...Management & Behavior in Global Organizations Research Project Proposal – Leader Indira Gandhi September 19, 2013 Indira Gandhi was born on November 19, 1917 in the northern Indian city of Allahabad. Her parents were Jawaharlal Nehru (first Prime Minister of India) and Kamla Nehru. She learned politics at an early age by being her father’s assistant. Later, she made history by becoming the first woman Prime Minister of India. Today, she is well known around the globe for her accomplishments as the head leader of a third world democratic country. A pivotal event for Indira Gandhi as a leader was when she declared a state of emergency for India. State of emergency is a period when government may alter constitutional human rights if he or she perceives grave threats to nations internal and external sources or financial situations of crisis. A controversy indeed, that led to her resignation. However, three years later she regained her position as Prime Minister. Indira Gandhi’s leadership style was greatly influenced by her culture, which was struggling with overpopulation, low food production, financial difficulties and poor foreign relations. Her leadership style will be analyzed through different theories. Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, and long-term vs. short-term orientation will illustrate her leadership as Prime Minister. Max Weber’s traditional, rational legal and charismatic...
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...No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death); constituency | CM | Took office | Left office | Tenure length | Elections (Lok Sabha) | Appointed by | Political party (alliance) | Ref | 1 | | Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964) MP for PhulpurJawaharlal Nehru (Hindustani: [ˈdʒəʋaːɦərˈlaːl ˈneːɦru] ( listen); 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics for much of the 20th century. He emerged as the paramount leader of the Indian Independence Movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and ruled India from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in office in 1964.[5] Nehru is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state; a sovereign, socialist, secular, anddemocratic republic.[6] He was the father of Indira Gandhi and the maternal grandfather ofRajiv Gandhi, who were to later serve as the third and sixth Prime Ministers of India, respectively. | 1 | 15 August 1947 | 27 May 1964 [†] | 16 years,286 days | – | Lord Mountbatten | Indian National Congress | | [32] | | | | 2 | | | | 1952 (1st) | Rajendra Prasad | | | | | | | 3 | | | | 1957 (2nd) | | | | | | | | 4 | | | | 1962 (3rd) | | | | | – | | Gulzarilal Nanda[j] (1898–1998) MP for SabarkanthaGulzarilal Nanda (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998) was an Indian politician and an economist with specialisation in labour problems. He was the interimPrime Minister of India twice for thirteen days...
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...Congress System and It’s breakdown After independence and before 1967, the Congress was in a dominant position and this period normally referred as a “Congress Dominated System” or “Congress System”. Congress was a dominant force under the leadership of a majestic personality like Nehru and formed governments in centre and in most of the states. After the demise of Nehru, the Congress System started breaking up because of the fights between internal factions and power ambitions. This essay is an attempt to study the reasons behind break down of the congress system. Breakdown of Congress System Congress dominance started crumbling from the mid of 1960s. Fourth general election held in 1967 saw a fall in congress vote share and seats. The party system which emerged from this general election and till 1989 can be termed as a bipolar system where congress was facing a united opposition in almost all the states. This period also witnessed making of many coalition governments in the states where opposition posed a united front to keep congress out of power. One point can be noted here is that the votes of the congress party declined much more drastically in the assembly elections than in parliamentary elections. Following are some of the reasons which can be identified for the breakdown of the Congress systemUnited Opposition: Indian electoral system is a “First past the post” system or in India the candidate who gets the maximum vote wins. Congress never secured more that 50%...
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...Politics is the science of running governmental affairs based on a ruling principle that shapes the identity of a nation. Politics in essence involves the art of forming, directing and administrating political units by a chosen set of ardent leaders who represent the interests of the majority of the people of the nation. The origin of politics dates back to early 2100 B.C with the monarchical rule practiced in the lands of Sumeria shaping the concept of legislation. But since the conception of the ideology of governance, the fairer sex has not had an equitable representation at the helm of decision making. In spite of being the largest democracy in the world, women’s representation is only 9.1 percent in the Indian parliament. In this male-dominated power game of politics, there are women leaders who have revolutionized the space of policymaking with their adroit and finesse. Listed below are the stories of five powerful female Indian politicians of all time who showed the world that women can be brilliant administrators. • Vijay Lakshmi Pandit, an Indian diplomat and politician, heralded as one of the world’s leading women in public life in the 20th century, was the daughter of noted aristocratic nationalist leader Motilal Nehru. She was an active worker in the Indian nationalist movement and was imprisoned by the British three times on accounts of her struggle to free India. In 1937, she was elected to the provincial legislature of the United Provinces and was designated...
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...Chapter 8 • Islam’s main language is Arabic. • Muslim is part of the Islamic religion. • Muhammad is the prophet who started Islam. • The Shiites are the supporters of the Husayn’s. • The Koran is the holy book of Islam. Chapter 12 • Many families (dynasties) have ruled China for long periods of time. • The last dynasty of China, the Qing Dynasty, was founded by the Manchu’s. • China and Japan both welcomed Western Europe with trade agreements. • Both countries were infiltrated and settled on by foreign powers. • Chinese Inventions: paper, gunpowder, compass, printing. • Chinese traded: opium, gunpowder, silk, paper. • The Forbidden City was the Imperial Complex in Beijing. • 1000 – 1200, Japan was a feudalistic nation. • 1100 – 1600, Japan was run by shoguns. • The Tokugawa policies were excusatory towards Europe • The shoguns were the leaders. Samurai are like soldiers. Chapter 13 • Hindu is India’s main religion. • A guru is an advisor or teacher. • Europeans first came to India in the 16th C. because they wanted trading posts. • Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos make up Southeast Asia. Chapter 14 • The historical founder of Mali was the magician, Sundjata. • Mali was an iron working civilization. • Caravan trade 700-1075 Africa. • Sahara b/t north and south Africas. • Griot is oral storyteller in Africa • Belgium has a Christian king...
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...Answer: timothy-berners lee------ | 8. gateway of mt.Everest? | Correct Answer: Namche Bazzar | 9. who is the father of computer | Correct Answer: charles babbage-------- | 10. How many parts are in Holy Quran? | Correct Answer: 30 | 11. How many Sura are in the Holy Quran ? | Correct Answer: 114 | 12. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATE ON INDIA IS CALLED "LAND OF GOD" ? | Correct Answer: ORISSA | 13. which is the largest flower in the world? | Correct Answer: rafflesia | 14. how many teams are selected for 2011 worldcup cricket? | Correct Answer: 14 | 15. Who gave the name Kolkata ? | Correct Answer: Charls Aiyar | 16. WHERE IS TAJ MAHAL SITUATED | Correct Answer: AGRA | 17. who got the indira gandhi award 2010 | Correct Answer: seikh hasina | 18. Colosseum is situated at | Correct Answer: Rome | 19. What is National Language of Pakistan | Correct Answer: Urdu | 20. Who is the first lady primeminister of the world | Correct Answer: sirimavo bandaranayeke | 21. who is the winner of T20 first worldcup | Correct Answer: india | 22. what month did the nintendo come out? | Correct Answer: 5th June | 23. Who wrote Lajja? | Correct Answer: Taslima Narseem | 24. who was the president of indian national congress at the time of indian independence | Correct Answer: acharya...
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...rP os t 9 -7 1 2 -0 3 8 REV: MARCH 12, 2014 LAKSHMI IYER RICHARD H. K. VIETOR India 2014: The Challenges of Governance op yo Introduction In January 2014, India’s government faced significant economic and social challenges. Economic growth rates had slowed from 10.5% in 2010 to only 4.9% in 2013. Inflation remained stubbornly high at 10.1%, despite sustained interest rates of around 10%, and the rupee/dollar exchange rate depreciated from 45 rupees in March 2011 to 62 rupees in December 2013. tC The ruling Congress Party faced worsening political obstacles as well. After the 2009 elections, the government had found it very difficult to enact substantive new legislation, owing to gridlock caused by opposition political parties and the Congress Party’s own coalition partners. A decision to allow foreign investment in retail megastores had been put on hold following objections by the Trinamool Congress, a key political ally.1 In September 2012, legislation was passed to allow foreign investment in multi-brand retail stores in states which agreed to implement the decision. 2 After making more than 100 amendments to satisfy diverse stakeholders, a new Land Act was passed in August 2013 to enable the state to acquire land for industrial growth more efficiently, with increased compensation for landowners.3 No Over the past few years, a series of high-profile corruption scandals had resulted in the resignation of several cabinet ministers and state chief ministers. These scandals...
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...International Affairs Iran on 18 November 2013 unveiled the biggest missile-equipped drone which has a range of 2000 km, which is going to enable it to cover a good amount of the Middle East region, including Israel. The drone named Fotros has an operational range of 2000 kilometres and has a capability to fly at an altitude of 25000 feet, with a flight time of 16 to 30 hours. The drone is capable of carrying out reconnaissance missions or launch air-to-surface missile strikes. India and Vietnam signed eight agreements on 20 November 2013 in areas of defence and security, oil exploration, civil aviation and scientific research. India will also assist Vietnam in the modernization and training of the defence and security forces of Vietnam and agreed to give a 100 million dollar line of credit to Vietnam for defence purchases. The agreements were signed by Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh and General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Nguyen Phu Trong in New Delhi after delegation level talks. India and Australia on 18 November 2013 signed two agreements in New Delhi during the visit of Foreign Minister of Australia, Julie Bishop to India. She was on four days visit to India for a 3 day trip, from 15 November to 18 November 2013. India and Russia on 18 November 2013 agreed to expand the range of strategic partnership in a significant manner in Moscow. The two countries are also going to hold a Joint Air Force Level exercise for the first time in 2014. A Sri Lankan Buddhist...
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...MEG-I ,2,3 & 4 MASTER'S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG) ASSIGNMENTS 2012-2013 July, 2012 and January 2013 Sessions (Compulsory Courses of M.A. English British Poetry-01 British Drama-O2 British Novel-03 Aspects of Language-O4 - lst Year) lw l$ffifl$ffiffi t&B &ffiffin irjtlifv[R5tw lTi'*rPsff$'$ School of Humanities Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-11006 Mastex'os Segree in &nglish Ass$g*xeeents flcr t'u yean Ccxngrulsary Courses Course Code:*{EC .Dear Student, 'l'his booklet contai*s all the assignments namell,': d the Compulsory ilourses of MA {linglish) i" year il ffi H h,ItrG-0i ME{i-02 M[,c-03 ivlEc-04 Britislr Poetry British I)rama British Novel r\spects ol l-anguage Ilscir course wiii ccmprise ggg assignrnent cf I {}0 marks. ft,is as.signment *'il] be tntar narked. rl Airp.s: 'I'he T1\4As ar€ oorleernetl rrrairlly witlr assessing your application and understandirrg of the cor-lrse matelial. You are not required to r€produco chr-rnks of infonmation fi'o*r the cours* ntaterial bttt lo use the skills oicrjtical appreeiation drat you ma"o* have acquired during the corrrse of study. These assignments aitn to teach as rveltr as to assess your per{ormance. Ptrease ens$rf that 5rau read the texts arrd the aecompanying stud)' guides that we lrave prepared for you. Let me repeatt you ii IJ tfl i1 r*ust read all tlae fexts prescnibed. Do make cojnts os riqsl go along...
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...After independence, a revolutionary change has taken place in the position and power of woman. According to our constitution, men and women have equal fundamental rights. She has been allowed to join any profession. Today, we have women-legislators, women-ministers, women ambassadors, women-governors and even had a woman Prime Minister in Smt. Indira Gandhi. There are woman-lawyers, doctors, teachers, clerks and even women civil and military officers—some of them are occupying top-most positions even. With the encouragement of co-education in the country, our modern sisters and daughters all have cast oil their old inferiority complex and today they are marching side by side with their brothers in every walk of life. Mrs. Vijaylakshmi Pandit, one of the oldest politicians of our country, created a singular record by becoming President of the United Nations General Assembly. Indian women have distinguished themselves in various fields of life as politicians, scholars, statesmen, orators, parliamentarians, lawyers, doctors, judges, diplomats and ambassadors. It is now a well established fact that women are more intelligent, hard-working, efficient and painstaking than men in every walk of life. In spite of the abovementioned situation, women in general, are not suited to every profession. There are certain professions and careers which the women should choose because mentally, physically and culturally they are more suitable to these professions. The best career for women...
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...century (though Arab and Malay sailors are known to have visited the island as early as the 10th century) by the Portuguese, Mauritius was uninhabited until 1598 when first the Dutch, then French and finally the British colonised the tiny island before it became independent in 1968. Even though the British rule lasted a relatively longer period, the French roots are more evident in the Mauritian lifestyle and people still prefer to speak Creole and French over the official English language. Right from the time when you set foot at the SSR International Airport at Plaisance, chances are that if you say you are from India, the locals, who proudly refer to the island as 'Little India'-a moniker attributed to former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, will give you a warmer welcome. Not surprising since over 68 per cent of Mauritians are of Indian origin whose forefathers migrated to Mauritius as indentured labourers during the British rule. Though India is seventh among top 10 nations in the Mauritius tourism pie, it contributes only a fraction to the market dominated by Europe till now. However, the Mauritian Tourism minister Nando Bodha plans to change that. He recently announced plans to attract over 100,000 Indian tourists within the next five years, more than doubling the number from the existing 49,779 (as per February 25, 2011 data). Says the minister, "Being initially frequented by honeymooners only, today we have different segment of travellers from India visiting the...
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...Introduction- Fundamental rights are enshrined in the part III of the Indian constitution. They are part of those rights which are necessary for the survival of a human being with dignity. Fundamental rights have been incorporated in the ‘fundamental law of the land’, i.e. the constitution of India and one can approach courts in case of violation of these rights. These rights reflect a desire of the founding fathers of Indian constitution to build a new social order. For example, there are rights declaring practice of untouchability an offence or conferring certain culture and educational rights on the minorities, both linguistic as well as religious. Moreover, the given rights are not absolute but subject to certain reasonable restrictions. For example, the right to freedom of speech and expression can be restricted on grounds of public order, morality or decency and national security. The fundamental rights can be suspended during national emergency (act 352), only exception being right to life. Having discussed the basic features of these fundamental rights, one can find that these rights have classified under six heads in a logical manner depending upon their scope and nature. * Right to equality (art 14-18) * Right to freedom (arts 19-22) * Right against exploitation (art 23-24) * Right to freedom of religion (art 25-28) * Cultural and educational rights (art 29-30) * Right to constitutional remedies (art 32) In 1978, right to property mentioned...
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...Politics of Coalition in India Politics of coalition has become the ultimate truth of Indian politics these days. No doubt, a coalition gives the chance and pleasure of running a government, but in the course of time, temporal friendships, deceit and blackmailing turn out to be the cause of brutal termination of a coalition government. In most of the cases, a coalition is a principle less, irresponsible and unaccountable alliance of some power-seeking individuals. We have the very current example of Karnataka where the BJP got deceived in a game of ridiculous political farce. The Indian society is divided into different religions, castes, sects and regional mindsets. Principle-based politics has become a deed on papers only and what are more visible nowadays are parties of castes and castes of parties. There are regional parties having special zones for them. We find regional barons and country heads of various castes. These small and regional groups never hesitate to unabashedly indulge in the act of blackmailing for their own purpose. There is no discussion on the burring and relevant topics of national interest. Agriculture, employment, economic policies, education, public welfare, etc. are out of their agenda. These coalitions have become a severe headache for our nation. The pertinent question arise here :what these characterless coalitions have to offer to our nation? The answer is not hidden from the known fact that these coalitions could not become a medium of...
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...A Tryst with Destiny – An analysis “Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge,” Just before midnight hour on the 14th of August Jawerharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India, speaks these words of poetry and sends India into its first day of freedom. The speech Prime Minister Nehru gives in August 1947, which makes India a country of its own and frees it from the English rule. This speech differs from so many others speeches given by prime ministers all over the world, because Nehru does not bring that many political factors into it. In fact this speech seems more like a piece of poetry celebrating India as land of beauty and its people capable of standing united and achieve greatness. Though the speech is poetic, so much that you might forget its purpose, if you look closely, you can see that Nehru is not only praising his country and countrymen, but is using clear technics to draw in the people of India and to stand united as this new nation. As a very clear example, that fills most of Nehru’s speech, is the poetics phrases that Nehru is constantly using. This poetry and plans for the future, brings India together by giving them something to stand together about. Nehru goes specifically after this, when he calls India “she” in the sentence “Through good and ill fortune alike she has never lost sight of the quest or forgotten the ideals whish gave her strength” Nehru gives India a well-deserved boost of national...
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...MEG-I ,2,3 & 4 MASTER'S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG) ASSIGNMENTS 2012-2013 July, 2012 and January 2013 Sessions (Compulsory Courses of M.A. English - lst Year) British Poetry-01 British Drama-O2 British Novel-03 Aspects of Language-O4 lw lt$&Bffifl$ffiffi lTi'*rPsff$'$ &ffiffin irjtlifv[R5tw School of Humanities Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-11006 il ffi H rl ii IJ tfl i1 Mastex'os Segree in &nglish Ass$g*xeeents flcr t'u yean Ccxngrulsary Courses .Dear Student, 'l'his booklet contai*s namell,': h,ItrG-0i ME{i-02 M[,c-03 ivlEc-04 Course Code:*{EC all the assignments d the Compulsory ilourses of MA {linglish) i" year Britislr Poetry British I)rama British Novel r\spects ol l-anguage Ilscir course wiii ccmprise ggg assignrnent cf I {}0 marks. ft,is as.signment *'il] be tntar narked. Airp.s: 'I'he T1\4As ar€ oorleernetl rrrairlly witlr assessing your application and understandirrg of the cor-lrse matelial. You are not required to r€produco chr-rnks of infonmation fi'o*r the cours* ntaterial bttt lo use the skills oicrjtical appreeiation drat you ma"o* have acquired during the corrrse of study. These assignments aitn to teach as rveltr as to assess your per{ormance. Ptrease ens$rf that 5rau read the texts arrd the aecompanying stud)' guides that we lrave prepared for you. Let me repeatt you r*ust read all tlae fexts prescnibed. Do make cojnts os riqsl go along. if tlrere is anytiline you dc rrot understand...
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