...The author of Indian Horse, Richard Wagamese, wrote the book Indian Horse with first had knowledge of residential schooling. I strongly believe that I can trust Richard’s perception of residential schools because in a way, Richard was retelling his version of his second hand residential schooling experiences. Given my past knowledge of residential schools and after watching several interviews of residential school survivors, I know that the majority of the events in the book are true. Knowing how Native American's were treated in residential schools and the way that residential schools affected Richard’s life, I think that Richard’s version of residential schooling isn’t that far off from the truth. Richard’s parents and extended family attended...
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...Indian Camp The Horror of Life from Birth to Death During the Modernist Movement, existentialist writers wrote about the meaninglessness of life. Existentialists believe that life is a struggle against the nothingness of the world. They believe there is no higher meaning to the existence of man, and they deny the existence of God. Ernest Hemingway portrays three different ways of coping with the meaninglessness of life in his short story “Indian Camp.” The three characters that portray the three different outlooks are Nick’s father, Uncle George, and the Indian father. Ernest Hemingway uses the environment in his short story “Indian Camp” to develop the thematic vision that there are different ways people can cope with the horror of life from the moment of birth and until death. In the short story, Hemmingway portrays a microcosm of life by including a baby’s birth and a man’s suicide in the short period of the story. The pregnant Indian woman struggles in labor for two days without any medical attention until Nick’s father’s arrival. Nick’s father describes to Uncle George after the procedure, “Doing a Caesarian with a jack-knife and sewing it up with nine-foot, tapered gut leaders” (18). The description of Ernest Hemingway INDIAN CAMP I guess the beginning of the story is quite usual and perhaps even banal. The son wants to watch his father brings new life into the world. He is a young boy who helps his father. But on the other hand, despite the fact that there is only...
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...March 21, 2013 SOCI 1310 Book Review The book Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee, an Indian History of the American West written by Dee Brown is a unique look at the “civilization” of the West through the eyes of the Native American populace rather than through the point of view of American settlers. It is intended to open the eyes of the reader, presumably a white American, to what truly happened during the conquering of the American West and dispel the romanticized version of western settlement popular in mainstream media and history. In the author’s own words “Americans who have always looked westward when reading about this period should read this book facing eastward.” (Brown, XXIV). Through his retelling of history, Brown discusses the effects of stereotypes, the influence of European habits of colonization, and the evolution of American policies regarding the native people. This book was written as a revisionist history of the American West from the point of view of the loser instead of the typical history which is written from the winner’s perspective. In that regard it was highly successful as even Native American authors wished they had written the book. “’Every Indian will wish he had written it,’ said Vine Deloria, author of Custer Died for Your Sins. ‘I wish I had.’” (Brown XVIII). In this work the author presents the history of the Native Americans from their own words and records. He has painstakingly combed through military negotiation transcripts...
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...Karen Conner Professor Pridgeon English 252H Spring 1993 Semester Film Production: Final Project After the astounding success of my last film endeavor [final project for ENG 251H], Townies, my production company, Gateway Productions, has con¬tracted me for a new endeavor, this time for an adaptation of Joseph Conrad's novella Heart of Darkness. The company says that I may have full creative license in this one so, as Orson Welles did in his film Citizen Kane, I intend to oversee all aspects of the process. In selecting my staff, I have decided to keep some of the old faces from the previous film. My friend Julie Weaver will once more be at my side. As you recall, I chose her previously because she is not only a good art director but a talented illustrator as well. Her ability to do on-the-spot sketches of ideas saved me a great amount of time and money on the last project. I have also decided to keep Brightwood as cinematographer and Wise as sound director, again for the same reason for which I chose them last time, because they would make good contributions to the creative aspect of the process, and I felt that these two could best translate my ideas to film. Another old face will be Joyce Nevelson, my editor. I chose her last time because she was well-known in the industry and had won many rewards, proving her talent. Changes I have made will be in the writing, sound, and music departments. I have chosen Paul Gainritch to write my screen¬play. He is...
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...the concept of the agreement between a government state and its citizens. The social contract states that because a state nurtures its citizens, it’s their moral obligation to obey its rules in return. The social contract is defined as “an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection.” (Oxford). Socrates was a prominent Greek philosopher in 300 BC. He described his version of the social contract in the dialogue, Crito, while debating whether or not he should accept his death sentence. Socrates’ version of the social contract states that one should abide by the laws of the state without exception. If one feels...
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... Juan Pons, Motorola Spain. and Stephan Pahls, University Hospital, Basel. Original version, 15 June 2010. (R.L. 19 January 2012). The authors acknowledge the generous support of Aravind while conducting the field research. Published by IE Publishing Department. María de Molina 13, 28006 – Madrid, Spain. ©2010 IE. Total or partial publication of this document without the express, written consent IE is prohibited. INTRODUCTION Improving efficiency in health care is an acute issue. In the developed world this is due to increases in costs and quality issues (Aptel and Pourjalali, 2001; Spear, 2005); Western Europe currently spends 9% of its GDP on health care, and, if the trend continues, will spend over 20% by the year 2050 (Drouin et al., 2008.) In the developing world on the other hand demand exceed capacity; it was estimated that in 1997 over 12 million people were blind in India from cataracts, while a further 3.8 million new cases are developed each year, and current capacity for surgery is far below this level (Thulasiraj et al., 1997.) Better health care operations are clearly required to deal with issues of ageing population, increased costs and unmet demand. One case that provides clues to such means is Aravind, the largest eye care provider in the world, with over 2.5 million operations performed and 20 million patients treated in the last thirty years. An Indian non-for-profit organization in which two thirds of the patients are treated for free, Aravind ...
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...the relationship between the native communities and colonial Denver. Major Wynkoop was in charge of Fort Lyon, the fort near Sand Creek, prior to the massacre and was responsible for organizing peace negotiations between the chiefs, including Black Kettle, and the governor of Denver, which resulted in parts of the Cheyenne and Arapaho communities to set up camp on Sand Creek. Bent, a man camped on Sand Creek, describes the people camped there as the peaceful ones, understanding they were there under a truce and with the protection of the Fort until the time at which they received word on the ongoing peace talks. It is also mentioned that a trade network had been set up between the camp and people in the surrounding area. Until being called back to Denver, Wynkoop was responsible for ensuring the mutual safety of the soldiers and natives, as well as updating them on any news regarding the negotiations. Following Wynkoop’s departure for Denver, Chivington arrives at Fort Lyon to attack the camp at Sand Creek, which is where many of the discrepancies begin. Chivington refers to the natives camped at Sand Creek as “hostile Indians” contradicting claims from Wynkoop and Bent that they were friendly (Chivington, report #3). The Rocky Mountain News Editorial reiterated Chivington and his supportive position on the attack throughout the four articles we read. The many possibilities to explain this contradiction in statements make narrowing it trivial to the events that occurred, especially...
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...The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football. Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal and/or run over a line. American football resulted from several major divergences from rugby, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, considered the "Father of American Football". Among these important changes were the introduction of the line of scrimmage and of down-and-distance rules.[1][2][3] In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, gameplay developments by college coaches such as Eddie Cochems, Amos Alonzo Stagg, Knute Rockne, and Glenn "Pop" Warner helped take advantage of the newly introduced forward pass. The popularity of college football grew as it became the dominant version of the sport in the United States for the first half of the 20th century. Bowl games, a college football tradition, attracted a national audience for college teams. Boosted by fierce rivalries, college football still holds widespread appeal in the US. The origin of professional football can be traced back to 1892, with William "Pudge" Heffelfinger's $500 contract to play in a game for the Allegheny Athletic Association against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club. In 1920 the American Professional Football Association was formed. This league changed its name to the National Football League (NFL) two years later, and eventually became the...
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...The Last Of The Mohicans Jed Brotherson Dixie State College The Last Of The Mohicans The Last of the Mohicans is a fictional story set in colonial America. The novel uses real places, like fort William Henry, to add validity to the story that takes place in 1757 during the French and Indian War. This is when France and Great Britain battled for control of the North American colonies. The book is classified in the historical section with some romance in the mix even though it is clearly all fictitious. Reading the novel is an entirely different experience than watching Hollywood’s version in the motion picture. I was able to get a clear picture of what James F. Cooper was really trying to tell his audience when he wrote this book. Cooper portrays the prejudice ideals of the times and tries to show the reader how silly they are. As well as addressing racial prejudice, he skirts the bounds of interracial relationships and taboos for his time. He also demonstrates a distinct difference in groups of American Indians. While they all portray violent tendencies, he does make a distinction. Cooper used each character to embody a belief or a stereotype. Duncan Hayward, the white major of the English army, represented the conservatives of his time. He also was a classic embodiment of racial prejudice. For example, Colonel Munro had two daughters, Cora and Alice. In the first part of the book, we grow to love Cora as a character. She has been outspoken with her opinions...
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...In the subsequent letter to King Ferdinand of Spain, Columbus seems selfish and one-sided (somewhat understandable considering that he was begging Ferdinand for forgiveness of his crimes (p. 35). Bernal Diaz del Castillo's account, however, was not clouded by much bias or opinions at all. Because Castillo was just a simple foot soldier (Castillo p. 42) and was left to follow the commands of Cortes and his other officers, he wrote more of a journal that described in much detail the arrive and battles in Tenochtitlan (Castillo pp. 44-52). In comparison, Bartolome de las Casas did not stray from showing his personal convictions about the overall Spanish conquest and treatment of the Indians. After becoming a priest, he expressed that he believed those who were executing these atrocities out on the Indians for want of riches and gold were not in keeping with Catholic teachings that many Spaniards claimed to abide by (p. 36). Though vastly different, the viewpoints in these writings work to demonstrate the cases that each man is trying to make for the intended reader. Christopher Columbus shows deep conflict and contradiction in the two letters that are presented in this piece. The first letter Columbus wrote to Luis de Santangel expresses much optimism about the victory of the voyage (p. 32). He also displayed gratefulness to the King and Queen for the opportunity to conduct such an expedition and even declared he named islands after the royals (p. 32). In his letter to Ferdinand...
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...In the subsequent letter to King Ferdinand of Spain, Columbus seems selfish and one-sided (somewhat understandable considering that he was begging Ferdinand for forgiveness of his crimes (p. 35). Bernal Diaz del Castillo's account, however, was not clouded by much bias or opinions at all. Because Castillo was just a simple foot soldier (Castillo p. 42) and was left to follow the commands of Cortes and his other officers, he wrote more of a journal that described in much detail the arrive and battles in Tenochtitlan (Castillo pp. 44-52). In comparison, Bartolome de las Casas did not stray from showing his personal convictions about the overall Spanish conquest and treatment of the Indians. After becoming a priest, he expressed that he believed those who were executing these atrocities out on the Indians for want of riches and gold were not in keeping with Catholic teachings that many Spaniards claimed to abide by (p. 36). Though vastly different, the viewpoints in these writings work to demonstrate the cases that each man is trying to make for the intended reader. Christopher Columbus shows deep conflict and contradiction in the two letters that are presented in this piece. The first letter Columbus wrote to Luis de Santangel expresses much optimism about the victory of the voyage (p. 32). He also displayed gratefulness to the King and Queen for the opportunity to conduct such an expedition and even declared he named islands after the royals (p. 32). In his letter to Ferdinand...
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...Art/Science/Reform Charles Darwin -2 influential books 1) “On the Origin of Species” (1859) 2) “Decentive Man” (1877) -Focused on what he was interested in -Makes a voyage on a ship named HMS Beagle to the Galapagos Islands. He made Discoveries about Finches – he writes about this in “On the Origin of Species.” -People who were into these types of discoveries were known as Naturalists or Scientists. Science was seen as a hobby -Religious -Firm creationists -His discoveries made him change his religious viewpoint -Because of him, science starts to become respected -He only talks about these controversial ideas with his closest friends T. H. Huxley -one of Darwin’s closest friends -His nickname was “Darwins Bulldog” -Had a middle class background -He was trying to live as a scientist. He was angry because science wasn’t respected. -Says science is all facts while religion is something where you can say whatever you want. -He pushes Darwin to publish “On the Origin of Species” (he doesn’t publish it until 20 years later) -He was aggressive and said he would defend Darwin -This all leads to religious doubt Scientists are agnostics – don’t know if there is a God or not. There is no proof and evidence is not available to determine if there is or isn’t a God. German Higher Criticism -A bunch of philosophers of the 1870s basically trying to save the Bible from science fiction -Argue that you have to get rid of the...
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...This is how the U.S government has stolen and killed thousands of Native Americans. The Native Americans were put through a lot of hard and troubling times. They still to this day have not gotten the money the U.S government said they were gonna give them. The Nazi’s also put the Jewish people through a lot by killing them stealing from them taking them from their homes . The Nazi’s killed and stole from the Jewish people. This is how the U.S government stole from the indians and killed them just for...
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...Under “Western Eyes”: The Personal Odyssey of Huang Fei-Hong in Once upon a Time in China by Tony Williams Rather than being read in exclusively postmodernist terms, Tsui Hark’s series Once upon a Time in China may be understood as a new version of a Hong Kong cinematic discourse involving historical “interflow.” It deals with dispersion, China’s relationship to the outside world, and strategic forms of reintegration designed to strengthen national identity. In Sammo Hung’s Wong Fei Hung Ji Saam (West Territory Mighty Lion/Once upon a Time in China and America, 1997), Master Huang Fei-hong (Jet Li Linjie) travels to the Wild West to visit an American branch of the Po Chi Lam Clinic set up by his student Sol. During the journey, he bangs his head against a rock in a turbulent stream and loses his memory. He is rescued by a friendly tribe of Indians. Moments before we see Huang again, an Indian emerges from a tepee proudly announcing the birth of a child. When Huang recovers, he stumbles around in the Indian camp wearing an Indian costume, and his loose unbraided hair is flowing like an Indian’s. After using his martial arts prowess to defeat a hostile Indian, who ironically mouths racist American platitudes against the outsider—”His clothing is different, his skin color is different, his speech is different”—Huang is adopted into the tribe and given the name “Yellow.” Before this, he attempts to remember events of the recent past. But his vague recollections...
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...on a foreign battle field, fighting for this country, so that the people of the U.S. could enjoy the freedom and rights that they have today. Do they really understand how this country began and how their freedom was obtained? Do they truly appreciate freedom? The citizens of this country need to remember and honor these fallen heroes not just on Independence Day, but every day. “It is important that we recall and return to the faith of our forefathers. In our prosperity and our present position of world leadership, America today is forgetting the God who gave this nation its birth and its present greatness” states REV. Doug Hoey. (91) In the year 1492, the year that Columbus reached the present day Caribbean islands, Native American Indians made up the population of what we now know as the U.S. This was before European explorers, mostly French and Spanish, began to arrive in large numbers. By the mid-1500s African slaves were captured, sold and brought over in chains from Africa by Dutch traders. “The transformation to the America we know and celebrate was long, slow and bloody, but marked, too, by heroes and visionaries in society, business and politics”...
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