...Introduction To Industrial Relations | | | Industrial relations has become one of the most delicate and complex problems of modern industrial society. Industrial progress is impossible without cooperation of labors and harmonious relationships. Therefore, it is in the interest of all to create and maintain good relations between employees (labor) and employers (management). | | Concept of Industrial Relations: The term ‘Industrial Relations’ comprises of two terms: ‘Industry’ and ‘Relations’. “Industry” refers to “any productive activity in which an individual (or a group of individuals) is (are) engaged”. By “relations” we mean “the relationships that exist within the industry between the employer and his workmen.” The term industrial relations explains the relationship between employees and management which stem directly or indirectly from union-employer relationship. Industrial relations are the relationships between employees and employers within the organizational settings. The field of industrial relations looks at the relationship between management and workers, particularly groups of workers represented by a union. Industrial relations are basically the interactions between employers, employees and the government, and the institutions and associations through which such interactions are mediated. The term industrial relations has a broad as well as a narrow outlook. Originally, industrial relations was broadly defined to include the relationships...
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...Industrial Relations in BD (Conceptual) 1. Question: Causes of poor Industrial Relation’s in BD a) Question: Political Interference may be creating bad IR practices? Answer: Political interferences are one of the causes of poor industrial relations. If there are any political influences then political aim will take over the industrial aim. If people are involved in politics then they will be more interested in politics and they will do work with less labor and try to earn compensation without working. Because then they will think that they have good relation with politicians and have shelter with political persons. Trade Unions did not bother the management then strike, lock out will be regular phenomena. For this unstable situation productivity will be hampered. Lastly by interferences of policies only CBA person benefited but ultimately labors become looser. We know productivity is directly involved with economy, if productivity less it will be create a great impact of our whole economy. If productivity will grow automatically economy of the country will be grow and if productivity will less automatically economy of the country will be less. For a good atmosphere of industrial relation need to a standard compensation and benefits, salary timely, recreation, leave for employees then they will actively. But if involve politics in industrial atmosphere then all things or all system will be destroy. There will be creating class conflict and dissatisfaction. Then all industry...
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...Assignment #3 The importance of industrial relations is the key to the progress and success of an organization. The important benefit of them is to ensure continuity of production. This means continuous employment for all from the managers to the workers. Disputes are the reflections of the failure of basic human urges or motivations to secure adequate satisfaction or expression that are fully cured by good industrial relations. Strikes, lockouts, unfair tactics, and grievances are a few of the reflections of industrial unrest and do not appear in an atmosphere of the industrial calm. In the end “good” industrial relations depends on which theory you find more persuasive: unitarism, radicalism, or pluralism. Unitarism is perceived as an integrated and harmonious system where the management, staff and all the members of the organization share the same objectives, interests, purposes and are viewed as one happy family. This single entity with a single authority has a loyalty structure which is considered paternalistic approaches were trade unions are deemed unnecessary and conflict is perceived as disruptive. Here management rights to manage are seen as legitimate and rational; and any opposition to management right to manage is seen as irrational. How long would the step ford wives syndrome last before it begins to crumble and fall apart? On the other hand radicalism objects to the capitalistic source of power where the ownership and control extends beyond the...
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...Early life and education John Dunlop the eldest of his seven siblings was born on the 5th July 1914 in Placerville, northern California, USA. Here in fertile lands of California His parents, John Wallace and the former Antonia Forni, Presbyterian missionaries owned a pear ranch. In due course of time however, his parents migrated to the distant island of Cebu in the Philippines situated in the western Pacific Ocean, with Taiwan to its north, Vietnam to the west, Indonesia to the south and the open North Pacific Ocean to the east. Here he was raised and educated until he graduated from high school. After finishing high school there, Dunlop and his brother soon after returned to the USA to further their education, he entered Marin Community College in California in 1931 because prestigious four-year universities were reluctant to take a student from such a little known high school.1 He transferred to the University of California at Berkeley, where he received a degree with highest honors in 1935 in northern California. He later transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, the same University which turned down his application for enrolment and graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1935 with highest honors. It was during his studies at Berkeley, that he met his fiancé’ Dorothy Emily Webb. The two got married on 6th July 1937. Dunlop continued studies at the University where he earned his PhD in Economics in 1939, delivering the dissertation “Movements of wage-rates in the...
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...Industrial Relations paradigm in India had dramatically changed following the adaptation of free market policy in the early nineties. With the dawn of liberalization, privatization and globalization (LPG), the country is, by and large, able to preserve a sound and positive industrial relations climate. This is apparent from the statistical figures of Union Government’s Labour Bureau, which exhibits drastic decline of industrial disputes from 1,825 in 1990 to 421 in 20081 , and India being the third most preferred global investment destination. Foreign direct investment inflows to India went up to $32 billion in 2011, which was a 33 percent increase over the previous year.2 ‘Liberalization’ and ‘Globalization’ introduced change of business environment, and increased competition among industries for survival. Potential market capacity and availability of workforce lured many MNC’s, representing the best brands of the world, to set up their offices in India, giving a tough competition to their counterparts. To compete in this customer driven market economy, industries requires flexibility in managing manpower to address occasional upsurge or slowdown in demand. But the archaic and rigid Indian labour laws, which were enacted 8 – 4 decades back, restricting right-sizing of manpower, are creating hurdles in smooth functioning of industries. These factors are tending industries to hire more and more numbers of contract labours to have greater...
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...INDUSTRIAL/LABOUR RELATIONS Meaning of Industrial Relations Means an Employer-employee relationships that are covered specifically under collective bargaining and industrial relation laws. It refers to all types of relationships between employer and employee, trade union and management, workers and union and between employee and employee. It also includes all sorts of relationships at both formal and informal levels in the organization. In broader sense industrial relations means all such relationships that a business enterprise maintains with various sections of society including employee, state, customers and public in industries contact. Parties in Industrial Relation Three main parties are directly involved in industrial relations: Employers: Employers possess certain rights vis-à-vis labors. They have the right to hire and fire them. Management can also affect workers’ interests by exercising their right to relocate, close or merge the factory or to introduce technological changes. Employees: Workers seek to improve the terms and conditions of their employment. They exchange views with management and voice their grievances. They also want to share decision making powers of management. Workers generally unite to form unions against the management and get support from these unions. Government: The central and state government influences and regulates industrial relations through laws, rules, agreements, awards of court and the like. It also includes third parties and labor...
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...Comparative Studies of Industrial or Employment Relations Assignment 1 Trimester 3 2013 HRM 603: Comparative Studies of Industrial or Employment Relations Assignment 1 Trimester 3 2013 Name: Cagi Merelita ID no.: 2011001230 Table of Contents Introduction 1 The development & evolution of IR/ER system 2 The development & evolution of IR/ER system in the Fiji Island 3 The IR/ER system of Australia against that of the Fiji Islands 4 The emerging issues & recent trends in IR/ER in both nations 5 Considered key roles & responsibilities by the major actors in an IR/ER system in each country 6 Major actor’s roles & responsibilities that are considered most significant in an IR/ER context & why 8 Bibliography 9 Introduction Employment Relations are the employer and employee relationship, it also describes the relationship between workers and employers in business (Employer and Employee Relations, 2011). Employment Relations is important because it encourages motivation, it builds up the reputation of a worker and the business through the increase in number of potential customers, investors and staff, increase in productivity output, efficiency and profit levels (Employer and Employee Relations, 2011). With the changing industrial landscape in every country or nation, the growth of new townships/cities and the dispersal of activity, a process of ‘industrial culturalisation’ of workers...
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...INTRODUCTION The term "Industrial Relations" has developed both a broad and a narrow meaning. Originally, industrial relations was broadly defined to include the totality of relationships and interactions between employers and employees. From this perspective, industrial relations covers all aspects of the employment relationship, including human resource (or personnel) management, employee relations, and union-management (or labor) relations. Since the mid-twentieth century, however, the term has increasingly taken on a narrower, more restricted interpretation that largely equates it with unionized employment relationships. In this view, industrial relations pertains to the study and practice of collective bargaining, trade unionism, and labor-management relations, while human resource management is a separate, largely distinct field that deals with nonunion employment relationships and the personnel practices and policies of employers. Both meanings of the term coexist in the twenty-first century, although the latter is the more common. ORIGINS The term "industrial relations" came into common usage in the 1910s, particularly in 1912 upon the appointment by President William Taft of an investigative committee titled the Commission on Industrial Relations. The commission's charge was to investigate the causes of widespread, often violent labor conflict and make recommendations regarding methods to promote greater cooperation and harmony among employers and employees. Shortly...
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...Industrial Relations in India Introduction The relationship between the employers, employees, trade unions and the government is called Industrial Relations. India is an emerging economy and the large informal sector poses a big challenge. 94% of our work force is in the informal sector where implementation of labour laws is difficult. Harmonious relationship is necessary for both the employers and employees to safeguard the interests of both the parties of production and all the other stakeholders. Evolution of IR in India The first phase (1947 to 1966): It was a time of import-substitution industrialization and national capitalism. Large employment-intensive public enterprises were forming and largely centralized bargaining with static real wages. The public sector unionism was growing and industrial relation was majorly Government controlled and regulated. The second phase (1967 to 1980): The employment growth was slowing down and real wages were declining. The IR system faced a major crisis during this phase. There were massive strikes, industrial conflicts, multiple unionism and decline in strength. The government was losing control over the IR system. The third phase (1981 to 1991): This was a period of ‘jobless growth’. The ‘independent’ enterprise unionism was rising and several city/ regional IR systems were operating. The government was slowly withdrawing from IR system. The post-reform decade (1992-2007): About 15% of the workforce (approximately 1.1 million) lost...
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...requirements are not met, then it will be deemed an illegal strike. With respect to labour law, an illegal strike can certainly affect the whole company, and even a city in some cases as it is a chain reaction to all its employees, shareholders, and owners. When an illegal strike happens, it is considered a breach of the collective agreement. The employer must find solutions to end the strike as quickly as possible as it impacts lost productivity, lost revenue, and income generation. The employer or union might file a grievance to take action during an illegal strike, and if it is not resolved, an arbitrator might step in and award damages to the employer or union. An employer may also seek additional assistance from the labour relations board during an illegal strike for assistance. 2) How should Bob begin to address this situation? Bob should begin to address the situation first by declaring that he will do a thorough investigation of Peter’s actions...
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...Trade unions exist to represent workers – to negotiate with employers on their members behalf about pay and conditions. Industrial action is a mechanism used to put pressure on employers to resolve grievances. This action can take the form of a strike which is a withdrawal of labour. A tort is defined as a civil wrong for which financial compensation can be claimed. The industrial torts include:- • Conspiracy • Intimidation • Inducing a breach of contract (indirect interference with the performance of a contract • Interference with trade or business by unlawful means. When the trade unions organize industrial action it interferes with the employees’ performance of their contract, thus causing a breach of contract. In Taff Vale Railway...
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...Introductions The concept of industrial relations has a wide meaning. The expression industrial relations by itself means relationship that emerges out of day-to-day working and association of labour and management. But when taken in its wider sense, it includes ‘the relation between an employee and an employer in the course of running of an industry’. Actors in the IR system Three main parties are directly involved in industrial relations: Employers: Employers possess certain rights vis-à-vis labors. They have the right to hire and fire them. Management can also affect workers’ interests by exercising their right to relocate, close or merge the factory or to introduce technological changes. Employees: Workers seek to improve the terms and conditions of their employment. They exchange views with management and voice their grievances. They also want to share decision making powers of management. Workers generally unite to form unions against the management and get support from these unions. Government: The Government influences and regulates industrial relations through laws, rules, agreements, it also includes third parties and labor and tribunal courts. 1.2 Definition The Oxford Dictionary defines industrial relations (IR) as the "interaction between employers, employees, and the government; and the institutions and associations through which such interactions are mediated." Sometimes treated as the equivalent of labor relations, industrial relations considers the impact of these...
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...1. INTRODUCTION Industrial relations has become one of the most delicate and complex problems of modern industrial society. Industrial progress is impossible without cooperation of labours and harmonious relationships. Therefore, it is in the interest of all to create and maintain good relations between employees (labour) and employers (management). Concept of Industrial Relations: The term ‘Industrial Relations’ comprises of two terms: ‘Industry’ and ‘Relations’. “Industry” refers to “any productive activity in which an individual (or a group of individuals) is (are) engaged”. By “relations” we mean “the relationships that exist within the industry between the employer and his workmen.” The term industrial relations explain the relationship between employees and management which stem directly or indirectly from union-employer relationship. Industrial relations are the relationships between employees and employers within the organizational settings. The field of industrial relations looks at the relationship between management and workers, particularly groups of workers represented by a union. Industrial relations are basically the interactions between employers, employees and the government, and the institutions and associations through which such interactions are mediated. The term industrial relations have a broad as well as a narrow outlook. Originally, industrial relations were broadly defined to include the relationships...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Page: 3 Collective Bargaining and the Employer Page 3-4 The Employment Relationship Page 4-5 Trade Unions & Collective Bargaining Page 5-6 Conclusion Page 6-7 Bibliography Page 8 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS Collective bargaining is the most effective means of giving workers the right to representation in decisions affecting their working lives’ (Donovan, 1968: 54). Discuss Introduction: While Collective Bargaining is a Democratic right of all workers, recent trends have indicated a significant reduction in Trade Union membership. Such a trend is in contrast with recent management directives to integrate employee’s opinion at organisational level. This report attempts to define Collective Bargaining and the approaches undertaken by Employers to manage the area. The Employment Relationship is then studied with a particular emphasis on the structure and balance of power between the Employer and Employee’s. The contribution of the Trade Union movement to the Collective Bargaining issue is then discussed. This Report is then concluded with a definitive view on the role of Collective Bargaining on workers lives. Existing literature will be used to support arguments throughout this...
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...Industrial Relations Sidney and Beatrice Webb defined a trade union ‘as a continuous association of wage earners for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment.’ Introduction Trade unions have been described as ‘organisations of workers set up to improve the status, pay and conditions of employment of their members’, and associations of workers who by means of collective bargaining endeavour to improve their working conditions, and economic and social position.’ (Salamon, M, 1992, p.77) Employees in Ireland have a right under the Constitution to join a trade union. Trade unions can provide important sources of information and protection in relation to employment matters, as well as negotiating with employees for better pay and conditions. Employers are not legally obliged to negotiate with a union on behalf of an employee member, unless agreed, previously. This does not prevent, however, a dispute about trade union recognition from being a lawful dispute. The Irish Congress of Trade Unions (ICTU) is the umbrella organisation for trade unions, in Ireland. They represent a variety of employees’ interests, both in Ireland and Northern Ireland. ICTU also run a website which facilitates people in joining a union. It can be made a condition of employment, that the worker must join a certain union upon accepting a job offer and remain in that union while the employee is in that job. There is a view that this may be constitutional, but it has not...
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