...Question 1 Indonesia began a process of rapid government decentralization in 1999 from a formerly strong centralized government structure (Keith Green, 2009). According to Darmawan (2008), under former president Habibie, this reform process was conducted due to the introduction of new decentralization guidance in 2001 under Law 22/1999 on regional governments and Law 25/1999 on fiscal balance between the central and regional governments have changed the intergovernmental relations in Indonesia. Then, they were replaced by Law 32/2004 and Law 33/2004. The World Bank declared that decentralization is defined as “the transfer of authority and responsibility for public functions from the central government to intermediate and local governments or quasi-independent government organizations and/or the private sector”. Decentralization is also regarded as a way of diffusing social and political tensions and ensuring local cultural and political autonomy (Bardhan, 2002, p. 185). Local governments in Indonesia started to develop and to govern their regions by gaining huge transfer of authority and ability to make their own decision-making from central government with these laws. Indonesia begins with the components in political decentralization and then move forward to fiscal decentralization and finally the administrative decentralization. According to Cheema, Nellis and Rondinelli (1999), political decentralization aims to give citizens or their elected representatives more power in public...
Words: 3842 - Pages: 16
...difficulty is reflected in the country’s ranking of 109th out of 189 countries in the World Bank Doing Business Report of 2016. Restrictive legislation, bureaucracy as well as Indonesia’s diverse cultural are several entry barriers for foreign companies seeking investment opportunities. Often, it is necessary to find a local partner to enter the Indonesian market, and to form an international joint-venture can is one of the way to enter the marketplace. Even though it remains difficult to enter the Indonesian Market, the government started to implement measures to facilitate foreign investments since 2007: • Making it easier to start a business: Indonesia introduce online procedures to create a business structure • Reduced regulatory complexity: Indonesia introduced an online system for filling and paying social security contributions. International Joint Venture in Indonesia : In Indonesia, it is necessary for any foreigner who want to start a business, including a joint-venture, to conduct his business activity through a foreign investment company, called PMA (Penanaman Modal Asing). The PMA is regulated under the Indonesian Company Law. The contract signed by the two parties of the JV, setting out the respective rights and obligations of both parties is called a JVA (Joint-venture agreement). Concerning management obligations, it is important to underline the role of company director. Indeed, the company director is held personally responsible for losses caused by negligent...
Words: 833 - Pages: 4
...Question 1 Using this case and the cultural dimensions explored in this chapter, discuss some of the way in which Australian and New Zealand are members of cultures very different from any other in Asia. Differences in the behavior of individuals and groups within an organisation in foreign subsidiaries can be a result of differences in societal or sociocultural variables of culture such as religion and language. These variables affect cultural dimensions. Which in turn affect an individual’s motivation and expectations in the work place. The predominant religion in Indonesia is Islam, while Australia is considered to be Mixed Christian and New Zealand Roman Catholic (Deresky 2014). Companies operating in Muslim countries or that have a large Muslim workforce are expected to make provisions for pray time and religious commitments such as Ramadan. In Australia and New Zealand Christianity employees typically have a number of day off during religious holidays, and the respect for people not wanting to work on Sundays (Deresky 2014). The official language in Indonesia is Bahasa Indonesia (Riza 2008), and in Australia and it is English (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011) The GLOBE project investigates how cultural variables are related to organizational practices. GLOBE dimension scores of Australia and Indonesia are as follows. Assertiveness: Australia 4.28 Indonesia 3.86 Future orientation: Australia 4.09 Indonesia 3.86 Performance orientation: Australia 4.36 Indonesia...
Words: 1440 - Pages: 6
... | | | |Student ID |29112169 |Mobile phone |081806527970 | | | | | | | |Course code and title |MM5001 | Business Ethics & Law | | | |Course time and place |Sunday, 2 September 2012 | Jakarta |Program |MBA Jakarta | | | |Lecturer |Karl Knapp | | | | | | | |Assignment number |Mid-Test |Due date |11 September 2012 | | | |Assignment title/topic/case |Business Ethic & Law Mid-Term Examination | | | |Assignment type (choose one)...
Words: 3096 - Pages: 13
...CHAPTER II DISCUSSION THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AMERICAN AND INDONESIAN CULTURE. 1. Indonesian eat rice, American eat breads and potatoes. For indonesian, it is very common to eat rice. They feel unfull if they do not eat it. American sometimes eat rice but they do not eat it every day. Bread is very common and special for them. Besides, American love potaoes,too. 2. Indonesian love cigarette and little bit of alcohol, and even most of them do not drink at all. It because most of them are moeslim. American love alcohol, but little bit of cigarette. Perhaps it sounds strange but the fact like that. Almost all people in Indonesia are smoking especially men, and there are some person which consumption the alcohol. But, in America is very contrary in Indonesia. Almost american consume alcohol and only a few person who smoking. I think one of the reason why American consume it because the weather. In America has winter and autumn. Surely it is very cool. So, they consume it to warm their bodies. 3. Indonesian love offal, American love pork. Maybe not everyone in Indonesia like offal. Because it is unhealthy but it tastes very good. Because the taste, many people in Indonesia consume it. Although most of people also do not consume it because they feel displeasing and feel unwell after consuming it. While in America, the people love pork. It caused majority of Americans are christians even do not have religion so that they are allowed to consume pork. In Indonesia...
Words: 1122 - Pages: 5
...being. Family is a place to build a character of a person. Family is a place to learn how to respect and protect each other. And family will only work out only when the members work together and have a positive relationship to each other. Nowadays, in Surabaya, the meaning of building a good family has been fading. Every year, the number of divorce in Surabaya is getting bigger and bigger. And one of the causes of that is violence that happens in the family. Surabaya is one of the cities that have the highest number of domestic violence in Indonesia. Government has tried to solve this problem by Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2004 about Elimination of Domestic Violence (UU KDRT) and this law is very effective to help the victims of domestic violence speak up and search for protection. But this law does not make people...
Words: 1992 - Pages: 8
...Curd serve with Mayo Dip Braised Bean Curd with Mince Meat Sauce Thai Style Bean Curd with Lime, Coriander & Chili Dip Nonya Chap Chye 20 Bukit Ba tok Crescen t, #13-02 E nter pris e Centr e S in gapore 6580 80 Tel: 6323 64 45 Sales@c asser ole.c om.sg GST Re g. No: M9035 8258C Biz Reg. No: 52919962 M CASSEROLE CATERING SERVICES Noodle And Bee Hoons Stir-Fry Bee Hoon Vegetarian Delight Sambal Mee Goreng Stir-Fry Egg Noodle Hong Kong Style Xiao Bai Chye in Superior Soya Sauce Stir-fry Cauliflower with Shrimps & Mushrooms Baby Kai Lan with Assorted Mushrooms Fried Savoury Seafood Stir-fry Sambal Sting Ray Butterfly Prawns Serve with Fruit Mayo Dip Deep Fried Fish Fillet with Sweet & Sour Sauces Stir-fry Black Pepper Squid Indonesian Style Achar Fish Fillet Vegetarian Spring Rolls Mini Potato Curry Samosa Curry Flavoured Chicken Winglets Home-made Ngoh Hiang Stuff with Water Chestnut Cottage Sweet Potato Rolls serve with Dip Poultry Nonya Chicken Curry Roast Honey Glazed Chicken Dessert Honey Dew Sago Longan Bean Curd with Cocktail Bobo Chacha (HOT) Stir-fry Chicken with Asian Spices & Herbs Shrimp Paste Chicken Breaded Chicken Cutlet with Lemon Sauce Grass Jelly Longan with Lemon & Lime Tropical Fresh Fruits Platter Drinks Ice Lemon Tea Please circle 1 item from each Category & 2 items from Tofu & Greens. Complimentary Fresh Fruits Platter for 80 pax & above. Delivery charges of $30.00 waived for 60 pax & above. Orange Squash Tropical Fruit Punch...
Words: 394 - Pages: 2
...Indonesian alphabet |A a |B b |C c |D d | |Aa |a |/a/ |a as in father | |Bb |bé |/b/ |b as in bed | |Cc |cé |/t͡ʃ/ |ch as in check | |Dd |dé |/d/ |d as in day | |Ee |é |/ə/ |e as in under | | | |/ɛ/ |e as in get | |Ff |éf |/f/ |f as in fish | |Gg |gé |/ɡ/ |g as in gain | |Hh |ha |/h/ |h as in harm | |Ii |i |/i/ |i as in it, in, or is ...
Words: 265 - Pages: 2
...Galangal, a herb like ginger and turmeric belongs to the rhizome family. It is also known as 'Siamese ginger' and is commonly used in Southeast Asian cuisine, especially Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia. The raw galangal has a citrus flavor with an earthy aroma. The flavor often resembles to cedar. Though it belongs to the ginger family, but the galangal doesn’t have a peppery heat. So, it mostly used in the cuisine like soup and rendang. Although it is similar to ginger, a closer look will reveal the difference between galangal and ginger. Galangal has a tighter skin, is lighter in color and can have pinkish portions too. My mother origin is Indonesia; most of her dishes contain galangal. The best recipe that she ever made is chicken galangal rendang. I very impressed with the dish. In my head “how come a lot of galangal cooked with chicken can be eaten deliciously”. So, I decide to choose this topic, Galangal. I really want to know more about galangal; the history, uses and many more. Galangal is now grown in most Southeast-Asian countries, but was first harvested for use in cooking and medicine in China and Java. But by the Middle Ages, galangal had traveled extensively, and was already in common use throughout Europe. Referred to as "the spice of life" by St. Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179), galangal was, in fact, one of her favorite remedies. This famous herbalist used galangal to treat everything from deafness and heart disease to indigestion. During the 13th-14th...
Words: 1138 - Pages: 5
... ) NAME OF LECTURER : PROF. DR. MUHAMMAD SHAHRIM B. KARIM INTRODUCTION The Javanese people migrated from Central Java, Indonesia to Malaysia from 1880 to 1930. They migrated to seek a new life away from Dutch colonists who ruled Indonesia at that time. Today they moved along throughout Peninsular Malaysia in parts of Perak, Selangor, and Kedah. There are also isolated communities in coastal areas of Sabah. The Javanese peoples also have their own food that symbolizes them. Javanese cuisine is the cuisine of Javanese people, a major ethnic group in Indonesia, more precisely the province of Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java. However, Javanese cuisine is more native developed. Popular Indonesian perceived that Javanese cuisine tastes rather sweet compared to other Indonesian cuisines, because generous amount of palm sugar or sweet soy sauce favoured by Javanese. The Javanese food can be categorized into Central and East Javanese food which is both serve simple and less spicy food. However Central Javanese food is tends to be sweeter. We will elaborate more about their food. TYPE OF FOODS In Javanese culture, the foods are being divided into three major type of cuisine. The three cuisines known as Central Javanese cuisine, East Javanese cuisine and common Javanese cuisine. Those three groups have different type of dishes & flavour. For Central Javanese cuisine the food flavour is sweeter and less spicy compared to East Javanese cuisine which is use less sugar...
Words: 2630 - Pages: 11
...Traditional Market vs Modern Market Market is a place where sellers and buyers meet each other to do some economics activities. The role of the market is very important for the economy of Indonesia. The sellers can sell their products to the buyers who need to buy something from the sellers. Instead, in traditional market the buyers can bargain the price of the goods sold by the sellers until they agreed with each other. The government has responsibilities for the activities happen in the markets. Not only for the capital markets but also for traditional market which are used for commerce. Traditional market sells the household’s goods and also foods. The majority of the buyers come from low and middle class. The government has the authority to regulate the implementation of the market in order to avoid people who involved feel harmed from the operational of the market until setting prices which will be sold in the market. Indonesia as a developing countries can be understood its behavior from 6 theories, which are: 1. The theory of Government Siding 2. The theory of Poskolonial 3. The theory of Culture 4. The theory of Authoritarian-Bureaucratic Country 5. The theory of Political Coalition and the Importance of Economics 6. The theory of the Triangular Alliance (Agustino, 2007: 40) With those 6 theories, we can see how Indonesia regulate the implementation of the market. In this paper, we will discuss about the first theory, “The theory of Government...
Words: 1262 - Pages: 6
...Article 152 states that the national language is the Malay language. In relation to other languages, the Constitution provides that: (a) everyone is free to teach, learn or use any other languages, except for official purposes. Official purposes here means any purpose of the Government, whether Federal or State, and includes any purpose of a public authority. (b) the Federal and State Governments are free to preserve or sustain the use and study of the language of any other community. Article 152(2) created a transition period for the continued use of English for legislative proceedings and all other official purposes. For the States in Peninsular Malaysia, the period was ten years from Merdeka Day and thereafter until Parliament provided otherwise. Parliament subsequently enacted the National Language Acts 1963/67 which provided that the Malay language shall be used for all official purposes. The Acts specifically provide that all court proceedings and parliamentary and state assembly proceedings are to be conducted in Malay, but exceptions may be granted by the judge of the court, or the Speaker or President of the legislative assembly. The Acts also provide that the official script for the Malay language is the Latin alphabet or Rumi; however, use of Jawi is not prohibited. There is a controversial issue raised regarding the Teaching and Learning Science and Mathematics in English also known as Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains dan Matematik dalam Bahasa Inggeris...
Words: 421 - Pages: 2
...Case answer, 1. One way that Australia and New Zealand differ from the other Asian countries is how they develop relationships, in Indonesia and the other Asian countries, they value building long term relationships that produce profit rather than short term relationships that makes quick dollar. Another difference that Australia and New Zealand share from other Asian countries is that the Asian countries believe that western countries should respect their culture, taboos, ands language. Most of the time, it is believed that westerners style of living is more superior to that of others and not being able to understand or care to understand their cultural beliefs and customs really affects how they look at western countries. (Stigler 2013) Australia and New Zealand being western countries, sensitivity to the needs of employees is a management area that is rarely stressed in most western business cultures (such as in Australia and New Zealand) where efficiency, productivity and effectiveness take priority. For example, the Javanese usually advise the need to “eling” which means “not to allow oneself to be overwhelmed by feelings and mix-up thoughts but to regain self-control” (page 122) in a situation where somebody loses their self-control through anger, distress or confusion. This is a rule shared by several countries Africa, Asia, Caribbean, South America and North America. Thus “eling” gives rise to a situation where by “making and wearing mask” to hide emotions, thereby...
Words: 690 - Pages: 3
...JTV’s Program “NGAJI BLUSUKAN” in Sociolinguistic Perspective When I start to write this paper, I felt that it is very interesting for me to write about something that I like. There are many things came to my mind when the assignment was announced. In this paper I want to write about Ngaji Blusukan, one of JTV’s programs, in sociolinguistics perspective. Ngaji Blusukan is a program broad casted By JTV every the Monday to Friday at 5 pm. It is a religious monologue show and some time it is broadcasted lively at night. The speaker is KH. Aad Ainurussalam who lives on Jl. Sambi Arum Tandes Manukan 23 Surabaya. I choose this program to discuss simply because it is very interesting show/program. Beside, this program does not only give the audience knowledge or information but also entertainment as well. This program also aroused the the popularity of KH. Aad Ainurussalam (people usually call him Yai Aat). Because of this program, more people know Yai Aat and the rank of this program is also rising. We can see in DVD or VCD retailers that there are many of Ngaji Blusukan or Yai Aat’s Pengajian sold there. That is why in this opportunity I want to discuss it in sociological perspective. And since it is a paper to accomplish the final assignment, hopefully I can get god mark and enjoy writing this paper. First of all I would like to write about the speaker, in this case KH. Aat Ainurussalam. KH. (KH. Means Kyai: the degree given to someone who leads Pesantre and Haji: the tittle...
Words: 2661 - Pages: 11
...HISTORY OF MALAYSIAN ARTS Malaysia is a very unique country that have multi-cultural, multi-racial, multi-ethnics and multilingual as this country consist of 50% Malays, 30% Chinese and 20% India and this country also consist of various ethnics as well as migrants and colonial settlers that comes from Portugal, British and Japan afterwards all of these factors contributed to the development of arts in Malaysia. Malaysian arts also have been influenced by the Hindus and Islam in architecture design, music, language and literaturer. We can see the Hindus influential mostly in the classic literaturer for instance Hikayat Jaya Lengkara and Hikayat Indera Bangsawan while Islam has influenced Malaysian architecture design, music and paint such as Sultan Abdul Samad building has Islamic style design like floral and geometrical shapes furthermore to spread Islam reformation Arabian people encouraged local people to sing songs that shows praisal and worship the almighty Allah and His messenger Muhammad. Malaysian artists have different styles in paintings and they adopted artistic techniques from British, Chinese and Middle East creativity. Generally Malaysian arts have been influenced by the exterior factors and help to build great and diverse Malaysian arts. The Music of Malaysia Music and dance are almost inseparable in the Malaysian culture. Where there is one, the other is not far behind. True to Malaysia's heritage, dances vary widely and are, if not imports direct from the source...
Words: 1477 - Pages: 6
