...Individual Theories By: Eleanore Krzeminski CJS/240 Michelle Wilson Eleanore Krzeminski When dealing with the adolescents we must think about how the life in which they have grown up with has in fact affected them in any way. Some adolescents have lived abusive lives with only one parent. Some of the younger children have been in situations that one would never dream of. There are many different reasons why some adolescents choose to commit crimes and why some of them choose to live the life that is not full of crimes. Even though most have been in similar circumstances each still have the choice of life. We often think of those who commit crimes as a person who makes stupid choices. However, one must sit down and think about all perspectives that an adolescent has had to deal with in a lifetime. There are three theories that result in criminal behavior. In this paper I will discuss the following theories; behavioral, neurological and psychodynamic. The behavioral theory is a sense of individuals who in fact learn by observing how other people react to their behaviors. This could be due to past experiences that the adolescents have had to deal with and overcome. Also, living a life where rewards and punishments were a big deal in the household. For example we reward our children if they eat all of their dinner we choose to give them desert. This is a reward in which is deserved when doing what was told to do. However if the food is not gone the child makes that choice...
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...Individual Theories CJS/240 10/06/2014 Juvenile delinquency is one of the largest issues dealt with in our society today. The immediate assumption to this issue is that individuals lacking a good lifestyle and low social class are more likely to commit any type of crime. But then there are those individuals with the same life situation who are law-abiding citizen, and sometimes end up obtaining a college degree. There are also those individuals who come from an established household with good parenting and a proper upbringing who commit crimes. The question is why do some juveniles commit crime while others who are in the same situation do not? Many experts believe the answer to juvenile misbehavior is on the individual itself, and not the social or economic level. Considering this, there are two different major theories about juvenile crime. Psychodynamic theory places it emphasis on the notion that one of the main causes of juvenile delinquency is children’s abnormal personalities that were created and developed in earlier life. This psychodynamic approach states that traumatic experiences during early childhood can prevent the ego and superego from developing properly, therefore leaving the Id with greater power (Palmerin, n.d.). The Specific deterrence theory refers to the effect that punishing one wrongdoer has on preventing others from committing offenses in the future. To determine the effect one has to ask what most individuals will believe will happen to...
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...Individual Theories Stacey Simmons University of Phoenix July 29, 2012 History has proved over time that there are two types of young adults in the world, those who make the decision to be successful and those with the “I don’t care attitude “and intrigue with the life of criminal behavior. The reasons that young adults make the choices that they do vary greatly in difference. Three of the reasons mentioned by young adults as to why they choose the bad road involves having a horrible younger life, peer pressure and even the excuse of boredom. We have young adults who choose to entertain criminal behavior therefore, we must also have in turn a system that can be measured in the deterrence of criminal behavior among youth. Our current system does not seem to be as effective in improving this rising problem. To effectively be able to deter some of this criminal activity in youth, we need to gather information on why a youth chooses to be involved in this type of behavior, and there are many theories to this question. One of those theories is labeled as the Genetic Theory. The genetic theory states that criminal behavior is inherited just as hair color or eye color is. It is theorized that embedded in these offenders is a genetic code that causes them to make certain decisions and be involved in criminal behavior. This theory also states that anyone can look at a child’s parents and determine whether or not the child is going to be an offender. ...
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...Individual Theories Anna Braaf-Dore CJS/240 May 22, 2016 Amy Griner Individual Theories Specific deterrence focuses on the individual in question. The aim of these punishments is to discourage the criminal from future criminal acts by instilling an understanding of the consequences. General or indirect deterrence focuses on general prevention of crime by making examples of specific deviants. The individual actor is not the focus of the attempt at behavioral change, but rather receives punishment in public view in order to deter other individuals from deviance in the future. Proponents argue that the death penalty is a "general deterrence" to the acts for which the death penalty may be imposed, e.g. first degree homicide. The belief is that if we live in a society where the publicity and common knowledge of the death penalty being the consequence of certain crimes then this will deter others from committing those crimes in the future. By definition, the death penalty cannot be a specific deference. This would require the criminal to be alive in order to be deferred from committing the act again in the future. If the death penalty is imposed, this is an impossibility; he's already dead. Situational Crime Prevention Situational Crime Prevention' (SCP) is the name given by criminologists to crime prevention strategies that are aimed at reducing the criminal opportunities which arise from the routines of everyday life. Such strategies include...
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...Analytical Theory & Individual Theory Amanda Unruh PSY 405 August 6, 2012 When people hear the term “psychology”, most of them probably think of Sigmund Freud, who was the founder of the psychodynamic approach to psychology. The psychodynamic approach is still widely used today to understand relationships between people, the interaction of drives and forces inside a person (especially the unconscious), and distinguish the different structures of the human personality. Karen Horney developed the Psychoanalytical Social Theory and Alfred Adler developed the Individual Theory, which are two theories that have proved to be interesting from the readings. (NNDB, 2012) Alfred Adler was an Austrian medical doctor and psychologist who was known for being the creator of Individual Psychology. He believed that the patient must be treated as a “whole person” where he emphasizes how individuals tried to combine feelings, thoughts, attitudes, values, and actions to accomplish their goals. His theory indicates that man’s main thoughts and behaviors are a result of his determination for superiority and power, which can be compensating for any feelings of inferiority (individual psychology, 2012). (NNDB, 2012) Adler’s theory based personality off of the order of birth, gender, and the age gap among siblings. He believed that individuals come up with a childhood story about themself that leads their views and choices throughout life, and being able to cooperate with other people for...
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...Analysis of Management Theories Vanessa Goins Grand Canyon University LDR-620 Professor Barry Adkins November 20, 2013 The historical theory that I believe is the most likely to be the most universal and applicable in today’s business environment is the humanistic perspective. It has remained the most prevalent from the 1950’s until today (Daft, 2010).It focuses on the positive of what it means to be human. The humanistic perspective, it is an approach that calls for the human’s rights and equality, emphasizes empathy and it stresses the good in a person’s behavior. At a place of employment, sensitivity training is an example of the humanistic perspective and this is where an individual or individuals are taught to view their coworkers as having the same desire and needs just like themselves. Another example of the humanistic perspective is for that individual to be able to focus on their strengths rather than their own faults. In the human perspective, the individual is encouraged not to look past his or her flaws as that individual works toward a more satisfied and completed life. Some positive aspects of human perspective are encouragement of individuals, not allowing their past affect their present and focus on what is really important now rather than anything else like their strengths and their goals that they want to accomplish. It allows the strengthening of relationships and it believes that a person seeks value, being creative, and having a meaning or purpose...
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...Practice Application of Self-Determination Theory Ryan S. Charland University of Central Florida Core concepts Self-Determination Theory is the concept that people are internally predisposed towards the accusation of competence, autonomy, and relatedness. SDT claims that these are the three basic psychological needs, the accusation of which results in a state of “full functioning”, or an emotional state of content, happiness, and prosperity. These constructs are considered needs by SDT, as the theory posits that the lack of these psychological ingredients will result in the deterioration of an individual’s psychological state. Integrally, the importance of the accusation of these needs remains true across the...
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...Situation Ethics as a relativistic and teleological theory can, to a certain extent, work in society. Situation ethics is a theory in which agape love must be reached through the consequence of an action. This theory was developed by Joseph Fletcher. Situation Ethics as a relativistic theory is flexible and practical. It takes into account the situation a person is faced with and can help make decisions in situations where, from a legalistic point of view, all options are wrong. This allows the theory to adapt to every situation and result in the most amount of agape love being achieved Being a teleological theory it ensures people consider the likely outcome of their actions before they take them. This allows the person to consider all the possible actions they could take before leaping into a situation. This also allows the most amount of love to be achieved in the end result. Being a relativistic theory allows people the individual freedom to make decisions for themselves, these people are not strapped down with strict rules which can trap them in non-loving situations. As a teleological theory it is pragmatic and realistic – concentrating on the outcome of an action. This results in the end being the focus of the action which relies on the person thinking of the consequences. They should always make the most loving choice as they are the children of God. However, o Many people argue that we need rules to avoid issues such as moral chaos. Some people argue that humans...
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...MKT 2240- BUYER BEHAVIOUR THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE YOUNG TOWARDS LUXURY PRODUCTS WORD COUNT 1709 Submitted on: 2nd Sept 2013 Module Coordinator: John Sutton Content Introduction 3 *Luxury Background 3 *Today’s Youth 4 Consumer Behaviour 4 Self Concept Theory 4 The ‘A B C’ Attitude model 6 Conclusion 8 References List 9 Introduction "Luxury is a necessity where necessity ends." Coco Chanel The main purpose of this research is to find out what creates a spark in the youth of today when it comes to buying luxury products. For some it may be status and recognition for the others it may be comfort and quality, it may vary from people to people due to their personality. Today’s...
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...Learning to deal with challenging behaviours, watching individuals express how they feel through screaming and shouting and becoming hostile. I hope to be able to develop relationships with the individuals who avail of the service as I can understand for the individuals that there may be issues around developing relationships as there may be trust issues, it can be seen through the theory Erickson’s theory that mistrust can be developed through the early stages of life, and how one’s needs are not met, so in an overall view this can lead an individual not having trust in people around them and those who may enter their lives at a later stage. When speaking of challenging behaviour, I am referring to the intensity of and frequency in how one individual may express themselves. This is also the types of behaviours in which may not be seen as to be normal behaviours by society in its self. It is to be focused as well in how well a social worker can conduct themselves and how they personally can handle the situation. Working in residential care homes for young adults this is not something in which an individual can prepare themselves as the constancy of outburst can be on a regular basis or as little as possible. Each individual is different to the next person and has their own particular issues and can behave differently to the next. One learning aspect for me is to not judge the individuals and to try and show them compassion and understanding, and be able to identify as...
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...power can be seen as having the authority to control another’s behavior using authority or force. Many philosophers alike have discussed the concept of power and how it shapes human mechanism and the society that we live in. They have determined whether power is an essential force for society to function and what circumstances may give an individual power over another individual. Two philosophers that discuss power, its meaning and its importance in philosophy are Thomas Hobbes and Charles Darwin. Thomas Hobbes in his book “The Leviathan”, emphasized that power is the driving force of the world. He argued that we are all under certain different power districts, meaning every human being falls under a superior. Hobbes categorized power into two types; Natural Power and Instrumental Power. Natural power as Hobbes stated “is the eminence of the faculties of body or mind, as extraordinary strength, form, prudence, arts, eloquence, liberty, nobility.”(Hobbes, 78). This means power that is derived naturally without effort. For example, an earthquake has greater power, or strength than a human being. Natural power is power that an individual cannot have any control over. Instrumental powers are ”those powers which, acquired by these or by fortune are means and instruments to acquire more, as riches, reputation, friends, and the secret working of God, which men call good luck.” (Hobbes, 78). Instrumental powers are powers achieved by the use of material or instrumental objects...
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...The Past Born into a relatively normal middle class family in the March of 1978, my dad was English and my mom Afrikaans. We were two siblings with me being the eldest, with a younger brother. I was blessed early on in life as I had both sets of grandparents on both sides as well as one great-grandmother on my mother’s side until I was twenty. My dad’s side of the family was from Irish decent and my great-grandmother from German decent. I grew up loved, and I adored my dad, for the most part we were a relatively normal suburbia family (Robbins & Judge, 2015). My grandparents on both sides where hardworking South African, my grandfather on my mom’s side worked for the Department of Trade and Industry as Head of Strategic Industries, while my grandfather on my dad’s side worked for Safair as an Area Manager. My dad didn’t pursue further education (Robbins & Judge, 2015) after school and started working in the sales. My mom pursued a diploma in art as she and her whole side of the family had that natural artistic flair. My dad and mom met when he was in the military service stationed in Upington, and strangely he first had eyes on my mom’s sister but after meeting both my mom and her sister my dad said that my mom was the girl he was going to marry after their first date. My brother and I were very different from an early age, I believe that due to the fact that I realised early on that my parents had to work really hard to keep the household together I...
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...HRM Issues Based on Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions in Ghana Alison C Holt Saint Leo University Abstract This paper will contain information concerning the challenges human resource management faces when the organization decides to go global. Human resource management faces many global issues; however, this paper will look at Hofstede’s cultural dimension theory in the comparison of Ghana and the United States. We will look at three of Hofstede’s five dimensions and see how Ghana is rated to each of the theories. The first dimension, Individualism verses collectivism, focuses on cultures in terms relationships of individuals, families and extended families (Ivancevich & Konopaske, 2013). The second dimension, Power distance, focuses on power relationships within a culture. The last dimension, Masculinity verses femininity, focuses on gender roles within culture (Ivancevich & Konopaske, 2013). In the 21st Century, many organizations have reached out into the global market due to changes in technology, economics and social responsibility. Therefore, interactions between businesses in different countries have become routine. When a company expands globally, new challenges arise due to different laws, customs and characteristics (Ivancevich & Konopaske, 2013). International laws and customs pose numerous challenges for human resource professionals, for example, HRM must supply an adequate amount of top managers with global experience, which is necessary...
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...people while there are some people who are notorious and people dislike them. But majority of the people in this world are simply good for nothing. They come and they die and nobody even notice their presence and their absence as well. (Olson, 2002) If we have to categorize the expression of identity we may find that basically there are two different classes of identity these are social identity and personal identity. Social identity is a collective identity. Social Identity refers to the procedure by which people use to be characterized themselves in terms as well as groups which they share in the company of other inhabitants in the society. (Deaux, 2001) Social identity theory is a prominent theory, which may highlights the way of social identification of the people. The theory of social identity is a theory, which is intended to...
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...Myra Levine’s conservation theory was concluded in 1973 the theory was devolved to aid in the education of associate degree nurses to give them a different way of approaching their daily nursing care. Conservation theory is the development of two theories Redundancy. Therapeutic intention The major concepts are -adaption -holism (http://www.scribd.com/doc/29036880/Theoretical-Foundations-of-Nursing) The major principles are Conservation of energy- the balancing of energy the input and output of one’s rest, nutrietion, excersise Conservation of structural integrity –maintaining and restoring one’s body Conservation of personal integrity - Recognizes the individual as one who strives for recognition, respect, self-awareness, selfhood and self determination Conservation of social integrity- An individual is recognized as someone who resides with in a family, a community, a religious group, an ethnic group, a political system and a nation. (http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/introduction.html) Environmental challenges that one can be face with Perceptual environment—encompasses that part of the environment to which individuals respond with their sense organs. Operational environment—includes those aspects of the environment that are not directly perceived, such as radiation, odorless and colorless pollutants, and microorganisms. Conceptual environment—the environment of language, ideas, symbols, concepts, and invention. Individuals respond to the environmental...
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