...Assessment 2: “Culture influences an individual’s perception of illness and health.” 1000 wrds There are many definitions for 'culture' with the anthropologist Sir Edward Tylor (1871) cited by Ravalico (2006) defining it to mean 'that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by a member of society.' Culture also influences how one perceives their health and the idea of what it means to have ‘good health.’ One community group whose culture strongly impacts on individual’s perception of illness and health is the Australian Aboriginal community. Aboriginal Australians have a shorter life expectancy than others (ABS 2008, Shaouli et al 2011) which threatens Aboriginal culture as ‘elders’are the transmitters of Aboriginal culture. Aboriginal people experience worse health and more disease with the latter being three times more than that for the total Australian population (NATSIS 2008 cited by ABS 2008). Culture is one of the many social determinants of health and affects health (Carson, Dunbar, Chenhall and Bailie, 2007). Some indigenous people are fatalistic about their health (Thackrah and Scott 2011) although most can access medical help when needed providing they trusted their medical practitioners (ABS 2008, DATSIPD 2009). Other obstacles include language, lack of public transport and telecommunications (Shaouli et al 2011). Therefore, the impact of culture on individuals’ health is crucial to...
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...Chapter 1 – Media’s Perception of Terrorism and Influence over the Audience By principle, the media should be impartial, unbiased and independent while illustrating their duties. The main aim and task of the media is to give accurate information to the public which should be based on the truth. During times of war the western media has become a place where the opinion of the audience at home is of vital importance to the success and failure of the war being fought against terrorism. In today’s time, the media is the main means of expression through which people receive information on terrorism or any other conflict, which then enlighten us about the unfolding events. Since the western media undisputedly is the most powerful, it has the means to present government actions in a supportive way, expose atrocities on either side and raise issues to the public which assist their governmental agenda. Here the question that comes to mind is whether the western media portrays terrorism, Muslims and Arabs in an accurate aspect. The western media uses certain techniques to depict terrorists in their own view which have had disastrous effects on Arabs as well as Americans all over the world. It is very unfortunate that despite all the recent terrorist attacks, weather they were significant or minor, the media still has not come up with a definitive definition of “terrorism” and “who is a terrorist”. The main issue with western media reporting on terrorism is their flaw of having discrepancies...
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...The world is always changing, which brings about changes in data and theories. Some people overlook changes in concepts due to their personal fixed perceptions. They’re positive that their credence is precise. Many people have the tendency to believe that their perceptions of human nature and the world are correct, regardless of if the data present contradicts their understanding (example of Belief Perseverance). People’s beliefs are often influenced by those surrounding them, their past experiences (implicit and explicit memories) and their observations. However, everything is not always as it seems, so it’s skeptical to follow the phrase “seeing is believing” (example of Naïve Realism). Naïve Realism and Belief Perseverance are two of many factors that contributes to the notion Confirmation bias. This is when people attempt to prove their theories to be correct, they only present evidence that supports and justifies their beliefs. People like such portray overconfidence, and make an effort to convince others that what they know is correct. These individuals are under the impression that what they’ve known previously is a fixed concept, when in reality; any concepts that they’ve come to learn of can be refuted with new data and observations. People can’t always use their...
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...INTRODUCTION Restiveness among youths globally and those in Nigeria has become a behaviour pattern which has degenerated into a topical global issue. Youth restiveness portrays man’s negative side of social development. This negative development is rather unfortunate and has become one of the many security challenges facing man in the contemporary society. In many occasions, lives and properties worth millions of naira have been lost or vandalized and some razed down by restive youths. As observed by Chukwuemeka and Agbara (2010), human society and in fact the entire universe is simply and squarely a complex entity. In view of this, individuals and groups have their complexities, needs, aspirations, hopes, goals, opinions, views and values which could be social, economic, religious, psychological or political. Consequently, there is bound to be restiveness among different groups of people especially youths who are at their prime age. The term youth has been variously defined. Ndu (2000) and Yusuf (2001) saw youths as neither adolescents nor children characterized by excessive energy that needs to be exerted, which if not guarded, is channeled into negative tendencies. The United Nations General Assembly and World Bank cited in Adewuyi (2008) defined the youth as people between ages 15 to 24 years. In Nigeria, the people within the age limit of 30 years are considered as youths hence they are allowed to participate in the National Youth Service Scheme (NYSC). For this paper...
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...6) How did two major conflicts, the Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) and the Russo-Japanese War a decade later, influence Western perceptions of Japan and Asia? The Sino-Japanese War from 1894-1895 and the Russo-Japanese War a decade later were monumental events in the history of Asia and its ripples were felt in the Western world. In the Sino-Japanese War, the Western world witnessed the fruits of Meiji Japan’s modernization program, its modern military, routed the Chinese hitherto the dominant Asian power. Japan’s victory defeat of Russia became a significant milestone in modern history, marking the first major modern conflict where an Asian nation had defeated an European power. As such, this study seeks to present in detail the changes in Western perception towards Japan, as it became a modern military power and its image of the Asian people in the aftermath of both events. Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) The outcome of the Sino-Japanese War meant that Japan had successfully displaced Qing China as the dominant power in East Asia, marking a remarkable shift from millennia old power arrangements in the region centered on China. This turn of events did not escape Western observations and led to Japan being recognized as the dominant Asian power. According to the historian Sarah Paine, ‘Before the war, the most widespread Western image of Japan was undoubtedly provided by William S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan, the famous operetta duo. The year 1885 marked the premiere of what...
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... | |Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory | |[pic] | |Issues dealing with prejudice, discrimination, attitudes, attitude change, person perception, self, social influence, helping behavior, | |empirical methods, parenting styles commentary, competition | | | |Lord of the Rings | |[pic] | |Issues dealing with attitudes, violence, deception, compliance, obedience, person perception, self, altruism, interpersonal attraction, | |personal relationships, helping behavior, aggression | | | |Chocolat ...
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...Sociology 1 Castelli Due Tuesday, Feb. 9 Overview In addition to entertaining us, movies offer detailed portrayals of human social behavior. Your task in this assignment is to analyze -- from a social-psychological perspective -- the behaviors and events depicted in one of the films listed below. You are not being asked to critique the film in terms of its value as a work of art or as entertainment. Rather, you should think carefully about the human actions and events portrayed in the film. Assignment Choose one of the films listed below. Most should be available at any video rental store. View the film you choose at least once. (Two viewings may offer an advantage). Then, after reviewing your notes and readings, identify 2 different social-psychological principles that appear to be operating in the events or individuals depicted in the film . For each principle that you identify: (a) Provide a clip to show in class. You may assume that we will have internet access, or you can bring in a DVD (or even a VHS tape), or you may create the entire presentation on DVD to show in class. (b) describe in detail the social-psychological principle you believe is relevant. Your job here is to demonstrate that you understand the principle or theory, and that you can describe it in your own words. You don’t need to do library research for this – using your text or your lecture notes as resources is fine. You need you to show us that you have a good understanding of the concept/principle...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the topic In the early 1990s, the market of luxury goods had been increasing in sales. The Boston Consulting Group estimated in the year 2005 worldwide luxury product sales would be $ 840 billion (Truong, Simmons, McColl, & Kitchen, 2008). The reasons for increasing sales were the recovery of thw economy and quality and productivity were improving (Truong et al., 2008). From a few years ago up to now many countries in Europe have been affected by the economic crisis, the U.S. had a recession, and Asia (Japan) had an earthquake (Max Colchester, Wall Street Journal, July 29, 2011),(Melendez, 2011) Because of these problems luxury brand products should have been affected an lost sales in the world market. However, LVMH reported a 20% sales increase from the last quarter of the year, Gucci increased 22% in sales reported last week (Christina, 2012). This is the opposite of what we would have expected. The increase in sales of global luxury brand in the market shows the trend of current consumers which are younger than the older consumers of the past (Twitchell, 2002). More and more people buy luxury brands, not just working people but also students. 1.1.1 Asian demand for luxury product The Asia market has a high potential for growth and strong demand (Colchester, 2011).This is because the economy in Asia is good and has been getting better and better for many years. China, economic growth rate in 2011 was 9.2%,...
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...Studies included in this section examined individuals’ reactions to the announcements of change. Giangreco and Peccei (2005) and Oreg (2006) reported that individuals’ concerns and perceptions of both the personal and organizational implications and outcomes of the change guide their reactions to the change. Chreim (2006) found that individuals’ reactions were also influenced by whether or not they believe they had the skills and competencies to be effective in their new roles. Potential threats and benefits of change. In the Giangreco and Peccei (2005) study of an Italian electric company, the researchers surveyed 359 mid-levelmanagers to examine the influence of individuals’ perceptions of the benefits of change on attitudes towards change, and ultimately on their level of resistance to change. They reported that individuals’ perceptions of the actual content and the outcomes of a change initiative and the extent they will personally gain or lose as a result of the change are strong predictorsStudies included in this section examined individuals’ reactions to the announcements of change. Giangreco and Peccei (2005) and Oreg (2006) reported that individuals’ concerns and perceptions of both the personal and organizational implications and outcomes of the change guide their reactions to the change. Chreim (2006) found that individuals’ reactions were also influenced by whether or not they believe they had the skills and competencies to be effective in their new...
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...Perception is our sensory experience of the world around us and involves both the recognition of environmental stimuli and action in response to these stimuli. Through the perceptual process, we gain information about properties and elements of the environment that are critical to our survival. A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception These factors can reside: i) In the perceiver ii) In the Object or target being perceived or iii) In the context of the situation in which the perception is made. 1. Characteristics of the Perceiver: Several characteristics of the perceiver can affect perception. When an individual looks at a target and attempts to interpret what he or she stands for, that interpretation is heavily influenced by personal characteristics of the individual perceiver. The major characteristics of the perceiver influencing perception are: a) Attitudes: The perciver's attitudes affect perception. For example, Mr. X is interviewing candidates for a very important position in his organization - a position that requires negotiating contracts with suppliers, most of whom are male. Mr. X may feel that women are not capable of holding their own in tough negotiations. This attitude with doubtless affect his perceptions of the female candidates he interviews. b) Moods: Moods can have a strong influence on the way we perceive someone. We think differently when we are happy than we do when we are depressed. In addition, we remember information...
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...by the common perceptions about victims. From there, the researchers began to focus on specific aspects of the study they were to conduct. The first aspect of this study is the influence that literature and other outside forces can have on an individual's perception of another in general, not just in the situation of a correctional officer and an inmate. The second facet studied was more focused on the perception of a correctional officer when faced with the issue of responding to a sexual assault situation within a correctional facility. The influences of literature on the general population and the perceptions of correctional officers documented in prior studies are the two aspects that are measured and reported throughout the current study as...
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...performance appraisals and interviewers’ judgement are frequently inaccurate.” Perception involves interpreting the messages of our senses to provide a personal understanding and meaning to the environment. One of the major perceptions that influence organizational behaviour deals with the perceptions that employers or managers have of their staff or potential staff. When dealing with perception, there are three components to take into consideration; a perceiver, a target that is being perceived and a situational factor which allows the perception process to occur. Perception is heavily influenced by the perceivers’ personal experiences, emotions, motives and basic understanding of behaviour. In this situation, the perceiver will be the employer and his judgement on any particular employee can often be very inaccurate due to the personal influences which allow him to formulate a particular conclusion. A perceiver’s past experiences and observations of people who he frequently interact with, would have embedded certain expectations within his subconscious and cloud current perceptions about new or existing employees. The employer’s motivational and emotional state during the appraisal or interview process can place major biases on his decision as these states often influence our interpretation and perception of target or situation that involves the target, such as an interview. The target in the perception process has a lot to do with the final judgement of a perceiver. Biases such...
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...THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS ON THE WORK OF THE INTERNAL HUMAN RESOURCE PROFESSIONAL by Julie A. Paleen Aronow A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Master of Science Degree in Training and Development Approved: 4 Semester Credits Dr. Kat Lui The Graduate College University of Wisconsin – Stout May, 2004 ii The Graduate School University of Wisconsin – Stout Menomonie, WI 54751 ABSTRACT Aronow Julie Ann Paleen ________________________________________________________________________ (Last Name) (First) (Middle) THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS ON THE WORK OF THE INTERNAL HUMAN RESOURCE PROFESSIONAL ________________________________________________________________________ (Title) Training and Development Dr. Kat Lui May 2004 65 ________________________________________________________________________ (Graduate Major) (Research Advisor) (Month/Year) (No. of Pages) American Psychological Association, 5th Edition ________________________________________________________________________ (Name of Style Manual Used in this Study) The coveted epicenter for the contemporary human resource professional is partnering with other internal business leaders to fulfill the organization’s mission through sound and ethical business principles and human resource practices. Over three decades, the discipline has matured into one that includes transactional practices along side the more sophisticated organizational development...
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...Volume 9 Number 2 2010 Influence of Word of Mouth Communication Towards Indonesian Online Shopper Purchase Intention Mustika Sufiati Purwanegara School of Business and Management Institut Teknologi Bandung Eka Yuliana Master of Science in Management, School of Business and Management Institut Teknologi Bandung Abstract Word-of-mouth (WOM) gives the consumer perceptions to engage in retail online shopping can include both utilitarian and hedonic shopping dimensions. To cater to these consumers, online retailers can create a cognitively and esthetically rich shopping environment, through sophisticated levels of communication, as the personal influence, online community, and also by sharing they experience. Since the effect of word of mouth communications on marketing and has proven to stimulate online consumer's perceptions, 374 person of House of Taaj Facebookers in all over Indonesia, in which 280 female (75%) and 94 male (25%) has expressed their perceptions toward online purchase intention, and word of mouth. This research presumes that word of mouth from another online consumers, share information and features can influence online shopping intention and entice them to modify or even transform their original shopping predispositions by providing them with attractive and enhanced interactive features and controls of buying. To achieve the research objectives and the test hypotheses, factor analysis, and linear regression are used to analyze the significant level of each variable...
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... An empirical comparison of non-Big 4 and Big 4 auditors’ perceptions of auditor independence Non-Big 4 and Big 4 auditors’ perceptions 917 Philip Law Department of Accounting, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau Abstract Purpose – Perceived independence is one of the corner-stones in auditing theory. Despite prior research on auditor independence, the results are inconclusive. The lack of research in the Hong Kong ´ˆ auditing environment motivates this study, particularly following the Enron debacle. The purpose of this paper is to examine the non-audit services (NASs), competition, rank and types of auditors, in respect of the independence problem as it relates to the practices of Hong Kong auditors in the post-Enron environment. Design/methodology/approach – Four independent variables identified from literature gaps are examined, namely NASs, levels of competition, auditors of different ranks and types of auditors. Mixed ANOVA are employed to analyze survey responses from 207 “Big 4” and 185 “non-Big 4” auditors. Findings – Results of the study show that the provisions of NASs and high competition could have a negative influence on auditors’ perceptions of independence. Second, auditors’ perceptions that the influence of NASs on independence depends on an individual auditor’s rank are supported. Senior managers have the highest mean rating on perceptions, while partners have the lowest mean rating. Results support...
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