...Savage__________________ Faraday Induction – Lab 21 Go to http://www.colorado.edu/physics/phet/simulations/faraday/faraday.jnlp and click on Run Now. Directions 1. Screen 1 Screen 1 Getting started. Open the website listed above and on the top of the screen select the tab marked Pickup Coil. 2. Make observations & draw conclusions. Add a field meter to the default screen and drag that field meter so it measures the magnetic field in the middle of the pickup coil. Your screen should look something like what you see to the right, on Screen 1. When the light bulb lights up it indicates the electricity has been generated. Grab the magnet and move it around and observe what happens to the strength of the magnetic field and to the light bulb. Based on your observations what conditions must happen for electricity to be generated. Answer: Observations-As the magnetic field is moved from the bottom of the coil and moves around the coil from left to the top and then the right, the strength of the magnetic field increased; therefore, it can be concluded that the strength of the magnetic field affects the amount of electricity generated. 3. Make observations & draw conclusions. Move the magnet back and forth, fast and then slow. What general rule can you make about the speed of the magnet and electrical generation? Answer: Observations- Flux is proportional to the field strength. It depends on the rate of change of the magnetic field, moving the magnet quickly will result...
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...Introduction: In this lab we will reverse the situation. That is we will create an electric field from a changing magnetic field. We will be able to detect this electric field by measuring the induced EMF. Equipment Required: • Windows PC • LabPro • Logger Pro • Voltage Probe • Spool of wire • Bar Magnet • Plastic pipe Theory: Faraday’s law of Induction for the induced emf can be written as: emf = −N ΔΦB Δt Where N is the number of turns of a wire loop, which is multiplied by the time rate of change of the magnetic flux. In this experiment, you will make a changing magnetic field by dropping a magnet through a coil of wire. The motion of the magnet will provide the changing magnetic field, which will induce an emf and hence a current in a coil of wire. You will detect that emf with the voltage probe. Setup: 1 2 3 Connect the power cord to the LabPro and connect it to a computer using the USB cable. Be sure to press the ends in firmly. Connect the voltage probe to the LabPro CH1 port. About 40 cm from the end of the plastic pipe wrap at approximately 3 m of wire around the tube, keeping the coils to a narrow band no more than 2 cm across. Be sure to count the number of coils. Use a piece of tape to hold them in place. Leave about 5 cm of wire from each end free. 4 Remove approximately 2 cm of insulation from the ends of the wires, and connect them to the clip leads of the voltage probe. 5 Hold the tube vertically so that you can drop the magnet through the tube. You...
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...comes in many different types and a strikingly broad range of sizes, from those little machines that cause cell ’phones and pagers to vibrate (yes, those are rotating electric machines) to turbine generators with ratings upwards of a Gigawatt. Most of the machines with which we are familiar are rotating, but linear electric motors are widely used, from shuttle drives in weaving machines to equipment handling and amusement park rides. Currently under development are large linear induction machines to be used to launch aircraft. It is our purpose in this subject to develop an analytical basis for understanding how all of these different machines work. We start, however, with a picture of perhaps the most common of electric machines. 2 Electric Machine Description: Figure 1 is a cartoon drawing of a conventional induction motor. This is a very common type of electric machine and will serve as a reference point. Most other electric machines operate in 1 a fashion which is the same as the induction machine or which differ in ways which are easy to reference to the...
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...OF CONTENTS I. Title Page II. Table of Contents III. Abstract IV. Introduction V. Statement of the Objective VI. Records of Data, Sketch, Photos of Lab Project VII. Result/Output of test VIII. Conclusion IX. Recommendation X. References XI Appendix Abstract A transformer is an electrical device that is used to change the voltage in alternating current (AC) electrical circuits. The ability of this device to change voltage is a major advantage of AC electricity over direct current (DC). A transformer needs an alternating current that will create a changing magnetic field. A changing magnetic field also induces a changing voltage in a coil. This is the basis of how a transformer works: The primary coil is connected to an AC supply. Wrap two, equal-length bars of steel with a thin layer of electrically-insulating tape. Wrap several hundred turns of magnet wire around these two bars. You may make these windings with an equal or unequal number of turns, depending on whether or not you want the transformer to be able to “step” voltage up or down. I recommend equal turns to begin with, and then experiment later with coils of unequal turn count. Join those bars together in a rectangle with two other, shorter, bars of steel. Use bolts to secure the bars together (it is recommended that you drill bolt holes through the bars before you wrap wire around them). Check for shorted windings (ohmmeter reading between wire ends and steel bar) after you’re finished wrapping the...
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...INTRODUCTION MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRASPORT, OR MAGLEV, IS A FORM OF TRANSPORTATION THAT SUSPENDS, GUIDES AND PROPELS VEHICLES VIA ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE Air flights are and will remain beyond the reach of a major section of society, particularly in India. Moreover there are problems of wastage of time in air traffic delays and 2 growing safety concerns. Trends in increased mobility of large masses with changing lifestyle for more comfort are leading to congestion on roads with automobiles. Besides, increasing pollution levels from automobiles, depleting fuel resources, critical dependence on the fuel import and due to a limited range of mobility of buses and cars the need for fast and reliable transportation is increasing throughout the world. High-speed rail has been the solution for many countries. Trains are fast, comfortable, and energy-efficient and magnetic levitation may be an even better solution.Development of magnetic levitated transport systems is under progress in developed countries and it is just a matter of time they make inroads to India as well. Therefore, it will be interesting to know about the science and technology behind mass ground transport system known as "magnetic flight". A LITTLE HISTORY In 1922 a German engineer named Hermann Kemper recorded his first ideas for an electromagnetic levitation train. He received a patent in 1934 and one year later demonstrated the first functioning...
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...grid power supply. Because the rotor speed is proportional to the frequency of excitation, synchronous motors can be used in situations where constant speed drive is required. Since the reactive power generated by a synchronous machine can be adjusted by controlling the magnitude of the rotor field current, unloaded synchronous machines are also often installed in power systems solely for power factor correction or for control of reactive kVA flow. Such machines, known as synchronous condensers, may be more economical in the large sizes than static capacitors. With power electronic variable voltage variable frequency (VVVF) power supplies, synchronous motors, especially those with permanent magnet rotors, are widely used for variable speed drives. If the stator excitation of a permanent magnet motor is controlled by its rotor position such that the stator field is always 90o (electrical) ahead of the rotor, the motor performance can be very close to the conventional brushed dc motors, which is very much favored for variable speed drives. The rotor position can be either detected by using rotor position...
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...Wireless Electricity What is it? The understanding that electricity could travel through the air has been around since Tesla. Frequencies have been used to transmit an electrical signal since the 1800’s and now the world is seeing the next level of the frequency evolution. The new standard in power is wireless and it has the ability to revolutionize nearly every industry that benefits from the use of power. Everything from a small toy to a large industrial air handler can be run without wires and instead be a standalone unit that never loses power. The basis of wireless power transfer occurs between a handful of phenomena that have been discovered by scientists recently. Magnetism is something that we have been exposed to since early in our lives. Electromagnetism we have always known to be magnets coupled with electricity makes the magnet stronger. Magnetic induction has been around since 1831, it was theorized by Michael Faraday to be the medium to induce current in a nearby circuit (BBC). Energy and power coupling is a virtual handshake between the sending and receiving units. There does not have to physical contact to deliver the power and this is where the science gets even more interesting. Resonance is a delivery method that isn’t new to us because we have been using it for centuries. It is a naturally occurring frequency that occurs when the system of kinetic energy interacts with potential energy (Witricity, NA). Resonant magnetic coupling can be considered the...
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...studentNational University of Singapore MW5200 MSC SCIENCE COMMUNICATION PROJECT Project Report Strengthening student engagement in the classroom. Course: Msc (Science Communication) Faculty of Science National University of Singapore Ganeshini D/O Sri kanthan A0075383Y Name: Student ID: Project Supervisor: A/P Helmer Aslaksen ABSTRACT The Ministry of Education (MOE) recognizes the importance of student engagement in the classroom. However, keeping students engaged in the classroom is a challenge for many educators these days. Student engagement is a contested concept, theorized in a variety of different ways within academic literature. This projects aims to define and understand the concept of student engagement. The purpose of this project was also to find out the usage of engagement based approaches in the classroom. The survey results in this project indicate that teachers do use these approaches in the classroom but not frequently enough. Usage of engagement based approaches in the classroom can be increased with changes in attitudes of teachers, sufficient support from schools and changes in modes of assessment. i AKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the following people who have helped me in making this Masters Project interesting and a memorable one: Associate Professor Helmer Aslaksen for his guidance and patience. Without his constant assurance and encouragement this would not be possible. Colleagues and friends who contributed...
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...* DISPENSER * IR LEDS * SENSOR * INDICATOR * LAVATORIES * PHOTOTRANSISTOR * INFRARED * GALLIUM * ARSENIDE * PHOTORESISTOR(LDR) * RELAY * TELEGRAPH CIRCUIT * PROTECTIVE RELAY * IC BURNER DISPENSER One that dispenses or gives out, especially a machine or container that allows the contents to be removed and used in convenient or prescribed amounts. IR LEDS An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special purpose LED that transmits infrared rays in the range of 760 nm wavelength. Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or aluminium gallium arsenide. They, along with IR receivers, are commonly used as sensors. The appearance is same as a common LED. Since the human eye cannot see the infrared radiations, it is not possible for a person to identify whether the IR LED is working or not, unlike a common LED. To overcome this problem, the camera on a cellphone can be used. The camera can show us the IR rays being emanated from the IR LED in a circuit. SENSOR A sensor (also called detector) is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an (today mostly electronic) instrument. For example, a mercury-in-glass thermometer converts the measured temperature into expansion and contraction of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube. A thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage which can be read by a voltmeter. For accuracy...
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...science. He was a true visionary far ahead of his contemporaries in the field of scientific development. New York State and many other states in the USA proclaimed July 10, Tesla’s birthday- Nikola Tesla Day. Many United States Congressmen gave speeches in the House of Representatives on July 10, 1990 celebrating the 134th anniversary of scientist-inventor Nikola Tesla. Senator Levine from Michigan spoke in the US Senate on the same occasion. The street sign “Nikola Tesla Corner” was recently placed on the corner of the 40th Street and 6th Avenue in Manhattan. There is a large photo of Tesla in the Statue of Liberty Museum. The Liberty Science Center in Jersey City, New Jersey has a daily science demonstration of the Tesla Coil creating a million volts of electricity before the spectators eyes. Many books were written about Tesla : Prodigal Genius: The Life of Nikola Tesla by John J. O’Neill and Margaret Cheney’s book Tesla: Man out of Time has contributed significantly to his fame. A documentary film Nikola Tesla, The Genius Who Lit the World, produced by the Tesla Memorial Society and the Nikola Tesla Museum in Belgrade, The Secret of Nikola Tesla (Orson Welles), BBC Film Masters of the Ionosphere are other tributes to the great genius. Nikola Tesla was born on July 10, 1856 in Smiljan, Lika, which was then part of the Austo-Hungarian Empire, region of Croatia. His father, Milutin Tesla was a Serbian Orthodox Priest and his mother Djuka Mandic was...
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...CHAPTER 1 There are several ways to capture and listen to sounds at a distance. Obviously, it could always set microphones at a location of interest, and transmit the sounds by wire or radio to certain position. However, that is not always convenient or practical in certain cases of surveillance, or when dealing with bird calls or animal sounds. Another option is to use a sensitive, directional microphone similar to those used in network TV broadcasts of football or other sporting events. Such microphones typically have parabolic reflectors for focusing sound onto them which is perfect for long-distance monitoring or surveillance (Blackwell, 2012). A parabolic microphone uses a parabolic reflector (or dish) that will collect and focus sound waves onto a microphone receiver, in much the same way that a parabolic antenna (e.g. satellite dish) does with radio waves. A parabolic reflector will focus a parallel wave of sound onto a specific point, allowing a very weak sound to be more easily heard. Such reflectors are used in parabolic microphones to collect sound from a distant source or to choose a location from which sound is to be observed and then focus it onto a microphone (Matos, 2012). A parabolic microphone works much like a satellite dish. A parabolic dish reflects the sound waves from a larger area down to a small point, so using a parabolic dish with an attached microphone can allow a person to listen to unclear sounds at a great distance. When looking for a parabolic...
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...Summer School Project – 2012 on Design and Development of Control system for a 4 DoF Robotic Arm Prototype for carrying out the in-vessel tasks in a Tokamak Submitted by Sudeepti Srivastava, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad Project Guides: Mr N.Raviprakash 1 Certificate This is to certify that Ms Sudeepti Srivastava from Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad has successfully completed her project on “Design and Development of Control system for a 4 DoF Robotic Arm Prototype for carrying out the in-vessel tasks in a tokamak” as a part of Summer School Program 2012, conducted at the Institute for Plasma Research. Her overall performance in the program was found to be excellent. Project Guide: Mr N Raviprakash 2 Design and Development of Control system for a 4 DoF Robotic Arm Prototype for carrying out the in-vessel tasks in a tokamak Submitted by Sudeepti Srivastava, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad ABSTRACT The main focus of this work was to design, develop and implementation of a prototype robotic arm with enhanced control for proof of concept of how to carry out in-vessel remote handling tasks in fusion experiments going inside a tokomak. The robot arm was designed with four degrees of freedom and talented to accomplish accurately simple tasks, such as light material handling, which will be integrated into a mobile platform that serves as an assistant for carrying...
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...A Pragmatic Introduction to the Art of Electrical Engineering Paul H. Dietz Version 1.0 - ©1998 Paul Henry Dietz - All rights reserved. A Pragmatic Introduction to the Art of Electrical Engineering i L ICENSE Rights and Obligations vii How it Works vii A Disclaimer viii C REDITS How Did We Get Here? ix A Book is Born ix And I Want to Thank All the Little People... x P ROLOGUE Electrical Engineering for Fun and Profit xi Cold Sandwiches, again? xi Electrical Engineering as Programming and Interfacing xii The Basic Stamp 2 xiii About This Book xiv C HAPTER 1 Getting Started with the BASIC Stamp 21 The Problem 1 What You Need to Know 1 What is a BASIC Stamp 2? 2 How Do I Wire it Up? 2 How Do I Get to the Software? 5 A First Example Program 5 A Second Example Program 6 ii A Pragmatic Introduction to the Art of Electrical Engineering C HAPTER 2 Lights and Switches 8 The Problem 8 What You Need to Know 8 What is Voltage? 9 What is Current? 10 What is an LED? 12 How Do I Interface a Switch? 16 What is a Seven Segment Display? 18 Where Do We Go Next? 20 C HAPTER 3 Maybe 21 The Problem 21 What You Need to Know 22 What is a Voltage Divider? 22 How Do I Solve More Complex Resistive Circuits? 24 Are There Any Tricks That Can Make This Easier? 27 What is an Independent Source and What is Superposition? 30 What is a Digital to Analog Convertor? 32 What’s Next? 33 C HAPTER 4 Guess the Number 34 The...
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...UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B. TECH DEGREE COURSE 2008 SCHEME ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING I to VIII SEMESTER SCHEME AND SYLLABUS BOARD OF STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B.Tech Degree Course – 2008 Scheme REGULATIONS 1. Conditions for Admission Candidates for admission to the B.Tech degree course shall be required to have passed the Higher Secondary Examination, Kerala or 12th Standard V.H.S.E., C.B.S.E., I.S.C. or any examination accepted by the university as equivalent thereto obtaining not less than 50% in Mathematics and 50% in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry/ Bio- technology/ Computer Science/ Biology put together, or a diploma in Engineering awarded by the Board of Technical Education, Kerala or an examination recognized as equivalent thereto after undergoing an institutional course of at least three years securing a minimum of 50 % marks in the final diploma examination subject to the usual concessions allowed for backward classes and other communities as specified from time to time. 2. Duration of the course i) The course for the B.Tech Degree shall extend over a period of four academic years comprising of eight semesters. The first and second semester shall be combined and each semester from third semester onwards shall cover the groups of subjects as given in the curriculum and scheme of examination ii) Each semester shall ordinarily comprise of not less than 400 working periods each of 60 minutes...
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...Electrical Engineering 101 Third Edition Electrical Engineering 101 Everything You Should Have Learned in School… but Probably Didn’t Third Edition Darren Ashby AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Newnes is an imprint of Elsevier Newnes is an imprint of Elsevier 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, UK © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/ permissions This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating...
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