...For the past few decades, gender equality is a constant and widespread problem in Canada, but Canadians are slowly seeing changes in many different aspects of society (class notes). Gender stratification is more often then not, bringing women obstacles to overcome in a goal of reaching higher in the social rankings (class notes). Gender unequally can be found in institutions, sports, workplaces, politics, arts and more (class notes). First of all, gender stratification or gender inequality refers to a social ranking that focuses on the differences between men and women’s life circumstances, social status and power (Brym, Robert, Roberts, Strohschein, & Lie, 2016, p.151). The problem with this is Canada is a patriarchal country, which means...
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...Introduction In my final paper I will be discussing the health inequality in the social stratification in Canada and how our socioeconomic status can affect our health to be good or poor. Our health is determined by society and what level of power, authority and accomplishment that people achieve in the social hierarchy. In my essay I will be addressing and comparing the health inequalities people in different scale in the social economic face when it comes to income, education, housing, transportation, employment and health service. These are just the few things that effect our ability of achieve good health. I will also explain how race and immigrants can also determines inequalities, when it comes to their health, especially people of color...
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...As time evolves, in accord with global advancement, one would expect the trend of inequality to decline. However, now in the 21st century, the opposite has happened with inequality continue to grow on multiple facets. Canadian cities are no different in this respect as recent studies have found these cities to be growing in inequality internally. Income inequality has been a prominent theme of this century with advocacy groups putting emphasis on closing the wage gap, while others attempt to lessen the discrimination faced by those who conflict with society’s sexual orientation standards. However, the most important inequality plaguing Canadian cities today is the nation’s systematic mistreatment of Indigenous people, perpetuated by historic...
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...One of the many issues around the world is poverty and inequality, and while it might not be evident in Canada and Toronto specifically, some people still suffer in lower income areas in the GTA. Many people as you may see are on the streets and as the weather gets colder, it becomes even more difficult for them. Part of the reason poverty is because many people in the lower class can’t afford rent or the taxes of their homes. In a recent study conducted, it showed the percentage of taxes that people with a certain income had to pay yearly. It showed that individuals receiving an income of less than $14,000 paid about 31% of their income in tax, while people making over $300,000 paid a slightly lower percentage. This doesn’t make any sense,...
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...CCPA R e v i e w E c o n o m i c & S o c i a l Tr e n d s September 2012 Income Inequality in Canada: How does Manitoba compare? Can we do better? The Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives has been documenting the rise in inequality in Canada since 2006. More recently, the Conference Board of Canada and the OECD have confirmed this trend. These organizations also report that inequality in Canada is now increasing faster than is the case in many other countries. In their highly acclaimed 2009 book The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better, Wilkinson and Pickett showed the impact of inequality on a variety of measures such as levels of crime, teenage pregnancies, life expectancy and educational achievement (to name a few). The study concluded that countries that are most equal do best. If Canada wants to measure up to more equal countries, the growing gap between rich and poor will need to be addressed. The federal government has the most important role to play in redressing the imbalance. CCPA and others have suggested how poverty and inequality can be tackled through improved policies and programs, and better redistribution of wealth through taxes and transfers at the federal level. But provincial governments also have a responsibility. A recent study in Ontario shows that province to be the most unequal. Our analysis looks at the trend in inequality across Canada with a focus on measuring progress in Manitoba for individuals earning market incomes...
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...learn more about the correlation between economic growth, income distribution and a flourishing society. In his paper on Economic Growth and Income Inequality, Gallo (2002) refers to the theory of the famous Political Economist Adam Smith who states that "no society can be flourishing and happy, of which the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable." (Gallo, 2002). He further explains that whenever there is a high inequality in income distribution, there is a decline in economic prosperity. This implies that countries should strive towards bringing equality of income among their population to ensure economic growth and the welfare of their nation. Income inequality however, is a fact of life and exists all over the world....
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...Introduction Canada boasts about being a multi-cultural mosaic, a land of opportunity, with a vision to build “a stronger Canada – a safe and secure country with a shared bond of citizenship and values; a country that continues to support our humanitarian tradition and draws the best from the world to help build a nation that is economically, socially and culturally prosperous” (Government of Canada, 2011). Yet a look at the income statistics for Canadian immigrants makes one wonder whom is prospering economically. Are Canadian immigrants given equal economic opportunity when they arrive here, or are they subject to economic inequality? To answer this question, one can first look at earnings statistics and reports from Statistics Canada. This information can provide basic earnings information on immigrants, which will show how much Canadian immigrants earn in comparison to their native Canadian counterparts. A few drawbacks of using this information are that the statistics haven’t been updated since 2006, so the numbers may not be completely accurate, and numbers alone do not tell the whole story. As such, peer reviewed research articles and papers on the subject of economic inequality in Canadian immigrants can be used. These articles and papers provide both qualitative and quantitative information that paints a clearer picture of the situation. However, many of these papers are usually biased towards writer’s point-of-view, so there may be a lack of complete information...
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...Saturday, February 16th- 2013 Topic: Porn Regulation in Canada BY: MUZZAMIL HUSSAIN I. Introduction: Pornography has been defined as any material that is sexually explicit but does not appear to be obscene and, which can be displayed through the Internet, adult movies, magazines and adult stores. Obscenity laws in Canada use the community standards models to determine which pornographic material are in accordance with societal morals, and which should be categorized as obscene. John Stuart Mill and the Harms of Pornography is an article written by David Dyzenhaus in 1992, professor of Law and Philosophy at the University of Toronto. In his article, he raises an interesting idea that liberalists and feminists would support the censorship of pornography (Dyzenhaus, 1992). The feminist viewpoint argues that pornography shows men forcing women into sex; therefore it should be censored because of the harm it causes against women. Dyzenhaus then hypothesizes that because pornography is portrayed as violent material, the classical liberalists such as John Stuart Mill would defend the feminists in censoring such behavior based on his harm principle. The article also raises gender inequality issues of contemporary society, one being the subordination of men to women. Three political philosophies are concerned with the law of obscenity: liberalism, conservatism and feminism. Conservative morality takes into consideration the elements of virtue or...
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...Question 1:__________________________________________________________________________ There are many key issues pressing on Canadians for a wide variety of reasons. One of the largest and most debated issues is the Canadian Healthcare system. The main concerns of both the government and the people are the extraordinary costs that are required by tax payers to maintain the system. Another concern is the long wait times required by patients due to the ease of access to healthcare. I have some suggestions to not only save money, but also to reduce wait times. My first suggestion is to increase the budget for homecare and senior care. Senior citizens make up a very large portion of healthcare patients. Increasing financial support of homecare could reduce the number of hospitalized seniors by providing in home support in the form of Personal Support Workers, Registered Practical Nurse’s, Registered Nurse’s and visiting doctors. The average cost of a hospitalization for one day is $7,000. By providing visiting nursing/ doctors we could reduce that cost to $25-$500 per day depending on the care needed. A second suggestion would be to introduce the very much debated 2-tier system (allowing private hospitals, in addition to the public hospitals currently in place). By introducing this system, all patients would...
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...for Equal Work commission, a gender wage gap persists (Canadian Women, 2017:1-4). According to Statistics Canada, the main causes of gender wage disparity since 2010 (Statistics Canada, 2017: 16) include the differences in hours actually worked (as 75% of those that work part-time are women), women’s greater responsibility for caregiving, women’s educational and career choices as a result of socialization, and discrimination, stereotypes and societal norms probably account for remaining and persistent 7% (Bredtmann & Otten, 2014: 303-304). This demonstrates the relevance of occupational segregation, as men are more likely than women to major in business or in STEM fields...
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...Whether observed through the perspective of the media or within a historical context, women at a national premise have a greater awareness in the struggle of gender equality and female identification. Feminism looks at how the social, economic and political structures affect and shape women at the individual level. Accordingly, feminist theories analyze the relationship between gender differences, gender inequality and oppression. The idea of ‘waves’ in Canadian Feminist movements have been both diverse and dynamic in the act of coalition to obtain specific goals and broader changes in society. At the beginning of the 20th century, industrialization and nation-building came attached with a gender ideology that prescribed the public/private division between male and females. In modern-day Canada, issues concerning equal rights in the public and private sphere of women have become more relevant to the female community. In contemporary Canada, the discussion of sex work and the ‘entertainment industry’ is a controversial subject to many women. The traditional view is expressed to view these workers as individuals who have chosen this path as ‘immoral criminals’ or ‘victims’ of aggression. There is not much sympathy for these women as they are degraded to be invisible within Canadian society. Given the blind eye, these sexual deviants have historically served as an representation to regulate women of the public sphere. However, it is necessary to make distinctions of the ‘hierarchy’...
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...statement, men are the perpetrator's in cases of violence the majority of the time (Mann, P&R, 2012, 51). Mann argues that government negligence and social inequality in Canada are major contributing factors to the invisibilization of violence against women. Mann is correct in explaining the process of the invisibilization of this issue, but we must examine this topic through another perspective. Invisibilizing an issue such as violence towards women reduces the importance of the subject through the eyes of the public. Raising awareness is supposed to reduce the issue federally. The government must focus on the perpetrators to see any substantial reduction of violence against women or...
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...This paper will explore the roles that gender and feminism plays alongside other determinants to affect the health status of Aboriginal Canadian women. Determinants of health refer to the circumstances in which people are born, live, grow, work, and age, that are responsible for most of the health inequalities that exist. Common determinants contributing to sub-par health status include: early child development, education, income, employment, social and physical environment, personal health practices and coping skills, access to health services, racism, and gender. These determinants work alongside Aboriginal-specific determinants like cultural identity, self-determination, and colonialism to create significant health discrepancies compared to non-Aboriginal Canadians. Aboriginal women are at an even greater disadvantage because of the role gender plays on top of the other determinants. The term gender refers to the socially constructed perceptions of feminine and masculine and is not to be confused with sex, which refers to the biological differences between men and women (Steckley and Letts 2010). While the two are different concepts, they are closely related and do influence each other because while biology may condition behaviour, it is in turn conditioned by the social environment (Halseth 2013). Health is also a social construct and issue, rather than simply a medical and technical problem associated with body parts and their functions. Because it is defined by and shaped...
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...Indian Identity and the Reservation: The Historical Legacy of Modern Canadian Racism and Inequality in the Indian Community and the Canadian Federal Government The issue of inequality in Canada is part of a historical racism towards the First Peoples through the various federal legal mandates created through (1) the status of indigenous identity and (2) land issues on the reservation. Historically, the formation of Indian reservations has been part of the displacement and/or removal of First Peoples due to the problem of “white Canada” policies in the 19th century. The creation of the Indian Act of 1876 provided a means in which the Canadian federal government forced indigenous tribes to settle on land that was appointed by the government....
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...Lesson 2: Does Canada’s diverse environment, its economy and its population distribution make it more or less difficult to govern? Canada is currently the second biggest country in the world only behind Russia. It is home to a variety of different ecosystems. Humans have long interacted with this land and, over the centuries, have scattered throughout the country and created a blossoming economy. The different opportunities given to Canadians by their diverse environment makes Canada far less difficult to govern than other countries. Job creation rates are either stable or on the rise and, while the population and economy may not be evenly dispersed, Canada continually ranks among the richest and happiest countries in the world. (LINK 2) First and foremost, it is important to know just how diverse Canada’s environment truly is. Although it would seem like it’s mostly a cold and arctic country, it is in fact composed of several different ecozones ranging from the arctic to the prairies. (Lesson 2, Slide 3) This, in turn, leads to a more diverse economy: there are different fields of work for different sectors of the country. People living along the coasts and around lakes tend to fish, while citizens living in the prairies are mostly in the agricultural industry. (Lesson 2, slide 13) Therefore, certain region with different natural resources will rake in the benefits from these resources and prosper. For example, since oil was discovered in Alberta in 1902, its economy has...
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