...History of Special Education By: Kenyata York December 5, 2012 SPE 526 ABSTRACT Individuals with disabilities have the same passion, drive, determination and ambitions of traditional students. Students living with disabilities are just as capable of learning and retaining information just like traditional students in the classroom. In today’s society, there are an abundance of laws and regulations that are in place to protect and educate individuals with disabilities. However, the idea of educating individuals with disabilities was not always a positive and fair thought in the United States. Throughout history, the laws and regulations for students with disabilities have been created to establish equality and opportunity for educational advancement. Some of the laws and regulations include the creation of the Education for Handicapped Act (EHA), the Individual with Disability Education Act (IDEA), and legislation to have teachers trained to work with students who are “mental challenged” and deaf. Individuals with disabilities have the same passion, drive, determination and ambitions of traditional students. Students living with disabilities are just as capable of learning and retaining information just like traditional students in the classroom. In today’s society, there are an abundance of laws and regulations that are in place to protect and educate individuals with disabilities. However, the idea of educating individuals with disabilities was not always a positive...
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...History of Special Education Grand Canyon University: SPE 526 June 25, 2014 ABSTRACT Special education has been at the center point of education for the past decades. The foundations of education never considered those with disabilities important or relevant in the classroom. Therefore, disabled students did not receive fair or equal treatment. Over the past century teachers, governments, and families have worked to create laws and regulations to ensure that students with disabilities have fair and equal treatment in schools. This paper will discuss the history of special education and law and acts that were created to help the field. In addition, current and future challenges of special education are also examined. Keywords: special education, No Child Left Behind, Individuals with Disabilities Education According to the United States Department of Education there were 6 million children from the age of birth to 21 that received special education services in 2009-2010 (Department of Education). In addition, since the federal government started reporting child data in 1977 the percentage of students receiving special education services has doubled from 23.8% to 42.3%. With encouraging statistics like those mentioned it seems like the United Sates has always been innovators of special education. However, this is actually not the case. When the founding fathers of education established the foundations of school, individuals with special needs were not considered. In...
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...Diversity and Inclusion Task 1 The six key components of the 1975 PL 94-142, Education for All Handicapped Children Act (now known as IDEA – Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) are: 1) A free appropriate public education (FAPE) This ensures that children with disabilities receive an education befitting their particular disability with no cost to the parent of guardian of the children. It also includes related services that benefit the children receiving special education due to their disabilities. 2) The least restrictive environment (LRE) This ensures that children with disabilities are given the highest level of education that they can perform in successfully. Children with disabilities will be placed amongst children without disabilities whenever possible. 3) An individualized education program (IEP) An IEP uses documentation to track the academic progress of students with disabilities. It is tailored specifically to meet the varying needs of each individual student. It consists of goals and instructional objectives that are updated annually, special services rendered for each child, and measurements starting with the child’s current level of academic functioning and continuing to monitor any progress made throughout their education. 4) Procedural due process This pertains to the rights of parents/ guardians. It includes confidentiality as well as the right to access any documentation pertaining to their child. It also gives...
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...with Disabilities in Virginia’s Accountability System A Guide for Educators and Parents Virginia Department of Education Updated April 2010 Table of Contents I II Definition of Students with Disabilities ………………………………………….. Description of Assessment Program A. Standards of Learning (SOL) Program ……………………………………….. B. Virginia Grade Level Alternative (VGLA) …………………………………… C. Virginia Substitute Evaluation Program (VSEP) …………………………….. D. Virginia Alternate Assessment Program (VAAP) ……………………………. APPENDIX……………………………………………………………………….. Virginia Department of Education Procedures for Participation of Students with Disabilities in Virginia’s Accountability System This document provides information about the participation of students with disabilities in the assessment component of Virginia’s Accountability System. Students with disabilities may participate through the Standards of Learning (SOL) assessments, the Virginia Grade Level Alternative (VGLA), the Virginia Substitute Evaluation Program (VSEP), or the Virginia Alternate Assessment Program (VAAP). Included in this document are guidelines for determining how students with disabilities participate in the Virginia Assessment Program, procedures for providing testing accommodations, and documentation requirements. I. Definition of Students with Disabilities Students with disabilities in the Commonwealth of Virginia include identified students under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement...
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...Special Education and the Laws Associated with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Latrena Y. Haynes Grand Canyon University: SPE - 526 March 05, 2014 Abstract Special education is a type of education for students with special needs. The term is usually abbreviated as SPED which can also mean Saving People Every Day. This includes people who are different from normal people whether they are a baby, toddler, young adult, or an adult. This includes people who have a disability who are often overlooked at because of their disability. This also includes people who just want the same treatment and an education given to them as a normal or regular person. This paper will explore the history of education and the laws associated with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). It will also discourse the current and future challenges that the laws have on special education. The History of Special Education and the Laws Associated with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) The history of special education started back a long time ago in the 1900s when people was going to court versing the other to fight for an education for students with disabilities. Children with disabilities were overlooked and not accepted by the general population (Heward, 2009). No matter when they born or where they was born, if they had a disability then discrimination always occurred. Back in the days, educating a child with a disability was...
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...Essay 1 Our nation pursues the ideal that what we look like or where we come from should not determine the benefits or burdens that we bear in our society. Unfortunately, for African Americans, one of the largest minority groups within the United States, this is not a reality. In fact, life has been altered from the moment their lives began as an individual of color. Today, many people tend to remember the victories of African Americans that include abolition of slavery, desegregation, the civil rights movement, and the right to vote before women. People tend to forget the centuries of ugly racism, oppression and violence. The times of slavery, Jim Crow laws, lynching and segregation along with the hardship of having no political voice. Many disregard that for every social policy throughout history with what appeared to be an open door, just became another obstacle for Blacks and step up for Whites. Social policies and government programs have neglected and shortchanged African Americans for decades. Today, African Americans continue to face economic, social and health disparities within society when compared to its white counterparts. African Americans are struggling with unemployment and poverty. According to Fletcher (2013) in 2012, the black unemployment rate was 14.0 percent, 2.1 times the white unemployment rate (6.6 percent). This rate is higher than the average national unemployment rate of 13.1 percent. For those African Americans who are employed, many are unable...
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...Movers and Shakers in Education In today’s education system there have been many individuals and acts that have helped develop, advance, and reform the education system to what it is today. The American education system has come a long way from the one room school house to parents having a choice to whom or where they send their child to school. A few of the influential people or acts are Horace Mann, John Dewey, Maria Montessori, and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. [pic] Horace Mann was an education reformist. He was a politician from Massachusetts that served in the state House of Representatives and Senate. In 1937, he served as Secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education. Mann is credited with being the “Father of the Common School Movement” (Good, 2008). Most states have adopted the version of the school system that Massachusetts had especially for the normal school to train educators. Horace Mann while he was Secretary of the Board of Education in Massachusetts he traveled to every school in the state. In 1838, Mann created the Common School Journal and it targeted public schools and its problems. He had “six main principles (a) the public schools and its problems, (b) education should be paid for, controlled, and sustained by the public, (c) education will be best provided in schools that embrace a variety of backgrounds, (d) education is non-sectarian, (e) education must be taught by the spirit, methods, and discipline...
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... 1. Free and Appropriate Public Education This mandate states that every child, abled and disabled, must be provided a free and appropriate public education. (Gargiulo, 2006) 2. Least Restrictive Environment This mandate states that if a mainstream classroom is conducive to a child’s individual needs they must be educated with children without disabilities. Every effort must be made to be inclusive of a child with disabilities in a regular classroom setting alongside children with disabilities. (Gargiulo, 2006) 3. Individualized Education Plan Upon identification of a child’s disability, an individualized education plan (IEP) must be written. These IEP’s must be updated or developed annually by a team of professionals, with input from the parents and, if appropriate, the student. The IEP must include measures of the student’s current educational level, identifiable goals for the year, methods in which evaluation of goals will occur, specific special education services needed, level of mainstream inclusion or reasoning for exclusion from mainstream class, changes necessary in comparison to mainstream education, projected timeline to initiate services and/or duration of services, and annual evaluation of progress made by student on the IEP. (Gargiulo, 2006) 4. Procedural Due Process This mandate is designed to ensure that parents and students, if appropriate, are involved in each aspect of their education. This ensures that parents are involved...
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...Study: Student with Special Needs Essay Introduction Beginning in the mid-2000s, more than six million kids ages between six and twenty-one were receiving special education and other needed special services through the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) that was implemented starting in 1997. This was a twenty-five percent increase from 1993, where approximately 4.8 million children were getting special necessities. In today’s society, students who have disabilities are offered attention that is different from students who do not have disabilities in public schools and the court system. Before 1975, an administrator could refuse special services to student with disabilities if they did not exist. In 1975, Congress passed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA). In addition, Congress also reauthorized the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1990. Both of these acts allowed disable students the opportunity to obtain a quality education, as well as prepared them for a future career and living on their own (GCU Lecture Notes 2010). The following essay identifies a problem that happened within a school regarding a disable student. It summarizes the problem and provides a thorough examination of reactions of the perceptions and conventions of those individuals involved in the problem. Finally, it discusses how this situation was handled in the court system. Forest Grove School District v. T.A. (2009) On September 11, 1985...
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...A. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997 (IDEA), is a federal special education law and was signed into law in June 1997. The IDEA pledges that each child with a disability as well as students who need special education services has the right to a free proper public education, with the least restrictive environment. Below are the six components that are included in the IDEA. They include; 1 Free Appropriate Public Education(FAPE): In this component, the IDEA pledges that all students with a disability must be provided at a no cost public education services that is appropriate to his or her special needs within the public school system. 2 Least Restrictive Environment is the second component. This component ensures the student will receive a free appropriate public education with the least restrictive environment. It also contends the IDEA’s beliefs, that educating students within the general education population as well as the general education curriculum is the first priority that the IEP team must consider. 3 Individualized Education Program (IEP) Is the third component. This component will make certain that child with disabilities will be given the suitable as well as the individualized education. The IDEA states that after evaluating the information that is gathered, the IEP group will prepare a written document stating the special educational services available to the student. The steps involved in the IEP procedure include the testing...
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...SPED3100 Chapter 1: Perspectives on Disability Note: Guided notes are submitted in D2L before class and must be a minimum of 3 pages. Raymond, E. B. (2012). Learners with mild disabilities: A characteristics approach. (4th Ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. 1. Distribution of Disabilities a) Source: From 28th Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 2006 (Vol. 1, p.41) by U.S. Department of Education, 2009, Washington, D.C.: USDOE i. Specific Learning Disabilities: 46.4% ii. Speech or Language Impairments: 18.8% iii. Intellectual Disabilities: 9.3% iv. Emotional Disturbance: 7.9% v. Other Health Impairments: 8.4% vi. Other disabilities combined: 9.2% 2. Studying High-Prevalence Disabilities a) High-prevalence disabilities include learning disabilities, mild intellectual disabilities, emotional or behavioral disorders, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder i. All are served by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act b) Students with ADHD typically have another disability, as well c) 50% of students in special education have learning disabilities, while 10% have intellectual disabilities, and another 10% have emotional disorders d) Students may display a variety of difficulties, issues, and behaviors that cause identification and classification to be difficult e) It is important to provide services for students based on their individual characteristics than to provide...
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...Education of Individuals with Disability Name: Institution: Education of Individuals with Disability History of Special Education In the early 18th century, people with disability were often ignored, obscured, or put to death. First efforts to provide education for disabled students were focused on students with sensory problems such as the deaf and blind. During the 19 and early 20th century, schools that were specialized in providing education to students with disability emerged in United States and Europe. The extremely published story of Helen Keller influenced the introduction of education for disabled people in America. In 1887, Anne Sullivan who was Helen’s teacher said that he will not give up in offering education to the deaf and the blind, and she succeeded in teaching a five year old Helen how to communicate (Ashbaker, 2011, p. 25). Prior to 1965, there were no free education services provided to students with serious disabilities. These students were barred from attending school. Most of the students with severe disabilities used to put up in institutions. Many students who had mild disabilities and were not in a position to complete high school without any help did not have any other alternative other than dropping out of school. To appreciate developments that have placed disabled students in normal learning classroom, it is important to understand the legislative history that led to this move. Back in 1954, there was a civil rights case that involving...
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...have the right to an education, regardless of disability. However, children with disabilities have not always had that right provided to them. Research and knowledge-based evidence throughout the last century has greatly changed educators’ opinions and positions on special education. A key point that will be discussed in this essay is the enactment of the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), as well as current and future challenges of special education. The initial creation and development of our educational system disregarded the needs of children with disabilities. Because of very limited educational options, most disabled children were either educated in their homes or their parents paid for them to attend expensive private schools (The History of Special Education in the United States, 2009). Through parent-formed advocacy groups the educational needs of children with disabilities were brought to the public’s eye in the early part of the 20th Century (The History of Special Education in the United States, 2009). In 1961, President John F. Kennedy awarded federal aid to the States through the creation of the President’s Panel on Mental Retardation (The History of Special Education in the United States, 2009). Shortly thereafter, in 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (The History of Special Education in the United States, 2009). This act provided funding to schools that enrolled children with disabilities, thus giving disabled...
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...| | Individual with Disabilities Education Act Litigation Every person is different and every person learns in a different way or style and every person deserves the opportunity to an education. This could justify need for differentiation but could it also justify a need for a special education program? To answer the question pose, first we have to answer why there is a need for a special education program? Horace Mann explains it more eloquently; he says “education, then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, the balance wheel of the social machinery”. Personally, I feel this quote explains the need for special education. Educating students with disabilities levels the playing field with their peers and enhancing the studies of those children with special gifts and talents advances their learning. Students with learning disabilities should be educated in the least restrictive environment, those gifted should be among peers with similar strengths and all their abilities and inabilities should be accommodated. Special education is the legal definition of programs that provide greater support for certain students and is sometimes referred to as (EC). Exceptional students does not refer to a specific location or fixed concept, however, to include a broader range of services from a smaller individualized learning environments, to assistive technology, and/or a modified curriculum that capitalizes on student’s...
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...Special Education 1 Module 1 – History of Special Education Sandra A. Roland Grand Canyon University SPE – 526 Educating Learners With Diverse Needs Dr. Gary McDaniel January 6, 2011 Module 1 – History of Special Education 2 Abstract The history of Special Education began and surfaced in the U.S., after World War II, by a number of parent organized advocacy groups. One of the first organizations formed was the “American Association on Mental Deficiency,” which held its first convention in 1947. There was a number of other parent organizations formed, which was fueled by the” Civil Rights Movement” in the early 1950s, including the “United Cerebral Palsy Association”, the “Muscular Dystrophy Association,” and the “John F. Kennedy’s Panel on Mental Retardation,” which was established by President John F. Kennedy in 1961. This panel recommended federal aid to states. The “Elementary and Secondary Act” was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965, providing funding for primary education. The advocacy groups believed this expanded access and public education for children with disabilities. The Federal government in (1950s and 1960s), worked with the support of the advocacy of family associations, such as “The ARC,” which began to develop and validate practices for children with disabilities and their families. These practices laid the foundation for implementing effective programs and services of early intervention and special education in states...
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