...Informal Networks Paper BSHS - 402 April 25, 2011 Informal Networks Paper Being developmentally disabled is not taboo as it was in the past. Unless the disability is really noticeable (physical) you would not know that a person has a disability. Not long ago when a person was classified with a developmental disability they may have been placed in a group home of institutionalized according to their disability. Since then, time has changed drastically and persons are able to get treated within the comfort of their own living quarters. From adults to children facilities have come forward with alternative living for those that had little hope of functionally normal in society. More informal settings have come forward and have placed themselves in communities for ease of access. Thanks to government funding to non-profit organizations, communities are able to assist those that need assistance, by providing them services that may only be offered at the hospital level. Name at least four informal networks for clients, and the pros and cons of each One of the biggest informal network organizations that are provided in an informal setting is the Respite services program. A respite service provides an array of informal networks that assist those with a developmental disability. This program administers funds to public and private organizations to help establish model facilities for him/her with disabilities. Social Services will examine the needs; refer clients appropriately...
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...-1- WHAT IS HIDDEN, IN THE HIDDEN ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN? SIZE, CAUSES, ISSUES AND IMPLICATIONS Ahmed Gulzar Novaira Junaid Adnan Haider Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan National Transport Research Centre (NTRC), Ministry of Communications Beaconhouse National University (BNU), Lahore, Pakistan State Bank of Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan Abstract There is a worldwide contemporary debate about the role of the hidden economy in achieving the goal of sustained and inclusive economic growth and development, especially in the context of its spillover effects on the formal economy. For this purpose, policy makers and academicians have made concerted efforts to estimate the size of the hidden economy and to analyze its causes, issues and implications on key macroeconomic variables. However, there is a consensus among the policy makers that a better macroeconomic policy formulation and its true implementation are subject to the proper management of the associated issues of the hidden economy with suitable policy measures. In Pakistan, it is generally assumed that the hidden economy contributes about 30% to 50% to the overall GDP. The purpose of this paper is to estimate more precisely the size of the hidden economy with the determination of its potential causes and implications. Five statistical and structural modeling approaches namely; simple monetary approach, modified monetary approach using dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS)...
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...individual experiences. In this article, teens' narratives provide insight into processes and contexts of family caregiving they received during their pregnancies as one type of resource they relied on to work toward a new and positive identity. Consistent with scholarship on identity construction, teenagers described their relationships with others as critical to this development, and attention to the processes of caregiving illuminates this connection. The stigmatized status of teen pregnancy, when viewed as a master narrative (such as that articulated by Maxine above), renders teenagers' own narratives a counter story that facilitates narrative repair. Analysis of teenagers' narratives illuminates how processes of identity transformation connect one to the care of others, empowering individuals to resist threats to a positive sense of self or a damaged identity (Nelson, 2001). In their narratives, teenagers describe largely negative initial reactions to their pregnancies, both their own and those of the individuals closest to them. These negative reactions provide the initial context for identity change and are emphasized through themes of loss and struggle. Despite these initial reactions that cause disruptions to their lives and identities...
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...and preparing them for greater responsibilities in the future. In this paper, we are going to discuss the following aspects of management development: * Definition of management development * Its aims * The main management development Process * Methods or Approaches to management development * The responsibility for management development * The benefits and challenges * Application with an emphasis of typical practice in an organization 1.0 DEFINITION: Management development is the process by which managers learn and improve their management skills for accomplishing their jobs and management skills. It’s a structured process by which managers enhance their skills, competencies and knowledge through formal or informal training in order to benefit both the individual and the organization. The development of managers helps to sustain their performance at the highest levels. “Development management is concerned with improving the performance of managers in their present roles and preparing them to take on greater responsibilities in the future..”, (Armstrong, M. 2009) “Mumford and Gold, (2004) describe management development as an attempt to improve managerial effectiveness through a learning process”. It may also be termed as the Aspect of organizational development that covers recruitment and assessment of executive level employees and training them in leadership to equip them for higher positions. This process normally includes development of cognitive...
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...a number of reforms prescribed by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank under the Economic Recovery Programme (ERP) and the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP). Tax reforms constituted one of the essential ingredients of SAP. The tax reform process has assumed diverse dimensions over the pass two and half decades. One of those tax reforms was the Value Added Tax scheme (VATs). The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the VATs on revenue mobilisation in Ghana using tax buoyancy ratios. This study is a contribution to the ongoing debate over the appropriate mechanisms for expanding the tax base in developing countries. It explains the difficulties faced in constructing a culture of compliance especially among informal or partially formal. The study used ordinary least regression and...
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...today’s competitive organizations. There are four primary typed of teams: Problem-Solving Teams, Work Groups, Quality Teams and Virtual Teams. (Uhlig, 2008) In this paper I will describe these different teams, what they are like, and how they work to reach goals. Teams are created within organizations to bring together their top employees that have the skills and knowledge to reach that organization’s specific goals. There are several types of teams used by organizations. Each one is unique in how they work and each one shows how employees working together are more productive than when they work alone to reach certain goals. (Uhlig, 2008) Within an organization that uses teams to reach their goals, there will be formal and informal team structures. Formal teams are structured, have a specific purpose, and are named department, division, or team within an organization. These teams can be temporary or on-going within the organization. (Schemerhorn, Osborn, Uhl-Bien, & Hunt, 2012) Formal teams work based on a hierarchical structure. This means that there is a manager and employees. Organizations that want to lessen the emphasis of hierarchy may change the manager’s title to lead or coach. The employees may be called associates or simply team members. (Rao, 2009) This would be done to make the team feel more together (as one) and maybe even more relaxed while they work out how they are going to interact with one another. Of the four primary...
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...Hello, good morning everybody, I am Jason, I am very glad to analysis the survival strategies at work for you. To explore how employees survive the alienating tendencies at work by developing various coping strategies. In the analysis that follows, we are seeking to access the domain of the informal activities in work that normally hidden from the gaze of the outsider. It is the domain where the subjective experiences of individuals are collectively constructed and reconstructed to create shared understandings and develop norms that guide and pattern behavior. Now the analysis begins with a discussion of the extent to which work produces conditions of alienation for employees. This is followed by an examination of the way that employees may counter alienating tendencies through various creative strategies. And there are five survival strategies are explored: making out, fiddling, joking, sabotaging and escaping. Alienation Let’s start with alienation—it is freely used in the media and arises in everybody conversation. Here we have restricted the discussion to outlining two different perspectives on alienation. The first views alienation as an objective state, and builds on concepts originally defined by Karl Marx, while the second introduces elements of subjectivity into the analysis of alienation, and terms from a study by Robert Blauner. Alienation as an objective state Marx argues that alienation is an intrinsic part of the capitalist labour process, and the...
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...Anxiety Scores of Informal Caregivers Theresa A. Patterson Mount Aloysius College Abstract Informal caregivers, or family members who provide care to their physically or cognitively impaired relatives, are leading providers of services to elderly individuals. However, caregivers frequently experience symptoms of depression, stress and anxiety. Also, caregivers may suffer from physical or psychological distress as a result of these symptoms. The author examined the effects of depression, stress and anxiety and suggested an assessment instrument to gauge levels of anxiety. In addition, strengths and limitations of this approach were delineated. The author hypothesized that caregivers would exhibit higher anxiety scores than non-caregivers. This hypothesis was tested by comparing a group of informal caregivers to a group of non-caregivers. Furthermore, recommendations for reduction of stress and anxiety symptoms were made. Anxiety Scores of Informal Caregivers Family members of elderly, impaired individuals in the United States provide the majority of necessary daily care for their relatives (Sheehan & Nuttall, 1988). These caregivers may be described as informal: individuals who provide unpaid care to a friend or family member out of love and respect for the impaired person (George & Gwyther, 1986). Unfortunately, many caregivers reported significant stress, depression and anxiety (Sheehan & Nuttall, 1988). Research demonstrated a correlation...
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...survivors of domestic violence (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV). The differences between their informal and formal social networks will be defined and closely examined, as well as how each network impacts the lives of the survivors. The uses of both their formal and informal networks, and the reasons for which the networks are used will be examined. The topic of isolation by the partner of the survivor will be explored. Finally, the topic of measures that could be changed within communities that could possibly assist survivors and their respective networks overcome obstacles will be explored. Clearly, domestic violence and intimate partner violence, that is physical, psychological,...
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...Analysis and Synthesis of Chronic Heart Failure Research Studie Analysis and Synthesis of Chronic Heart Failure Research Studies Background Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a disease characterized by high mortality, readmission rates and a marked decrease in health-related quality of life. Psychological distress is common in patients with CHF and different psychological variables may have an impact on the prognosis in chronic heart failure patients. Chronic heart failure patients also need to be involved in their plan of health care in order to be able to manage their own disease at home. However, patients’ perspective on the role of their informal carers regarding information management process revealed how much they depend on their knowledge and support. The studies that I have chosen to compare and contrast in this paper will shed light onto both of these subjects in regard to chronic heart failure patients as well as inform about the various studies that pinpoint relevant data in regards to CHF. These studies are important because they help medical professionals in regard to providing the highest level of care to their CHF patients. Quantitative Research Study Introduction For the quantitative research study in this analysis, I examined the journal article entitled Predictors of readmission and health related quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure: a comparison of different psychosocial aspects. This research study’s purpose was to “investigate...
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...TAI SOLARIN UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION P.O.BOX 2118, IJAGUN, IJEBU-ODE, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA DEPARTMENT: GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY LEVEL: 400 COLLEGE: COAEVOT COURSE CODE: GCP 421 COURSE TITLE: BEHAVIOURS IN ORGANIZATION QUESTION: GROUP DYNAMICS GROUP 6 NAMES: MATRIC NO: COMB: 1. FIFONYINKEN SERAH ANU 20120104022 GCP/YOR 2. ABDULQADIR SHUKRAH ADEFOLAKE 20120104049 GCP/ISS 3. MEDAHUNSI ELIZABETH I. 20120104023 GCP/YOR 4. AJIBUWA ROSEMARY ADERONKE 20120104033 GCP/CRS LECTURER-IN-CH ARGE DR. ONABAMIRO A. A WHAT IS A GROUP A group is defined as two or more individuals who are connected to one another by social relationships. Every organization is a group unto itself. A group refers to two or more people who share a common meaning and evaluation of themselves and come together to achieve common goals. In other words, a group is a collection of people who interact with one another; accept rights and obligations as members and who share a common identity. MEANING OF GROUP DYNAMICS The word dynamics means ‘force’. Group dynamics means the study of forces within a group. Since human beings have an innate desire for belonging to a group, group dynamism is bound to occur. In an organization or in a society, we can see groups, small or large, working for the well-being. The social process by which people interact with each other in small groups can be called group dynamism. A group has certain common objectives and goals and...
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...*RETHINKING THE INFORMAL ECONOMY IN *THE * *NEO-LIBERALIST PHASE TABLE OF CONTENTS *RETHINKING THE INFORMAL *ECONOMY IN THE * *NEO-LIBERALIST PHASE Introduction : The labour markets in developing countries is markedly different from that in the developed countries. The most striking feature of labour markets in the developing countries is its non-homogeneous character. The status of the vast majority of workers in the developed countries is of wage and salary earners. Whereas in the developing countries there is a predominance of self-employment. This non-homogeneous character of labour markets in developing countries also implies that the nature of employment and the manner in which it is created is different in the two world’s. In the developing countries the vast majority of the population is left to fend for itself and create employment out of its own ingenuity, skills and capital. This leads to vast differences in the nature of employment and the creation of dualistic structure of ‘formal’and ‘informal’ components of the labour market. A large proportion of the workforce is in the unorganised or informal sector. These workers are engaged in economic activities with lower productivity resulting in lower incomes. They are also engaged in activities with less stable employment contracts (including the self-employed) and fewer social security benefits. While the wages and salaries of the formal sector workers are periodically revised to counter inflation...
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...BISE – RESEARCH PAPER Analysis of Informal Communication Networks – A Case Study It is becoming more and more important for knowledge workers to increase their productivity. However, there is a general lack of (semi-)automated, IT-supported data collection and evaluation approaches that allow insights into the processes and structures of an enterprise’s internal networks and the activities of its knowledge workers. The article presents a prototype of an IT-supported instrument (“Social Badges”) that supports automatic collection of informal, personal interaction between (knowledge) workers within an enterprise. The authors’ aim is to introduce a novel approach which improves data quality over legacy methods. The approach uses Social Network Analysis (SNA) to make it easier for executives to analyze and manage informal communications networks. Its practical applicability is demonstrated by a case study. DOI 10.1007/s12599-008-0018-z The Authors Dr. Kai Fischbach Prof. Dr. Detlef Schoder Seminar for Business Informatics and Information Management University of Cologne Pohligstr. 1 50969 Cologne Germany {fischbach | schoder}@ wim.uni-koeln.de 1 Introduction If the formal organization is the skeleton of a company, the informal is the central nervous system driving the collective thought processes, actions, and reactions of its business units. (Krackhardt and Hanson 1993, p. 104) Both the volume and importance of knowledge workers are growing as industrialized countries...
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...Paolo Virgil G. Mariano BLOCK EN Ian Steven Corsame Homework in ENLRES “Educational Outcomes of Tutoring: A Meta-Analysis of Findings” A meta-analysis of findings from 65 independent evaluations of school tutoring programs showed that these programs have positive effects on the academic performance and attitudes of those who receive tutoring. Tutored students outperformed control students on examinations, and they also developed positive attitudes toward the subject matter covered in the tutorial programs. The meta-analysis also showed that tutoring programs have positive effects on children who serve as tutors. Like the children they helped, the tutors gained a better understanding of and developed more positive attitudes toward the subject matter covered in the tutorial program. Participation in tutoring programs had little or no effect, however, on the self-esteem of tutors and tutees. The tutoring programs offered in many elementary and secondary schools today differ in an important way from yesterday's tutorial programs. In most modern programs, children are tutored by peers or paraprofessionals rather than by regular school teachers or professional tutors. The use of peer and paraprofessional tutors has dramatically affected the availability of tutoring programs. No longer a luxury available only to aristocratic elites, tutoring programs today are open to boys and girls in ordinary classrooms throughout the country. Hundreds of teachers and researchers already...
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...Joseph Bukowski Core 222 Professor Shaul Somalia-Country Analysis Introduction Somalia, formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic during a Socialst rule, has no central government and is characterized as a failed state. Located in the horn of Africa, Somalia has the largest coastline on the continent and was under British rule until 1960. Mohamed Siad Barre took control of Somalia during this transition and his empire reigned until the Somali Civil War in 1991. Since the civil war, most of Somali has been without a central governing body and has been subject to harsh and violent conditions. There has been attempts to establish a government however the regions of Puntland and self-declared Somaliland have been self-governing. These bodies are unrecognized internationally although Somaliland declares itself to be autonomous. Without a stable government, civic disputes have been settled at the local scene. The Transitional Federal Government has became an interim government and its mandate will expire in 2012 (1). At that time, Somalia hopes to have national elections and work towards developing a central authority. Economy Without a central government, Somalia is forced to maintain a formal economy mainly consisting of livestock, telecommunications, and money transfer companies. This informal economy has remained fairly healthy as domestic agriculture has contributed a major portion of the country's gross domestic product. Almost half of Somalia's exports...
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