...Variable Independiente Una variable independiente es la variable de la que podemos tener el control, podemos escoger manipularla, y usualmente es lo que uno piensa que puede afectar a la variable dependiente, en algunos casos, no es posible para la persona manipularla, Puede que sea algo que ya esté completamente “arreglado”, algo que se puede evaluar acerca de cómo afecta a otras cosas como la variable dependiente ya sea por ejemplo color, tipo y tiempo. Etc. Ejemplo: Una persona está interesada en como el estrés afecta el corazón y sus latido en los humanos. La variable independiente sería el estrés, y la variable dependiente sería los latidos del corazón, se puede deducir directamente los niveles de estrés en los humanos y el efecto de los niveles de estrés en el cambio de la calidad del corazón. En la verificación experimental, el investigador intenta reproducir artificialmente los fenómenos que se dan de forma espontánea en la realidad y que desea comprender; cuando dispone de una hipótesis que establece un supuesto vínculo causal entre un objeto, proceso o característica (supuesta causa) y el objeto proceso o característica que exige una explicación (el efecto), manipula experimentalmente la primera para ver si se produce el efecto que la hipótesis describía. La variable que manipula el experimentador recibe el nombre de variable independiente. El objeto, proceso o característica a estudiar y que modifica su estado con la modificación de la variable independiente (es...
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...whose action is specified on variables. Take x and y to be two variables. A function f may map x to some expression in x. Assigning gives a relation between y and x. If there is some relation specifying y in terms of x, then y is known as a dependent variable (and x is an independent variable). Statistics In a statistics experiment, the dependent variable is the event studied and expected to change whenever the independent variable is altered.[1] Modelling In mathematical modelling, the dependent variable is studied to see if and how much it varies as the independent variables vary. In the simple stochastic linear model the term is the i th value of the dependent variable and is i th value of the independent variable. The term is known as the "error" and contains the variability of the dependent variable not explained by the independent variable. With multiple independent variables, the expression is: , where n is the number of independent variables. Simulation In simulation, the dependent variable is changed in response to changes in the independent variables. Statistics Synonyms Independent variable An independent variable is also known as a "predictor variable", "regressor", "controlled variable", "manipulated variable", "explanatory variable", "exposure variable" (see reliability theory), "risk factor" (see medical statistics), "feature" (in machine learning and pattern recognition) or an "input variable."[2][3] "Explanatory variable" is preferred by some authors...
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...Dependent and Independent Variables The two articles that I did my research on to identify methodologies and dependent and independent variables are Other mothering as a Framework for Understanding African American Students’ definition of Student-Centered Faculty and A Qualitative Study Exploring Mothers’ Perception of Child Neglect. Both articles use the ethnography participant observation and nonparticipant observation methodologies when summarizing these articles. The first article illustrates through observation and research that it indicates that faculty/student relationship affect student satisfaction with college. The dependent variable is the relationship students have with faculty and the independent variable is the satisfaction that African Americans are satisfied with the school which could affect participation in school ultimately determining what types of grades that are achieved. This qualitative definitively illustrates how social setting plays a part in the dependent and independent variables because the research article concludes” that black students attending predominately white institutions had less contact with faculty outside the classroom and were less academically integrated into campus life than were white students”. Nettles (1991). Additionally, Fleming (1984) her examining the experience of black students at PWIs and at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Arnold (1993) “in a study investigating the college experience of high school valedictorians...
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...STRAYER UNIVERSITY STUDENT: RICHARD CONGLETON ECO 550 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND GLOBALIZATION ASSIGNMENT 1 DR. RAFAEL AMIEL 25 OCTOBER 2012 Making Decisions Based on Demand and Forecasting Independent and Demographic Variables The goal of this study is to conduct a pizza demand analysis to determine the viability of opening a Domino’s Pizza outlet in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the area of zip code 19107. The proposed demand function contains five independent variables as follows: Qd = f(Pz, Pb, Pc, I, N) where Qd is quantity demanded. This is the dependent variable we will have to estimate. Pz is the price of pizza. This is the most important variable in determining the quantity demanded of pizza. By the law of demand, we expect it to have a negative relationship with Qd. Pb is the price of burgers, which are a substitute good to pizza. It is an important part of the equation, because as prices change, people tend to shift consumption to the relatively cheaper substitute good. Pc is the price of soda. As a close complement to pizza, a difference in the price of soda is likely to have an effect on the consumption of pizzas. I is the income level, as measured by annual salary. It measures the ability of consumers to afford pizza. Annual income data is taken from Bureau of Labor Statistics. N is the population size. Its importance for demand is clear as a higher population means a higher potential customer base. Data is taken from the US Census...
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...Virtual Lab: Dependent and Independent Variables Worksheet 1. ECB refers to: a. A genetically engineered plant that is resistant to insect pests b. Edible corn byproducts c. An insect pest that reduces corn yield d. European corn borer e. c and d 2. How many days are required for a corn seed to become a mature plant with maximum weight kernels ready to be harvested? e. about 23 f. about 65 c. about 140 d. about 180 3. “BT Corn” refers to corn that: a. Has been infested with insect pests b. Has been infected with bacteria c. Is resistant to ECB d. Is not affected by pesticides 4. BT is: a. A stomach poison produced by bacteria b. A genetically engineered corn product c. A bacterium carried by the European corn borer d. A bacterium that has a gene for producing Cry proteins 5. Creation of BT corn requires genetic material from all of the following except: a. European corn borer b. Bacillus thuringiensis c. a corn plant d. all of the above contribute genetic material to the production of BT corn Table 1: Average Yield for each seed variety at no, low, and high infestation levels Seed Variety | Level of ECB Infestation | Pot 1 Yield | Pot 2Yield | Pot 3Yield | Average Yield | BT 123 | None | 160.1 | 164.8 | 164.2 | 163 | | Low | 164.0 | 162.6 | 168.3 | 165 | ...
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...Independent variable Which variable will be changed? The independent variable is the incubation temperature. How will the independent variable be changed? Each of the containers with yoghurt in will be stored in incubators of different temperatures. Give a suitable range of values (with units) for this variable. Degrees Celsius (˚C) Dependent variable Which variable will have to be measured or observed in order to get some data or information from the investigation? The viscosity of the yoghurt. How will the dependent variable be measured or observed? The yoghurt will be poured into a container with holes and as soon as the yoghurt is released from the container with a hole it will be timed in seconds with a stopwatch. In what units will...
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...RES/351 Week Three Terminology Exercise v 1.91 Student Name: Chose the response which best answers the question or completes the statement (14 questions). Please enter your response in the green box below the answers "1. This type of study is very popular among businesses, and answers the questions, “who, what, when, and where”." a. Reporting b. Explanatory c. Predictive d. Descriptive Answer 2. The key reason for conducting research in business is: a. To support the decision-making process. b. To discover the root cause of an event. c. To cope with information overload. d. To look for new business opportunities. Answer 3. If a company is trying to anticipate customer reaction to a new marketing campaign, what should it do? a. Conduct a reporting study on other companies in the area and how they market their products. b. Use computer software tools to create an affinity relationship diagram for your potential customers "c. Conduct a predictive study based on the proposed relationship between the elements of the campaign and customer actions" d. Use “data-mining” of company data to uncover previously-unknown relationships ...
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...(Intervening variable) * Age * Gender * Family * Socio-economic status * Educational background (Intervening variable) * Age * Gender * Family * Socio-economic status * Educational background (Dependent variable) Subject Grades (Dependent variable) Subject Grades (Independent variable) Factors affecting UE Mechanical Engineering student’s Study Habits (Independent variable) Factors affecting UE Mechanical Engineering student’s Study Habits CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK We summarize our research by three boxes labeled as independent variable, dependent variable and intervening variable. Our research title is Factor Affecting UE Mechanical Engineering Student’s Study Habits and its Effect to their Subject Grades. In here, the factors affecting UE Mechanical Engineering Study Habits is the independent variable while the Subject Grades is the dependent variable. These factors can be their age, gender, family, socio-economic status or educational background. These factors are labeled as intervening variable. Research Respondents: Our respondents are the University of the East Sophomore Mechanical Engineering students aging 16-20 years old. They must be studying here in for about 2-4 years. Both male and female may become our respondents. They must be living only inside National Capital Region. No specific religions are required for the respondents. Locale: The research will take place in...
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...Conceptual Framework Science Attitude Science Attitude Science Achievement Science Achievement Career Choice Factors Career Choice Factors Figure 1.Conceptual illustration of the study Figure 1 shows the relationship of the dependent and independent variables of the study. The dependent variables involved are Science Attitude and Career Choice Factors. These dependent variables are connected to Science Achievement which is the independent variable of the study. Career Choice Factors are the factors that determine student’s success on the next stages of his life. This study is focused on the effects of the science attitude and career choice factors to the science achievement of students in Grade 10. Significance of the Study In many ways, whether in a tiny scale or in a larger scale, the findings of this study will surely benefit the following: The Students. In conducting this study, the student have a given an opportunity to make a stand regarding on the factors affecting their attitude towards science and career choice. Their perception may help those people on science department to assess what are the factors in career choice that affects their science achievement. The Science Teachers. The teachers will have the time to reflect how their students think about the relationship of Science to their choices of career and will give them a chance to know the factors that affects the student’s achievement through their attitude and...
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...effects the following independent variables may have on the dependent variables I filtered and contrasted data sets responses by variables to identify possible patterns to support and/or reject possible reasons for the decrease in fireworks sales. Therefore from the rigorous analysis I conducted data analysis for a linear and logical regression tests based upon descriptive statistic portion using the identified dependent and independent variables. Independent Variables: x1= state and/or federal laws and regulations x2= state fireworks stands x3= professional fireworks shows x4= location x5= pricing Dependent Variable: y= sales of fireworks Through the process of creating a fictional data set I did at times try to think of average people ages, and other factors to make it appear more realistic however it was primarily focused on the ethnicity of Native American which is one bias for this fictional data set. However by creating male and female participants and creating varying age ranges I expanded the possible participants and gained a better understanding of the outlook of fireworks sales by using a larger sample than using a single sex, or age group. In doing so, I was able to create tables in excel and SPSS to visually demonstrate the...
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...The independent variable on this graph is the Year because it is independent, and does not rely on any other data. The dependent variable on this graph is Beer Sales Per Capita, because it relies on the year to have any relevant data. There is a trend of beer sales per capita declining, but we need to filter the data to get more accurate results. Graph 1 contains the data between the years 1974 and 1992. Graph 2 Contains the data between the years 1992 and 2012. Graph 1 Filtered This scatter plot shows the amount of beer sold per capita between the years 1975 and 1992. The Independent variable “Year” is graphed on the x-axis and represents the predictor. The scatter plot has a negative, non-linear relationship. It has a strong relationship, with constant scatter. There seems to be a trend of beer sales declining per capita at a rate of 1.23 litres per year. Graph 2 Filtered: This scatter plot shows the amount of beer sold per capita between the years 1992 and 2012. The Independent Variable “Year” represents the predictor and is graphed on the x-axis. The Dependent Variable “Beer Sales Per Capita” is graphed on the y-axis and represents the response. The scatter plot has a non-linear trend, with a negative association that shows as one variable gets smaller, so does the other. It has a weak relationship with constant scatter. This graph shows that there is a trend of Beer Sales Per Capita declining at a rate of 0.31 litres per year. Part 2: The independent variable...
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...1. The first independent variable is the different luminance cues which included light, equiliminant and dark conditions, and the second independent variable was the target location either positioned on the same side (valid trial) or at an opposite location (invalid trial). The dependent variables include the reaction times of participants measured in milliseconds and the responses recorded for stimuli identification. 2. Specifically, a limitation is that the researcher only used green and red hues in his experiment instead of including the other opponent pairs, yellow paired with blue and black with white. A second weakness is the experiment only had square stimulus shapes instead of containing multiple shapes, such as bars and circles. Lastly,...
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...the purpose of business research, Develop appropriate research questions and hypotheses, and identify dependent And independent variables. The purpose of conducting research in a business is to find and identify any Problems that may already exist, or may arise later. Business research is done to Obtain information, and to separate the business from their competitors. By Conducting a business research, testing for alternatives can be sauté out so that Any problems can be remedied. Alternative testing can also aid in finding new Paths to take if the problems cannot be fixed. In researching for business, questions must be asked so that the research has The starting point. Research questions need to be strong and solid, as well as Adequate to the business so a hypothesis can be made. The questions Must also have the ability to be answered, due to the fact that the questions lead To a set of hypotheses. The set of hypotheses then tries to find the connection of One or more variables. In identifying the two variables, independent and dependent, the researcher Needs to figure out what the cause is or will be; this is the independent variable. After the cause of independent variable is found, the researcher then needs to Determine if there are any effects from it. These effects are the dependent Variables, which must be identified in order to gain a final result. References: J. Ohab(Oct.2010) science.dodlive.mil...
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...ABSTRACT Reaction time is one of the important methods to study a person’s central information processing speed and coordinated peripheral movement response. Simple reaction time is usually defined as the time required for an observer to detect the presence of a stimulus. The main purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a significant relationship between distance and the reaction time of an individual to light whereas distance is the independent variable and RT is the dependent variable. There were two participants involved in this study; the subject and the experimenter. The students were instructed to pick a laboratory partner and test how fast the participant will tap the table or chair as soon as he/she sees the light flashes while the experimenter holds it and the stopwatch to record the reaction time within the distance of 20 and 30 feet with 10 trials each. Based on the results made by an 18 year old female subject, there were minimal differences on 20 ft and 30 ft but it was not enough to conclude that there is a relationship between distance and reaction time. Therefore, the hypothesis was proven to be precise by the data that was collected. However, there are some indications that affect the delay in reaction time of an individual such as: age, gender, predictability, preparation, and other external factors. INTRODUCTION Reaction is a purposeful voluntary response to an external stimulus. From the start of the experiment, the experimenter hypothesized...
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...The independent variable is the bill size of the male B. rhinoceros. There will be three groups based on the bill size. I will try to choose birds with other similar traits such as body length, age, bill and feather colour to ensure that the experiment tests my hypothesis. The dependent variable will be the effect of the bill size on the mating chances. I will measure this by recording the number of successful copulations in each of the three groups and compare them together. I will provide a controlled habitat closely similar to the natural habitat in order to make observations and measurements more accurate. I will provide an artificial rain forest, large enough for them to have relatively enough freedom to fly and choose their mates. I will...
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