out solution for main problem we will also outline answers to following research questions: * Marketing: How to assess possibilities of expanding to German market? * Communication: What is the way to attract new customers to Siba’s products? * Organization...
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...Page |1 ABOUT US Bdjobs Training has been the biggest professional training house in the country. The tracks of its training programs include Marketing/Sales, IT , Commercial, Finance, Quality & Process, Industrial Engineering, RMG, Banking, HR, Development/NGO, Management Development and so forth. Since its inception, Bdjobs Training has been mentoring the professionals by providing latest industry focused education. BT, in this expedition, engages hundreds of industry experts to ensure quality education to the young entrepreneurs and professionals of the country. BT offers both short (1 or 2 days) and long courses in the form of workshop and certificate training. Also BT offers customized in-house training programs exclusively designed for a group of employees. Customized courses can be provided either at our training facilities or on-site at clients’ location. Our training programs are lively, interactive, and include role-playing and demonstrations of real-life workplace issues and solutions. bdjobstraining.com Page |2 bdjobstraining.com Page |3 TRAINING TRACKS Marketing/ Sales Track • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1111 Selling Techniques for Excellence 13 Lessons to turn every Company into Fantastic Brands Advance Selling Techniques Art of Pharmaceutical Sales Brand Management–Walking the Talk Branding for Bangladeshi Business Constructive & Modern Leadership Approach in Selling through Team...
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...Letter of Transmittal 14th August, 2011 Abdullah-Al Jamil Lecturer of Southeast University, Bangladesh Subject: Letter of Transmittal Sir, It is great pleasure to submit an assignment on “Organizational Culture in Prime Bank" as the fulfillment of the partial requirement of our course Organizational Theory. This assignment is done to find how organizational culture operating in Bangladesh. We are working on bank we find how employee maintains, protect and stay in the culture. This assignment has helped us to find Prime Bank employees are happy with their culture. We sincerely hope that you will enjoy reading this assignment as much as we enjoyed it writing. If you need any further clarification interpreting our analysis please feel free to ask. Md. Mashfiqul Alam (2008010000192) Sharmin Akter (2008010000135) Mehbuba Sultana (2008010000201) Kh.Tajibul Haque Naeem (2008010000187) Shayan Md. Reza (2007010000200) Southeast University. [pic] “We dedicate our assignment efforts to our respectable teachers who taught and hold our hands on several occasions to complete such complicated and lengthy assignment”. Acknowledgement We would like to express gratitude to the almighty Allah for special blessing in completing it. We would like to thank Mr. Abdullah-Al Jamil our faculty who has supported us, assisted us and guided us through the preparation of this assignment. He has been patient and understanding of...
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...SATAKUNNAN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU SATAKUNTA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES Anna Tulinen FACING THE CHALLENGES IN EXPORTING TO RUSSIA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS RAUMA Degree Programme in International Business and Marketing Logistics 2007 TIIVISTELMÄ VENÄJÄN VIENNIN HAASTEIDEN KOHTAAMINEN Tulinen, Anna Satakunnan ammattikorkeakoulu International Business and Marketing Logistics Liiketalouden Rauman yksikkö Tammikuu 2007 Tanhua, Daniela Sivumäärä: 85 Avainsanat: kansainvälinen kauppa, vienti, Venäjä Opinnäytetyön aiheena on Venäjän viennin ongelmien tutkiminen. Työ pitää sisällään teoreettisen osuuden, jonka pohjalta empiirinen tutkimus on tehty. Tarkoituksena oli selvittää minkälaisia ongelmia pienet ja keskisuuret suomalaiset yritykset kohtaavat viedessään tuotteitaan Venäjälle. Venäjän WTO-jäsenyysneuvottelut ovat loppuvaiheessaan ja työn tarkoituksena on myös eritellä niitä etuja, joita tuo jäsenyys saattaa tuoda mukanaan Venäjän kauppaa käyville yrityksille. Teoreettinen osuus kuvailee kansainvälistä kauppaa ja vientiä. Osassa, joka käsittelee kansainvälistä kauppaa, kuvaillaan lyhyesti kansainvälistä markkinointi ympäristöä sekä luetellaan kansainvälisen kaupan esteet ja ne syyt, joiden mukaan valtiot pyrkivät estämään kansainvälistä kauppaa. Kappaleen loppu keskittyy käsittelemään logistiikan tärkeyttä ja ongelmia kansainvälisessä kaupassa. Viennin osuudessa käsitellään viennin peruskäsitteitä sekä kansainvälisen kaupan dokumentaatiota ja tullin roolia. Viitekehys yhdistää...
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...UNIVERSITÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES DE HO CHI MINH VILLE FACULTÉ DE COMMERCE – TOURISME – MARKETING MÉMOIRE DE FIN D’ÉTUDES SUJET: AMÉLIORATION DES ACTIVITÉS D’EXPORTATION DES PANGASIUS DE LA SOCIÉTÉ ANONYME HUNG VUONG Tuteur : Master TRỊNH MINH HIỀN Étudiante : HỒ LÊ BẢO LINH Classe : COMMERCE EXTÉRIEUR 4 Promotion : 33 (2007- 2011) HO CHI MINH VILLE – MAI 2011 REMERCIEMENTS Je tiens tout d’abord à remercier tous les professeurs de l’Université des Sciences Économiques qui m’ont fourni des connaissances de base pendant mes 4 années d’études à l’Université. J’adresse particulièrement mes remerciements à Monsieur Trịnh Minh Hiền, mon tuteur, qui m’a donné des remarques et des suggestions précieuses pour la réalisation de ce mémoire. Je tiens également à remercier Madame Nguyễn Thị Minh, mon professeur de français de m’avoir soutenu pendant 3 dernières années d’études grâce auquel je peux obtenir des connaissances de base sur la langue française et particulièrement le français des affaires. Je me permets d’exprimer ma gratitude profonde aux employés de la société anonyme Hung Vuong, surtout à Monsieur Văn Anh Kiệt, chef du Département de Commerce, qui m’a fourni des informations importantes sur la situation actuelle des activités d’exportation de l’entreprise. Mes remerciements sont adressés finalement à tout ceux qui, d’une manière ou d’autre, m’ont aidé tout au long de ma recherche. HỒ LÊ BẢO LINH REMARQUES DU TUTEUR ............................
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