Free Essay

Information Literacy

In:

Submitted By yazril
Words 3295
Pages 14
Kajian Kemahiran Literasi Maklumat Dikalangan Pengguna Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia

Yazid Ibrahim
Pustakawan
Pusat Maklumat Malaysiana
Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia

ABSTRAK

Kejayaan mengekpolitasi maklumat telah menyaksikan banyak negara-negara maju berjaya mewujudkan masyarakat bermaklumat yang menjadi asas kepada ekonomi berasaskan pengetahuan dengan menggunakan maklumat untuk menjana pendapatan tinggi dan memajukan ekonomi negara. Negara-negara ini juga berjaya mewujudkan masyarakat yang bijak menggunakan maklumat untuk tujuan pembelajaran sepanjang hayat. Literasi maklumat adalah elemen penting didalam mewujudkan masyarakat bermaklumat dan pembelajaran sepanjang hayat. Kajian ii adalah bertujuan untuk menilai tahap kemahiran literasi maklumat dikalangan pengguna Pepustakaan Negara Malaysia (PNM) bagi membantu PNM mewujudkan program literasi maklumat yang baik dan berkesan. Di Malaysia, perpustakaan awam masih lagi kurang memainkan peranan untuk mendidik kemahiran literasi maklumat di kalangan penggunanya.

Kata kunci: kemahiran maklumat, perpustakaan awam, pembelajaran sepanajang hayat

Latar Belakang

Malaysia sedang menuju ke arah negara maju dari segala aspek terutama dari aspek perkembangan teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi (ICT). Perkembangan ini secara tidak langsung menuntut rakyat Malaysia mengguna dan mengekploitasi maklumat secara optimum untuk menjana pendapatan dan untuk menjadikan rakyat negara kita sebagai masyarakat bermaklumat yang sentiasa menghasilkan maklumat berkualiti, patuh kepada etika penggunaan maklumat dan mempunyai kefasihan yang tinggi dalam penggunaan ICT.

Oleh itu, pustakawan perpustakaan awam harus sedar akan peranan mereka untuk mendidik pengguna perpustakaan dengan ilmu literasi maklumat supaya mereka boleh kenalpasti, guna, nilai dan mematuhi etika penggunaan maklumat dengan betul

Definisi Literasi Maklumat
Pelbagai istilah literasi maklumat yang terdapat didalam pelbagai sumber maklumat. Definisi literasi maklumat yang paling popular dipetik daripada American Library Association (ALA). ALA mentakrifkan bahawa orang celik maklumat seharusnya dapat: i. Mengetahui keperluan maklumat ii. Mengenalpasti maklumat yang berkaitan dengan sesuatu isi atau masalah iii. Berkebolehan mencari maklumat iv. Menilai maklumat v. Menyusun maklumat vi. Menggunakan maklumat secara berkesan. (ALA, 2008)

Dalam konteks yang lebih besar, American College and Research Libraries (ACRL), mentakrifkan orang yang celik maklumat mempunyai cirri-ciri berikut:

i. Mengenalpasti keperluan maklumat ii. Menentukan sejauh mana maklumat yang diperlukan iii. Mengakses maklumat dengan cekap iv. Menilai sumber-sumber maklumat secara kritikal v. menyusun, menyimpan, dan memanipulasi maklumat yang dikumpul atau dihasilkan vi. Menggabungkan maklumat terpilih dengan asas pengetahuan mereka. vii. Menggunakan maklumat dengan berkesan untuk belajar, mewujudkan pengetahuan baru, menyelesaikan masalah dan membuat keputusan (ACRL, 2000)

Peranan Perpustakaan Awam
Ulasan Kesusateraan
Literasi maklumat didefinisikan sebagai kemampuan untuk mengenalpasti, mencari, mengguna, menilai dan mematuhi etika penggunaan maklumat (ALA, 2001) dan pembangunan pesat dalam teknologi maklumat telah mengubah manusia dalam mengekploitasi dan menggunakan maklumat dan ini menjadikan literasi maklumat sebagai kompetensi yang penting didalam era ekonomi berasaskan pengetahuan (Jingxia, 2002). Oleh itu, perpustakaan awam harus berubah daripada peranan sebagai pusat repositori maklumat kepada pemangkin perkongsian maklumat dan membuka peluang kepada masyarakat untuk belajar mencari maklumat (Goodman, 2009). Perpustakaan awam adaah organisasi yang menyokong pembelajaran sepanjang hayat dan berkeupayaan untuk merapatkan jurang antara kurang maklumat dan kaya maklumat dengan menawarkan akses internet percuma dan menawarkan latihan untuk memperbaiki kemahiran literasi maklumat (Horng-Ji Lai, 2011). Hal ini disokong oleh John, 2011 yang menyatakan bahawa perpustakaan awam adalah tempat ideal dan berkemampuan untuk mengurus perkembangan maklumat yang sentiasa bertambah dan membantu pengguna untuk belajar mencari, mengguna dan menilai maklumat. Perpustakaan awam juga memainkan peranan penting dalam merapatkan jurang digital antara mereka yang mempunyai akses internet dan mereka yang tidak memilik akses internet. Masyarakat yang kurang kebolehan untuk mencari, menilai dan menggunakan maklumat secara efektif akan ketinggalan dalam aspek pekerjaan, pembelajaran sepanjang hayat, kualiti hidup dan akses kepada maklumat asas (Andy, 2006)

Pihak kerajaan di seluruh dunia telah mengiktiraf peranan perpustakaan awam dalam membangunkan kemahiran literasi maklumat dikalangan rakyatnya. Di Malaysia melaui Perpustakaan negara Malaysia telah berjaya membangunkan garis panduan literasi maklumat pada tahun 2011 yang bertujuan untuk memberi kesedaran kepentingan literasi maklumat dikalangan rakyat Malaysia. Di Kanada, pihak kerajaan telah mengenalpasti perpustakaan awam sebagai organisasi yang ideal untuk menjalankan program akses komuniti (Community Access Programs) iaitu satu inisiatif yang bertujuan untuk memberikan akses internet yang berpatutan dan kemahiran yang mereka perlukan untuk menggunakanya secara efektif (Julien & Hoffman, 2008).

Perpustakaan awam adalah salah satu jenis perpustakaan yang terlibat secara langsung dengan literasi maklumat dan pembelajaran sepanjang hayat. Perpustakaan awam mempunyai peranan besar untuk menjayakan literasi maklumat dan mempunyai kuasa untuk terlibat secara aktif dalam proses pembinaan pengetahuan kumpulan sasarannya dan bekerjasama dengan pihak lain yang berkepentingan (Skov, 2004).

Program Literasi maklumat di Perpustakaan negara Malaysia

PNM melalui Pelan Strategik Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia 2009 – 2013 iaitu memperkukuhkan Penyampaian Perkhidmatan Perpustakaan dan Maklumat dengan membangunkan Progam Literasi Maklumat secara bersepadu telah berjaya mewujudkan panduan program literasi maklumat. Projek ini dijalankan bermula pada Mac 2011 dan berjaya dilancarkan pada 23 Disember 2011 di Maran, Pahang. Program literasi maklumat ini ditawarkan kepada semua lapisan masyarakat dengan menyediakan tiga jenis modul iaitu modul asas, pertengahan dan lanjutan. Program literasi maklumat ini dijalankan di sekolah menengah, perpustakaan desa, agensi kerajaan dan swasta.

Selain daripada itu, PNM juga ada mengadakan program Sesi Pendidikan Pengguna khusus untuk pelajar sekolah menengah. Program ini dijalankan di PNM dan dikenadalikan oleh Bahagian Khidmat Pelanggan yang dijalankan sebanyak dua atau tiga kali seminggu. Para pelajar di beri penerangan dan pendedahan berkaitan perkhidmatan-perkhidmatan yang disediakan oleh PNM, jenis-jenis bahan maklumat, penggunan OPAC, pangkalan data MyLib, Ebesco host, Nexis, Blis dan lain-lain. Para peserta turut diberikan peluang untuk mempraktikkan sendiri segala kemahiran yang telah dipelajari.

PNM juga ada menyediakan program literasi maklumat yang diadakan di sekolah-sekolah menengah seluruh Malaysia. Program ini dikenali sebagai Program Literasi Maklumat PNM: Teknik Pencarian dan Pempakejan Maklumat. Inisiatif ini dimulakan pada tahun 2010 yang dikenali sebagai Program Outreach Perkhidmatan Maklumat Komuniti: Bengkel Rintis Teknik Pencarian dan Pempakejan Maklumat. Kumpulan sasarannya adalah pelajar tingkat 1-5. Antara aktiviti yang dijalankan dalam program ini adalah taklimat literasi maklumat, latihan (hands on), kuiz dan aktiviti berkumpulan.

Objektif kajian
Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk: i. Mengkaji kemahiran maklumat pengguna PNM ii. Mengkaji kemahiran penyelidikan pengguna PNM iii. Mengkaji peranan PNM dalam membangunkan progam literasi maklumat

Metodologi penyelidikan
Penyelidikan secara kuantitatif telah dijalankan untuk mengenalpasti tahap literasi maklumat dikalangan pengguna PNM berkaitan dengan kebolehan dan kemahiran penyelidikan mereka.
Enam elemen telah dikenalpasti untuk tujuan kajian iaitu: i. Latarbelakang pengguna ii. Maklumat asas kemahiran maklumat iii. Mengenalpasti, mengguna, mengurus dan kepatuhan terhadap undang-undang dan etika penggunaan maklumat iv. Penilaian maklumat v. Persepsi pengguna terhadap kemahiran penyelidikan mereka
Enam elemen ini dipilih kerana dapat memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas bagaimana pengguna PNM mencari dan menggunakan maklumat.

Seramai 276 orang pengguna PNM telah menjawab daripada 300 soal selidik yang diedarkan. Responden ini terdiri daripada semua lapisan masyarakat tanpa mengira status pendidikan dan pekerjaan. Soal selidik yang diedarkan mengandungi 27 soalan. Soalan-soalan yang disediakan berbentuk objektif dan subjektif serta disediakan dalam bahasa Melayu.

Keputusan

Tema 1 : Latarbelakang Responden

Rajah 4.1 Jantina Respoden

Rajah 4.2 Pekerjaan Responden

Rajah 4.3 Pendidikan Respoden

Tema 2: Maklumat Umum

Rajah 4.4 Kekerapan Penggunaan Perpustakaan oleh Responden

Rajah 4.5 Kekerapan Penggunaan Sumber Maklumat Perpustakaan oleh Responden

Rajah 4.6 Latihan Literasi Maklumat/Kemahiran Maklumat/Kemahiran Perpustakaan oleh Responden

Rajah 4.7 Tujuan Datang ke Perpustakaan oleh Responden

Tema 3: Pencarian Maklumat dan Sumber Maklumat, Guna dan Susun, Undang-undang dan Etika Penggunaan Maklumat

Jadual 4.2 Pencarian Maklumat

| |Ya |
|Pencarian | |
| |Kekerapan |Peratus |
|Judul |169 |61.2 |
|Penerbit |37 |13.4 |
|Subjek |110 |39.9 |
|Pengarang |58 |21 |
|Tidak Tahu |70 |25.4 |

Kebanyakan responden menjawab dengan betul iaitu menggunakan “judul” atau “subjek” dengan 61.2% memilih “judul” dan 39.9% memilih “subjek” untuk mencari maklumat mengenai Mahathir. Manakala seramai 21.0% (58 responden) memilih “pengarang”, diikuti 13.4% (37 responden) memilih “penerbit” dan 25.4% (70 responden) memilih “tidak tahu”.

Jadual 4.3 Cara Terbaik Mencari Buku

| |Ya |
|Pencarian | |
| |Kekerapan |Peratus |
|Kata Kunci |114 |41.3 |
|Subjek |121 |43.8 |
|Pengarang |71 |25.7 |
|No. Panggilan |49 |17.8 |
|Tidak Tahu |71 |25.7 |

Kurang daripada separuh responden memilih jawapan yang betul kaedah terbaik mencari buku di perpustakaan. Hanya 41.3% (114 responden) memilih kata kunci dan 43.8% (121 responden) memilih subjek sebagai kaedah terbaik mencari buku. Ini diikuti oleh pengarang sebanyak 25.7% (71 responden), nombor panggilan 17.8% (49 responden) dan 25.7% (71 responden) tidak tahu

Jadual 4.4 Cara Pengguna Mencari Maklumat

|Cara Guna |Ya |
| |Kekerapan |Peratus |
|Melalui OPAC |139 |50.4 |
|Melalui Pustakawan |126 |45.7 |
|Cari di rak |161 |58.3 |
|Melalui Pengguna lain |13 |4.7 |
|Melalui Kawan |36 |13 |
|Tidak tahun |9 |3.3 |
|Lain-lain (internet, nota) |6 |2 |

Separuh daripada responden mahir mencari maklumat diperpustakaan iaitu 50.5% (139 responden) menggunakan OPAC untuk mencari maklumat di perpustakaan. Malangnya 58.3% (161 responden) terus mencari di rak koleksi untuk mencari maklumat. Manakala 45.7% (126 responden) mencari maklumat melalui pustakawan, diikuti 13.0% (36 responden) melalui kawan, 4.7% (13 responden) melalui pengguna, 2.0% lain-lain seperti internet dan nota. Sebanyak 3.3% (9 responden) menjawab tidak tahu. Jelas menunjukkan bahawa kemahiran menggunakan perpustakaan masih kurang dikalangan pengguna PNM

Jadual 4.5 Mahir Dalam Sesuatu Topik/Subjek Baru

|Mahir Topik |Kekerapan |Peratus |
|Ya |58 |21 |
|Tidak |217 |78.6 |
|Tidak tahu |1 |0.4 |

Keputusan: Jadual 4.5 menunjukkan bahawa sedikit sahaja pengguna menjawab dengan betul iaitu ensaiklopedia sebagai sumber utama untuk mahir dalam subjek/topik baru iaitu sebanyak 21% (58 responden) dan 78.6% (217 responden) menjawab jawapan yang salah.

Jadual 4.6 Operator Boolean AND

|Strategi Pencarian |Kekerapan |Peratus |
|Ya |93 |34 |
|Tidak |183 |66 |

Kajian menujukkan bahawa hanya 34.0% (93 responden) memilih jawapan yang betul. Manakala 66.0% (183 responden) memilih jawapan yang salah. Ini menunjukkan bahawa kebanyakkan pengguna PNM tidak memahami Boolean Logik

Jadual 4.7 Kenalpasti Petikan Jurnal

|Kenal Jurnal |Kekerapan |Peratus |
|Ya |120 |43 |
|Tidak |156 |57 |

Kurang daripada separuh responden memilih jawapan yang tetap iaitu hanya 43.0% (120 responden) dan seramai 57% (156 responden) memilih jawapan yang salah walaupun dua petikan jurnal diberikan

Jadual 4.8 Rujuk Pustakawan

|Rujuk Pustakawan |Kekerapan |Peratus |
|Tidak Pernah |59 |21 |
|1 kali |74 |27 |
|2-5 kali |97 |35 |
|< 5 kali |36 |13 |
|Tidak tahu |10 |4 |

Kajian menujukkan bahawa pengguna perpustakaan kurang merujuk kepada pustakawan kerana hanya 13.0% (36 responden) merujuk pustakawan untuk mencari maklumat. Manakala 35.0% (97 responden) merujuk pustakawan 2-5 kali, 27.0% (74 responden) merujuk 1 kali, 21.0% (59 responden) tidak pernah merujuk pustakawan dan 4.0% (10 responden) tidak tahu. Hal ini berlaku berkemungkinan pengguna sudah mahir dalam pencarian maklumat atau pustakawan PNM tidak mesra pengguna.

Jadual 4.9 Kaedah lain Mendapatkan Maklumat

|Kaedah Lain |Kekerapan |Peratus |
|Pinjaman antara perpustakaan |59 |21 |
|Cari tempat/organisasi lain |74 |27 |
|Imej/Video/Audio |97 |35 |
|Tidak Tahu |36 |13 |
|Lain-lain seperti internet, beli buku, tesis,jurnal |40 |14.8 |

Sebanyak 35.0% (97 responden) akan mencari imej/video/audio untuk mencari maklumat, manakala 27.0% (74 responden) mencari maklumat di tempat/organisasi lain, 21.0% (59 responden) memilih pinjaman antara perpustakaan, 14.8 % (40 responden) memilih internet, membeli buku, rujuk tesis dan jurnal. Seramai 13.0% (36 responden) tidak tahu.

Jadual 4.10 Kaedah Menyimpan Maklumat

|Kaedah simpan maklumat |Kekerapan |Peratus |
|Simpan dalam komputer/Pen drive |137 |50 |
|Cetak dan simpan dalam fail |52 |19 |
|Tiada sistem simpanan |20 |7 |
|Pelbagai sistem simpanan |67 |24 |

Kajian menunjukkan bahawa 50.0% (137 responden) menyimpan maklumat di dalam komputer/pen drive. Ini menunjukkan kebanyakkan pengguna mengunakan internet atau jurnal atas talian untuk mencari maklumat. 19.0% (52 responden) mencetak maklumat dan simpan di dalam fail, 24.0% (67 responden) mempunyai pelbagai sistem simpanan dan 7.0% (20 responden) tiada sistem simpanan.

Jadual 4.11 Kaedah Mendapatkan Maklumat Terkini

|Maklumat Terkini |Kekerapan |Peratus |
|Buku |65 |23 |
|Jurnal |37 |13 |
|Ensaiklopedia |7 |2.5 |
|Internet |156 |56 |
|Tidak tahu |11 |4 |

Jadual diatas menunjukkan bahawa 56.0% atau 156 responden menggunakan internet untuk mencari maklumat terkini. Responden mungkin mencari maklumat melalui jurnal atas talian atau enjin carian. Manakala sebanyak 23.0% (65 responden ) memilih buku. Pengguna mungkin tidak menyedari bahawa buku adalah sumber maklumat sekunder. 13.0% responden (37 responden) memilih jurnal, 2.5% (7 responden) memilih ensaiklopedia manakala 11.0% tidak tahu.

|Maklumat |Jawapan Betul |Tidak Tahu |
| |Kekerapan |Peratus |Kekerapan |Peratus |
|Gambar Siti Nurhaliza dari Internet |114 |41.3 |86 |31.2 |
|lagu tema Ombak Rindu oleh KRU |72 |26.1 |95 |34.4 |
|Teks yang anda imbas dari Harry Potter and The Prisoner of |67 |24.3 |111 |40.2 |
|Azkaban | | | | |
|Teks artikel dari Malaysian Business yang mengkritik Akta |94 |34.1 |122 |44.2 |
|kementerian Kewangan yang anda imbas | | | | |
|Teks dari Akta Hak Cipta yang diperkenalkan oleh Kabinet Malaysia|46 |16.7 |129 |46.7 |

Jadual 4.12 Akta Hak Cipta

Kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengguna PNM tidak mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik mengenai isu hak cipta dimana 41.3% responden menjawab dengan betul bahawa mereka boleh menggunakan gambar Siti Nurhaliza dalam laman web mereka dan 31.2% memilih tidak tahu. Manakala 26.1% responden menjawab dengan betul bahawa mereka tidak boleh meletakkan lagu tema Ombak Rindu dalam laman web mereka tanpa mendapat kebenaran dan 40.2% memilih tidak tahu. Keputusan lain juga menunjukkan bahawa hanya 24.3% memilih jawapan yang betul bahawa mereka tidak boleh mengimbas teks dari Harry Potter and The Prisoner of Azkaban untuk laman web mereka.

Jadual 4.13 Penilaian maklumat

|Kriteria Penilaian |Kekerapan |Peratus |
|Kelayakan Pengarang |92 |33.3 |
|Kelayakan Penerbit |39 |14.1 |
|Bandingkan dengan sumber lain |154 |55.8 |
|Bincang dengan pustakawan/pensyarah/guru |114 |41.3 |
|Bincang dengan kawan |101 |36.6 |
|Rujuk pakar |85 |30.8 |
|Lain-lain seperti internet, penilaian sendiri dan buku rujukan |3 |1.2 |

Keputusan menunjukkan hanya 33.3% (92 responden) memilih kelayakkan pengarang didalam menilai maklumat yang diperoleh. Hal ini amat menyedihkan kerana kelayakkan pengarang adalah faktor utama didalam menilai sumber maklumat. Hanya 41.3% (114 responden) memilih bincang dengan pustakawan/pensyarah/guru untuk menilai maklumat. Kebanyakkan responden memilih jawapan bandingkan dengan sumber lain didalam menilai maklumat iaitu sebanyak 55.8% (154 responden). Jelas menunjukkan bahawa pengguna PNM tidak mempunyai kemahiran yang baik di dalam menilai maklmat.

Jadual 4.15 Kebolehpercayaan Sumber Maklumat

|Sumber maklumat |Sangat dipercayai |Dipercayai |Kurang dipercayai |Tidak dipercayai |
| |Kekerapan |Peratus |
|Buku |186 |67.4 |
|Buku Rujukan |152 |55.1 |
|Jurnal |88 |31.9 |
|Tesis |44 |15.9 |
|Internet |242 |87.7 |
|Surat khabar |118 |42.8 |

Kajian menunjukkan bahawa 87.7% (118 responden) memilih Internet sebagai sumber rujukan yang paling banyak digunakan dalam kajian mereka. Ini dikuti oleh buku sebanyak 67.4% (186 responden). Agak menyedihkan hanya 31.9% dan 15.9% responden memilih jurnal dan tesis sebagai sumber maklumat mereka.

Kesimpulan

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat tahap literasi maklumat pengguna-pengguna PNM dan untuk membantu PNM membangunkan Program Literasi Maklumat dengan baik dan berkesan dalam menyokong hasrat kerajaan untuk mempromosi pembelajaran sepanjang hayat iaitu salah satu elemen penting didalam mewujudkan masyarakat bermaklumat.

Secara keseluruhannya didapati bahawa pengguna PNM masih tidak mempunyai kemahiran literasi maklumat yang baik terutama dari segi elemen asas pencarian maklumat, penilaian maklumat dan kesedaran terhadap undang-undang dan etika penggunaan maklumat. Berikut adalah keputusan berdasarkan tema.

|Tema |Keputusan |Masalah Dikenalpasti |
|Pencarian Maklumat |39.9% memilih subjek untuk cari maklumat mengenai Mahathir| |
| |41.3% dan 43.8% pilih kata kunci dan subjek sebagai cara |Kurang pengetahuan dalam controlled vocabulary |
| |terbaik cari buku. |di dalam Pangkalan Data dan kesalahan dalan |
| |34% memilih dengan betul operator AND |penggunaan Boolean AND |
|Ciri-ciri dokumen |43% dapat mengenalpasti petikan jurnal |Tiada kebolehan untuk mentafsirkan jurnal |
| | |ilmiah atau ciri-ciri sesuatu karya |
|Penilaian Maklumat |33.3% memilih Kelayakan Pengarang untuk menilai sumber |Kurang pengetahuan di dalam menilai sumber |
| |maklumat. |maklumat |
|Sumber Maklumat |31.9% dan 15.9% memilih jurnal dan tesis sebagai sumber |Kurang pengetahuan dalam memilih sumber |
| |maklumat utama |maklumat yang tepat, sahih dan sah |
|Undang-undang dan etika penggunaan |26.1% memilih jawapan yang betul bahawa mereka perlu |Kurang pengetahuan dalam Akta Hak Cipta |
|maklumat |mendapatkan kebenaran untuk meletakkan lagu tema Ombak | |
| |Rindu dalam laman web mereka. | |

Cadangan

Berdasarkan kepada analisis dan terjemahan kajian, projek ini mencadangkan:

1. Mewujudkan Program Literasi Maklumat khusus untuk pengguna PNM. Program ini boleh dilaksanakan pada hujung minggu. Modul program mestilah menekankan asas pencarian maklumat, penilaian maklumat dan undang-undang dan etika penggunaan maklumat.

2. Mewujudkan kursus literasi maklumat secara atas talian. Kajian mendapati bahawa kebanyakkan pengguna PNM lebih gemar menggunakan teknologi maklumat untuk mencari maklumat. PNM boleh menawarkan kursus literasi maklumat secara atas talian yang menekankan kepada aspek asas pencarian maklumat seperti Boolean.

3. Pembangunan kemahiran literasi maklumat kepada kakitangan PNM. Ini adalah elemen yang sangat penting untuk menghasilkan program literasi maklumat yang berkesan. Kakitangan yang terlibat perlu memperbaiki kemahiran maklumat dan kemahiran mengajar.

4. Persepakatan pintar dengan organisasi/institusi kerajaan dan swasta. PNM harus sedar bahawa program literasi maklumat seharusnya diajar kepada orang ramai yang memerlukannya. PNM seharusnya mengadakan kerjasama dengan pelbagai institusi dimana mereka boleh menghadiri program literasi maklumat dimana-mana sahaja seperti di pusat-pusat belia dan sukan, rumah-rumah kebajikan, pusat-pusat serenti, dan pusat-pusat komuniti.

Penutup

Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia menghadapai cabaran yang besar didalam membangunkan kompetensi kemahiran maklumat di kalangan penggunanya. PNM perlu bertindak dengan agresif didalam menawarkan latihan kemahiran maklumat kepada penggunanya. Kajian membutikan bahawa pengguna-pengguna PNM tidak mempunyai tahap kemahiran literasi maklumat yang baik. Oleh itu, PNM seharusnya bertindak lebih jauh dengan bkerjasama dengan semua institusi lain untuk menyebarkan kemahiran literasi maklumat dikalangan penduduk Malaysia.

Bibliografi

American Library Association. (2008). Information literacy. Diakses pada 20 Mei 2012 dari: www.ala.org/ala/acrl/acrlproftools/informationliteracy.htm - 25k - 2007-07-05

Association of College and Research Library. (2000). Information literacy. Diakses pada 20 Mei 2012 dari: http://www.ala.org/ala/acrl/acrlstandards/standards.pdf

Bahagian Teknologi Pendidikan (2012). Pengurusan Sumber Pendidikan. Diakses pada 20 Mei 2012 dari: http://bibliografi.moe.edu.my/SumberPendidikan/index.php/faqs/213-literasi-maklumat.html

Behrens, Shirley. (1994). A conceptual analysis and historical overview of information literacy. College and Research Library. 55(4), 309-320

Chan, J. & Dudley, J.(2009). Information literacy and public libraries, inCite, 30(1/2), p.18

Che Norma Bahri (2004). Program literasi maklumat diperpustakaan akademik: satu tinjauan kaedah dan pencapaian (Information literacy programmes in academic libraries: a review of methods and achievements). Paper presented at Seminar Kebangsaan Perpustakaan Malaysia.

Goodman, J. (2009). Web 2.0 and public libraries: essential innovation requires a national solution, Aplis, 22(3),104-105

Harding, J. (2008). Information literacy and the public library: we’ve talked the talk, but are we walking the walk?, Australian Library Journal.

King, Lizette. (2007). Information literacy of incoming undergraduate arts students at the Univeristy of the Western Cape: assessment of competencies and proficiencies. PhD Thesis, University of Western Cape

Jingxia, Li (2002). The public library and citizens’ information literacy education in China. A case study of Wuhan area, China. IFLA Council and General Conference: Conference Programme and Proceedings, 18-24 August 2002. Glasgow, Scotland.

Julen, H., & Hoffman, C. (2008). Information literacy training in Canada’s public libraries. Library Quarterly, 78(1), 19-41.

Lai, Horng-Ji (2011). Information literacy training in public libraries : a case from Canada. Educational Technology and Society, 14(2), 81-88.

N.N. Edzan (2008). Information literacy development in Malaysia : a review. Libri, 58, 265-280.

Pieper, L. (2010). Information literacy in public libraries.ALIA Access, 1-3 September 2010, Brisbane, Australia.

Pusataka Negeri Sarawak (2012). Program kemahiran literasi maklumat. Diakses pada 23 Mei 2012 dari: http://www.pustaka-sarawak.com/Pustaka-Sarawak/perkhidmatan_kami.php?do=program_kemahiran_literasi_maklumat

Skov, A (2004), Information literacy and the role of public libraries, electronic version, Scandinavian Public Library Quarterly, 37(3), 4–7

Salma Chowdry (July/Disember 2011) “The Information Literacy Education Readiness of Central Public Library (CPL) in Dhaka of Bangladesh. International Journal of Information Science and Management, 1 (2), 22-44

Webber, S. and Johnston, B. (2003) “Information literacy in the United Kingdom: a critical review.” In: Basili, C. (Ed) Information Literacy in Europe. Rome: Italian National Research Council. 258-283.

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Information Literacy

...Information Literacy There are sources on the internet that contain various definitions about information literacy. According to Wikipedia, information literacy is defined as “the ability to know when there is a need for information, to be able to identify, locate, evaluate, and effectively use that information for the issue or problem at hand” (Wikipedia, 2014). There are many areas that relate to information literacy including literacy in the media, computer, critical thinking skills, and traditional literacy. In today’s modern world and age, information literacy is becoming an important set of skills required for someone to be able to identify information needed and having the ability to locate, evaluate, and effectively utilize the needed information. Moreover, “information literacy has emerged as a distinct skill set and a necessary key to one’s social and economic well-being in an increasingly complex information society” (Wikipedia, 2014). There are sources such as the Big6 that have helped to standardize the process of information literacy. I came across a periodical database about Big6 by the Month, explaining helpful and effective procedures in refining information needed and identifying that information if it is relevant and credible. The Big6 is a form of literacy standard, divided into 6 information problem-solving steps. Those steps are Task Definition, Information Seeking Strategies, Location & Access, Use of Information, Synthesis, and Evaluation. It is...

Words: 347 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Information Literacy

...Information Literacy The purpose of the peer review ultimately is to create the best possible article. The most critical step to this process is research. Research is likely to be a funded process through the receipt of grants. Furthermore, research is the basis of any and all arguments or points made through the article. An editor differs from a peer reviewer in a few different ways. A peer reviewer reads the article then provides their critique of said article. This is all done while the author of the article is unbeknownst to the reviewer. An editor is someone whom works alongside the author to help them in whatever way necessary. The primary goal of the editor is to push the author to write the best possible article, but the editor has the final say on publication. My article this week was not peer reviewed. For one, it has been an unusually busy week for me, but also because I trust myself enough to go without. Of course a peer review is a welcomed and useful resource, however, I trust my writing and proofreading to be solid as-is. I guess you could say that I am an editor whom authors. One of the best options to me for peer-reviews is my fellow classmates. Additionally, DeVry University’s library is an excellent resource for information on peer-reviewing. That information can provide insight on what to add, what to remove, as well as many other things. Long story short, the best possible thing to do is research extensively and excessively, write a paper, and have it...

Words: 279 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Information Literacy

...Information Literacy: Scholarship, Practice, Leadership Nadine Hurd University of Phoenix Information Literacy: Scholarship, Practice, Leadership Information literacy is an important tool for the human resources manager. The human resources manager is the person who screens, interviews, and hires the employees. To perform these job functions requires information competency. According to Turusheva (2009), “information competence is one of the essential parts of students learning competence” (p. 131). What this means is for the human resources manager to select, access, and apply information in a way that is accurate, and up-to-date. For example, rather than use a personality tool that was developed ten years ago, she should research, evaluate, and select a legal tool that will give accurate results but also use the tool in an ethical manner. A human resources manager who can incorporate scholarship, and practice is able to lead her organization successfully. Scholarship The scholarship model is important in human resources management because it sets the foundation for a successful leader. With advanced knowledge she can use that information to benefit the company she works for. In previous years high school students were able to fill human resources positions. Today a Bachelor’s degree or higher education is preferred. The reason for that is organizations are seeking more qualified individuals to run their companies. Organizations are looking for ways to save money and...

Words: 332 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Information Literacy

...Information Literacy With information being so readily available at the click of a button, is information literacy a necessary to tool to have and/or succeed? College students have multiple search engines, blogs, and social media sites that they obtain information from on a daily basis. These sites are the go to sites for students when completing academic work. According to Russell (2009), “students easily abandon the system of academic information available through their institution in favor of more intuitive sources like Google Scholar” (p. 92). This paper will analyze the importance of information literacy as it relates to the Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership Model. Loss Concept of Seeking Information William Badke, emphasizes that “showing students the magic is the key to getting past resistance to information literacy.” As simple as information literacy is to understand, students are resistant to becoming proficient in information literacy. It can be argued that students have become complacent with the convenience of acquiring information via smart phones, iPad, and smart watches. It is not commonplace for students to utilize journals and information that are peered-reviewed. In Williams Badke’s article, Information as Tool, Not Destination (2008), he suggest that students should know learn how maneuver through information to have a better understanding of it and to be able to identify the problem. Often times, students find it hard to research information...

Words: 1528 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Information and Literacy

...Information Literacy’s Influence on Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership in the Army Shasheshe Goolsby University of Phoenix Dr. Barb Information Literacy’s Influence on Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership in the Army The quality of information accessed and used for analyses and decisions has a significant influence on the quality of the resulting consequences of such decisions. In this regard, it is of critical importance to ensure that information used is of the highest quality possible, and as appropriate as possible to the situation or context of the analysis/decision-making process. However, in this information age, one of the main issues is the availability of different kinds of information that could make it difficult to look for the most suitable and reliable information possible to support such quality objective. In order to address this situation, it is necessary for one to have information literacy. It is argued that information literacy has a positive contribution on the quality of the results of scholarship, practice and leadership in the Army. One of the important issues nowadays is the availability of large amounts of information. This condition can be disadvantageous and could pose issues, especially when a significant portion of such information is not reliable and cannot be considered as scholarly (Russell, 2009). As such, the inability of Army personnel to properly seek and use appropriate scholarly and reliable information could lead to...

Words: 1317 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Information Literacy

...Running Head: Competency in Information and Technology Literacy Abstract The dynamic changes in information technology has advocated for nurses highly qualified in nursing informatics. This paper discusses some barricades allied to the employment of essential Nursing Informatics competencies into undergraduate nursing websites. Introduction Information Literacy is the set of skills needed to discover, repossess, evaluate, and use information. The Changes in information technology have led to new changes in the way nurses operate on patients. These nurses have to undergo various competencies. This paper discusses the changes and the required competencies. Discussion Information literacy is important in the nursing researches and practical working with the nursing informatics equipment. It is not just for students to learn but for practicing nurses and other healthcare practitioners as well. The practice of nursing in which the nurse makes medical decisions based on the best existing research proof, his or her own clinical expertise, and the needs and inclinations of the patient is referred to as evident based nursing. The nurses should learn to practice Information system to design and maintain their healthcare information. For instance, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant or Patient Data) could allow nursing scholars to access various decision support systems that would offer them with professional guidance relating to specific care and treatment matters at their patient’s...

Words: 587 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Information Literacy

...understanding of Information Literacy? How useful is it to an individual, especially a student? I was given the task to formulate an essay which comprises of my understanding of Information Literacy. I will include a definition so that my audience is fully aware of what I’m speaking about and can relate what I have documented in this essay. I am a first year student at the International University of the Caribbean studying Psychology, now in my second semester and one of my compulsory courses is Information Literacy. My first impression of this course was that it was going to be a “walk-over” but as Mrs B. Anderson engages us in her creative lectures I quickly realized that it was much more than I initially thought. Information Literacy is the capability to distinguish what information is needed, appreciate how the information is prearranged, ascertain the best sources of information for a given need (the need to complete an assignment), locate those sources, evaluate the sources critically, and share that information with other individuals through various mediums. Another source, The American Library Association (1991) states that Information Literacy is “the ability to find, evaluate and use information effectively”. Information Literacy came out of the need of wanting information. In September 1991 to March of 1992, The National Forum on Information Literacy came together, established and circulated the importance of information. We all use information throughout our...

Words: 1007 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Information Literacy

...How Information Literacy Relates to the SPL Model in Education Theresa McInnes University of Phoenix How Information Literacy Relates to the SPL Model in Education In an age where information is available with a single keystroke, Information Literacy (IL) is a foundational necessity. Striving to become a productive component in a global society, educators recognize many basic skills have been lost in the process (Badke, 2009). The speed of technology has replaced notable research tools such as paper books, paper pads and pens. Public demands for acquiring research quicker than previously available has weakened the reliability of the research available (Larsen, 1997). In relation to education, the processing speed information technology brings, directly impacts literacy, integrity and responsibility in regards to the Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership Model. Scholarship and Information Literacy Russell (2009) described the vast amount of information as overwhelming, which in turn drives many students to seek out easier but less reliable alternatives such as Dictionary.com or Wikipedia (p.92). As educators and life-long learners, educating students, while young, of the difference between reliable sources for credible information and quick-fix sites is crucial. A non-scholarly leader may underestimate the value of information literacy. Without the ability to know when information may be required, how to seek, evaluate and process information, or how to use...

Words: 1154 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Criticality of Information Literacy for Plant Inspectors

...Criticality of Information Literacy for Plant Inspectors Mohammed AL-Gahtani University of Phoenix Criticality of Information Literacy for Plant Inspectors It is true that “IT is the nature of one generation to fail the next” (Badke, 2009, p. 47). However, true leaders strive to ensure that their organizations do not become part of this failure. Even though it is extremely difficult to keep up with development and advancement in IT, true leaders make conscious efforts to ensure that people in their organization stay current with IT changes. To keep up with the dynamic changes in IT, true leaders provide for annual IT budget. They also ensure that training people is part of any new IT project that introduces new equipment and software. Most important, true leaders budget for annual maintenance and upgrades of newly installed IT equipment and software. The leaders who follow this approach have a better chance in succeeding to stay current with IT waves and reach the top. Leaders who decide to spend less on IT find themselves falling behind. Inspection is the most critical activity in operations of hydrocarbon plants. Inspectors conduct activities related to safety, reliability, and mechanical integrity of their operating plants. Inspection discipline has four main fields in hydrocarbon plants; electrical, mechanical, civil, and coating. Life cycle of the training and development in each inspection field covers in-class training, on-the-job training, mentoring...

Words: 1121 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Information Literacy

...How Information Literacy Influences Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership in Project Management (PM) Na’Kisha Sherrard, MS University of Phoenix How Information Literacy Influences Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership in Project Management (PM) According to the Project Management Institute (2012), “Project Management is the application of knowledge, skills, and techniques to execute projects effectively and efficiently. It’s a strategic competency for organizations, enabling them to tie project results to business goals — and thus, better compete in their markets.” Information literacy is receiving acknowledgement in the Project Management field. Information Literacy is “defined as a skill of searching, evaluating, using and distributing all kinds of information, which is developed during whole life” (Turusheva, 2009, p. 127). Individuals who have studied how to learn are information literate. Information literacy involves “critical thinking, an awareness of personal and professional ethics, information evaluation, conceptualizing information needs, organizing information, interacting with information professionals and making effective use of information in problem-solving, decision-making and research” (Bruce, 2009, p. 46). These individuals are prepared for lifelong learning, because they continuously obtain the data required for every duty or outcome approaching. “Information literary is not remedial; it is foundational” (Badke, 2009, p....

Words: 966 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Information Literacy

...Assignment 1: Information Literacy Current event article summary: The article I chose is about the new Apple Watch that Apple released to the public on September 9th, 2014. Although the watch is not available for purchase and to the public yet, Apple released the concept and design of what it will look like and its functions. It will be available to the public early next year. This article discuss’s the color ways and the size of the watch, there are a surprising number of options. There are three versions of the square watch face, each with its own color selection. Also, the watches are available in two sizes, the small is 38 mm and the large is 42 mm. The watch is said to be lightweight and very fitting to your wrist. The watch is not in any way like a regular cell phone though. You cannot write emails on it, text, or make phone calls. Apple hopes people will choose to communicate using what it calls “Digital Touch,” a combination of drawings and vibrations. You can make doodles with your finger tips, send custom vibration patterns, or even send your own heartbeat to another Apple Watch wearer. The battery life may be an issue for the watch though, Apple would not disclose any information about the battery to the public. There are many power saving technologies in the watch, but an Apple representative said the company expected people to charge their watch every night. Against the rumors, the watch will not be able to charge wirelessly, it will need a physical connection...

Words: 928 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Terrence

...COMM 150 Introduction to Information Literacy and Research| This course syllabus is a contract between you and Bryant & Stratton College. It represents the minimum expected learning outcomes for this course. Your instructor will also provide a supplemental syllabus describing the approach to the course, instructional methods, tracking calendar, assignments, assessments and grading scheme, plus guidelines for your success. | Semester Credit Hours: 3|Instructional Hours: 4|Term: Fall 2012| Proficiency Available: Yes|Prerequisite(s):None|Co-requisite(s):|Date of Last Revision: 7/2012| COURSE CATALOG DESCRIPTION:Students study the evolution of information and the impact of technology on research, and learn how to access, evaluate, synthesize and communicate research findings. The research process and papers required of each student include inquiry into each student’s chosen career field along with assignments on how changes in technology have impacted the communication process in the career field.| LEARNING OUTCOMESBryant & Stratton College seeks to develop lifelong learning competencies in all students through the development of information literacy skills that assist students to formulate essential questions, research and apply the answers, and communicate the results within the dynamic communities of college, career, and life.Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:1. Examine the history of information, and identify the evolution of technology...

Words: 691 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Ethics Statement

...the student; Sections 5 / 6 are to be completed by the tutor / supervisor. Section 1 Briefly outline your research questions or aims I observed in my bi-lingual kindergarten classroom that students are not aware of the significance of literacy skills. Students do not show an understanding of a constructed writing lesson and cannot relate what is being learned to everyday life. Therefore I believe that young children’s understanding of literacy as meaningful and purposeful, and not merely an abstract skill to be learned, is a critically important part of learning to communicate, read and write. For my case study I have decided to look at the following questions and observe these through different role play and teacher lead activities in the classroom. What types of scaffolding techniques enhances emergent literacy skills in a bi lingual environment? How can a positive attitude towards writing be encouraged? Section 2 Briefly outline your proposed methods and sites of data generation and your proposed methods of sampling During this case study project participants will be expected to answer a series of questions about their feelings and understanding of literacy. Participants will also be expected to take part in role play activities and literacy exercises during the course of the study. During the study, participants will also be asked to complete and partake in specific writing exercises. At the end of the study participants will be asked a second set of questions to try and...

Words: 1854 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Information Literacy

...Either of these questions should work!  Just remember, looking ahead, that your goal will be to wrestle with a question.  So take very seriously the words "Should" in question 1 and "Can" in question 2.  Ultimately you won't just be listing ways in which surveillance could be helpful, or listing benefits of online therapy, but genuinely exploring the questions as you have them formulated above.  Hope that makes sense! Affordable, available, and easy to use Rapid advances in technology, particularly in the last decade, have allowed individuals ready access to surveillance tools that were once only available to governments and law enforcement. Surveillance equipment is cheaper, smaller, and more sophisticated than ever before. Also important is that surveillance is a feature of everyday life, and thus has become normalized. Video cameras and GPS are standard features on smart phones. Personal computers together with wi-fi and the Internet allow individuals to watch over their property and loved ones remotely. Stores sell all manner of easily concealable tracking devices and cameras. In short, surveillance tools are no longer the stuff of spy novels but instead have become just another consumer product we can buy at the local mall. Technology as a parental aid Societal changes also play a significant role in the adoption of surveillance technologies into family life. It goes without saying that children have always been watched over to ensure that they are safe from harm. In...

Words: 927 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Eng101

...Lauren Klubertanz Lauren’s English 101 Portfolio ENG101 15 July 2016 Table of Contents Cover Letter p. 3-4 Self- Assessment Essay p. 5-10 College Learning Essay p. 11-17 Analyzing Arguments Essay p. 18-23 Cover Letter This midterm portfolio shows how I have progressed has a college reader and writer. Before this class I had trouble even understanding how to write a thesis and now I think I can definitely write a college level thesis. I have progressed to know how to incorporate my evidence into my concise and focused thesis statement. For example in the self assessment essay my thesis was, “Due to transferring to many schools over my first two years of college, I feel like I have had the opportunity to build up many habits of mind from Framework for Success in Post-Secondary Writing, especially in flexibility, openness and persistence but still can develop in metacognition and creativity in order to become a more successful college writer.” This showed that I could adapt a thesis to the assignment and it was focused and used my sources. At this point in the semester, a strength I have is the ability to connect source evidence with my thesis. I am able to develop my focused thesis around source-based evidence. For example in the college learning essay I was able to use my interview with my friend who was an elementary teacher to help develop my thesis about how teaching has changed due...

Words: 4843 - Pages: 20