...EXORBITANT PRIVILEGE EXORBITANT PRIVILEGE The Rise and Fall of the Dollar and the Future of the International Monetary System Barry Eichengreen Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2011 by Barry Eichengreen Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Eichengreen, Barry J. Exorbitant privilege : The Rise and Fall of the Dollar and the Future of the International Monetary System / Barry Eichengreen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-975378-9 1. Money—United States—History—20th century. 2. Devaluation of currency—United States—History—21st century. 3. United States—Economic...
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...* Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences | Year: 2009 | Volume: 6 | Issue: 4 | Page No.: 181-189 | | Impact of Internal Control System in Banking Sector in Nigeria | | Olaoye Clement Olatunji | | Abstract: The Central Bank of Nigeria reported that the backward development in Nigeria was attributable to weaknesses in the internal control systems of the banks. This has clearly pointed out the picture of how fraud has been penetrated in the financial strength of Nigerian Banks. In a nut-shell, the damage which this menace, called fraud has done to the banks is innumerable and needs urgent attention. Therefore, the attempt to put an end to this economic degradation, gave rise to the topic of this research study the impact of internal control in the banking sector in Nigeria with Wema Bank of Nigeria PLC as a case study. However, this study is aimed at verifying the conception that an effective and efficient internal control system is the best control measure for preventing and detecting fraud, especially in the banking sector. Data captured for this study, were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The descriptive analysis involves the use of percentages, tabulation and graphical presentation. While the inferential statistical method involved the use of the chi-square. The functions of fraud prevention, detection and control are interwoven, as the three works together to eliminate fraud and fraudulent tendencies. Therefore, internal control...
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...COMPENSATION STRATEGY, STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION Objectives After reading this unit, you should be able to: l appreciate compensation function and objectives; l analyse compensation issues and trends; l assess the characteristics of executive compensation and its determinants; l understand the principles and practices of compensation administration; and l identify the major components of wage structure in India. Structure 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Compensation Issues 17.3 Compensation Function 17.4 Compensation Policies and Objectives 17.5 Compensation Administration 17.6 Compensation Determinants 17.7 Compensation Survey 17.8 Compensation Structure 17.9 Job Evaluation System 17.10 Pay Equity 17.11 Executive Compensation 17.12 Compensation Trends 17.13 Wage Structure in India 17.14 Case Study 17.15 Summary 17.16 Self-Assessment Questions 17.17 Further Readings 17.1 22 INTRODUCTION One of the most difficult functions of human resource management is that of determining the rates of monetary compensation. It is not only complex, but significant both to the organisation and employees. Employee compensation decisions are crucial for the success of an organisation. From a cost perspective alone, effective management of employee compensation is critical because of the total operating costs. Another reason for studying compensation from the organisation’s...
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...It is widely accepted that the presence of independent directors in the boardroom improves the quality of corporate governance. Accordingly, corporate governance mechanisms all over the globe, including in India, focus on 'independent directors'. The Companies Bill 2011 includes number of new provisions related to independent directors. It includes a 'Code For Independent Directors' (Schedule IV). According to the Bill an independent director is a director other than a managing director or a whole-time director or a nominee director, who is not a promoter and who fulfils certain conditions specified in the Bill. Primarily he/she does not have any pecuniary relationship with the company or he/she, with relatives, does not hold more than two percent of the voting power of the company. The Bill describes an independent director as a person of integrity, who possesses relevant expertise and experience. The government expects independent directors to bring an independent judgment to bear on the Board's deliberations especially on issues of strategy, performance, risk management, resources, key appointments and standards of conduct; and to bring an objective view in the evaluation of the performance of board and management. As per the Companies Bill, their responsibility is to safeguard the interest of stakeholders, particularly minority shareholders and to balance conflicting interests of stakeholders. Balancing the conflicting interest is a tricky job and most experts believe that...
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...paramount importance today in Nigerian banks. The reason being that the control systems in any organization is a pillar for an efficient accounting system. The need for the internal control systems in the organizations, especially banks, cannot be undermined, due to the fact that the banking sector, which has a crucial role to play in the economic development of a nation is now being characterized by macro economic instability, slow growth in real economic activities, corruption and the risk of fraud. Fraud, which is the major reason for setting up on internal control system, has become a great pain in the neck of many Nigerian bank managers. It has also become an unfortunate staple in Nigeria’s international reputation. Fraud is really eating deep into the Nigerian banking system and that any bank with a weak internal control system, is dangerously exposed to bank fraud. The CBN reported that cases of attempted fraud and forgery in banks, as at half-year 2007 have surpassed what was recorded for the whole year 2006. The CBN half-year report for 2007, revealed a total of 741 cases of attempted fraud and forgery, involving 5.4 billion, $35,406.1, 150 Euros were reported as at June, 2007. In 2006, 1,193 cases were reported involving 4.6 billion, $1.8 million and 14,389.7 pound sterling. The CBN also reported that the backward development was attributable to weaknesses in the internal control systems of the banks. This has clearly pointed the picture of how fraud has penetrated...
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...Philippine Education For All 2015: Implementation and Challenges I. General Introduction 1. Filipinos have deep regard to for education. Education occupies a central place in Philippine political, economic social and cultural life. It has always been strongly viewed as a pillar of national development and a primary avenue for social and economic mobility. 2. A clear evidence of the value placed on education is the proportion of the national government budget going to the sector. The Department of Education (DepEd), the country’s biggest bureaucracy 1 , is given the highest budget allocation among government agencies each year as required by the 1987 Philippine Constitution.2 3. The 1987 Constitution likewise guarantees the right to education of every Filipino. It provided that, “The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make education accessible to all.” . 4. The right of every Filipino to quality basic education is further emphasized in Republic Act 9155 or the Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001. Along with Republic Act 6655 or the Free Secondary Education Act, these laws reaffirm the policy of the State to protect and promote the rights of all Filipinos by providing children free and compulsory education in the elementary and high school level. This pertains to six years of free tuition fees for children aged 6 to 11, and free four years of secondary schooling for those aged...
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...| | |Assumptions | | | |Please note that a number of assumptions have been made in response to this assignment. These include the size of the Belcher | |Rollins business and its operations, its international locations, its listings on international stock markets and its | |financial reporting process. Assumptions have also been made about the product development process and pricing. All of these| |are as realistic as possible, having been established through detailed research of the current market leader, Reed Elsevier, | |and its major competitors. | | | |As InScope is directly comparable to the Reed Elsevier ‘Scopus’ product, it has also been assumed that Scopus does not exist | |at time of the InScope launch. | INSCOPE: A NEW GENERATION OF RESEARCH PR PLAN...
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...late.” Abdulla Ali Uqba, Chief Executive, Al Atheer, Development & Management Consultancy, Dubai. “More than just a guide to better managing your time - it’s a collection of simple, yet effective, tips and reminders to help keep you on track.” Linda Harlow, Director, Brook Street plc “Contains a wealth of practical tips to help busy managers manage their time better.” Viv Clements, Training Officer, Aylesbury Vale District Council. Published by: Management Pocketbooks Ltd 14 East Street, Alresford, Hants SO24 9EE, U.K. Tel: +44 (0)1962 735573 Fax: +44 (0)1962 733637 E-mail: pocketbks@aol.com Web: www.pocketbook.co.uk MANAGEMENT POCKETBOOKS All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. 1st edition 2nd edition 3rd edition 4th edition 1990 1991 1995 1997 Reprinted 1998, 1999, 2000. © Ian Fleming 1990, 1997 ISBN 1 870471 53 9 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data – A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Printed in U.K. by Ashford Colour Press Ltd, Gosport, Hants. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 MANAGING RELATIONSHIPS Working with your boss, secretary, team, dealing with interruptions, assertiveness 55 MANAGING WORK ACTIVITIES Taking action (for the right reason, at the right time, in the right way) 5 75 MANAGING COMMUNICATIONS...
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...Report on Muslim Commercial Bank Dedicated To My Parents PREFACE It is the requirement of the MBA course Al-Khair University, Multan that all students of MBA have to spent two months in any organization to get practical exposure and to get familiarized with the ways to live in the organizational environment which is dramatically different from the educational environment. That two months period called “Internship Period “, if spent properly and sincerely, enables the students to be more confident, more knowledgeable, more responsible and, above all, more committed to its work in the practical field. I have also been assigned to do internship of six weeks period in MCB Jhang City Branch. It has enabled me to understand the practical scenario and sharpen our decision making power and utilizing the resources in an effective manner, so that our resources generate maximum profit. In preparing this report, I have put all of my best efforts and tried my level best to give maximum knowledge. Despite of my all the coherent efforts, I do believe that there will always be a room for improvement in the efforts of learner like me. Farhan Raza Table of Contents DESCRIPTION PAGE # Executive Summary 05 History of MCB 08 Head Office ...
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...carried out by the auditors does not involve consideration of these matters. Accordingly, the auditors accept no responsibility for any changes that may have occurred to the financial statements since they were initially placed on the website. Legislation in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. Disclaimer Except where you are a shareholder, this material is provided for information purposes only and is not, in particular, intended to confer any legal rights on you. This Annual Report and Accounts does not constitute an invitation to invest in Unilever shares. Any decisions you make in reliance on this information are solely your responsibility. The information is given as of the dates specified, is not updated, and any forward-looking statements are made subject to the reservations specified on the final page of the Report. Unilever accepts no responsibility for any information on other websites that may be accessed from this site by hyperlinks. Annual Report and Accounts 2007 Growing as One Adding Vitality to life The Unilever Group Unilever N.V. (NV) is a public limited company registered in the Netherlands, which has listings of shares and depositary...
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...Sam Walton Made in America My Story by Sam Walton with John Huey BANTAM BOOKS NEW YORK• TORONTO• LONDON• SYDNEY• AUCKLAND This edition contains the complete text of the original hardcover edition. NOT ONE WORD HAS BEEN OMITTED. SAM WALTON: MADE IN AMERICA A Bantam Book/published by arrangement with Doubleday PUBLISHING HISTORY Doubleday edition published June 1992 Bantam edition/June 1993 Photographs without credits appear courtesy of the Walton family. All rights reserved. Copyright© 1992 by the Estate of Samuel Moore Walton. Cover photo copyright© 1989 by Louis Psihoyos/Matrix. Cover design by Emily & Maura Design. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 92-18874. ISBN 0-553-56283-5 Published simultaneously in the United States and Canada Bantam Books are published by Bantam Books, a division of Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc. Its trademark, consisting of the words "Bantam Books" and the portrayal of a rooster, is Registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and in other countries. Marca Registrada. Bantam Books, 1540 Broadway, New York, New York 10036. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA OPM 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 Contents Acknowledgments 4 Foreword 5 1 Learning to Value a Dollar 9 2 Starting on a Dime 14 3 Bouncing Back 25 4 Swimming Upstream 33 5 Raising a Family 44 6 Recruiting the Team 50 7 Taking the Company Public 58 8 Rolling Out the Formula 68 9 Building the Partnership 77 10 Stepping...
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...suggestion/recommendation for improvement in the contents of this guideline would be highly appreciated. Users may kindly contact with the following persons for their suggestions/ recommendations and queries (if any): 1. Md. Nur-un-Nabi General Manager nurun.nabi@bb.org.bd 2. Md. Lutful Kabir Deputy General Manager lutful.kabir@bb.org.bd 3. Mohammad Nurul Islam Joint Director mnurul.islam@bb.org.bd i Preface to the Fifth Edition In the light of current economic activities and experiences thereof, the fifth edition of the revised directory on compilation of Banking Statistics Returns is in the process of being published. Information/data on banking sector of the country play an important role in formulating monetary policy and determining the trend of economic activities. In order to meet that end, the SBS forms which were used earlier for collection of all types of information/data from the banking sector in Bangladesh have been revised and enlarged. The Statistics Department of the Bangladesh Bank published Banking Statistics Guidelines 8 (Eight) years ago in the form of a booklet for enabling the scheduled banks to fill in the above forms properly and submitting the same to the Bangladesh Bank. In the current edition of the booklet, detailed explanatory notes of the terms have been given in addition to the revisions of definitions of some terms. Necessary changes and modifications have also been made in some areas pertaining to deposits and advances and on codes relating to advances...
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...THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL CONTROL ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE (A CASE STUDY OF ECOBANK NIGERIA PLC) BY AMOO TEMITOPE GRACE ACT/2009/0036 ADEYIGA ADEBAYO ECN/2009/0005 BEING A RESEARCH PROJECT CARRIED OUT AND SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES OSUN STATE UNIVERSITY, OSOGBO NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCES (B.Sc) DEGREE IN ACCOUNTING JULY 2013 1 CERTIFICATION It is certified that this research project, written by Amoo Temitope Grace with matriculation number ACT/2009/0036 was supervised by me and submitted to the Department of Accounting, Faculty of management sciences. Osun State University Osogbo, Okuku Campus. Mr J.O Oyewole Project supervisor Date PROF. Temi Ologunorisa Head of Department Date 2 DEDICATION This research work is specially dedicated to Almighty God in Heaven, the one who loves me dearly, unconditionally and eternally, the source and the strength with which I have been able to pull through the challenges that came with this work, for his protection and guidance over my life right from the inception and towards successful completion of this academic programme. Also, to my beloved parents; Mr and Mrs AMOO for their supports both financially and morally to accomplish the great task of passing through this practical project. My prayer to you is that you will eat the fruits of your labor in Jesus name (Amen). 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Nothing...
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...FAB PAPER F1 ACCOUNTANT IN BUSINESS BPP Learning Media is the sole ACCA Platinum Approved Learning Partner – content for the FIA and ACCA qualifications. In this, the only FAB/F1 Study Text to be reviewed by the examiner: We highlight the most important elements in the syllabus and the key skills you will need We signpost how each chapter links to the syllabus and the study guide We provide lots of exam focus points demonstrating what the examiner will want you to do We emphasise key points in regular fast forward summaries We test your knowledge of what you’ve studied in quick quizzes We examine your understanding in our exam question bank We reference all the important topics in our full index BPP’s Practice & Revision Kit and i-Pass products also support this paper. Note FIA FAB and ACCA Paper F1 are examined under the same syllabus and study guide. FOR EXAMS FROM FEBRUARY 2014 TO AUGUST 2015 I N T E R A C T I V E T E X T FAB/F1 ACCOUNTANT IN BUSINESS First edition March 2011 Third edition September 2013 ISBN 9781 4453 7026 2 Previous ISBN 9781 4453 9965 2 eISBN 9781 4453 7061 3 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Published by BPP Learning Media Ltd BPP House, Aldine Place 142-144 Uxbridge Road London W12 8AA www.bpp.com/learningmedia Printed in the United Kingdom by RICOH Ricoh House Ullswater Crescent Coulsdon CR5 2HR A note about copyright Dear Customer...
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...researchers who wish to understand more about the latest developments in this rapidly changing field. Andy Neely is Deputy Director of the ESRC/EPSRC AIM Research initiative, Professor of Operations Strategy and Performance at Cranfield School of Management, and Visiting Professor of Operations Management at London Business School. Business Performance Measurement Unifying theories and integrating practice Second edition Edited by Andy Neely CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521855112 © Cambridge University Press 2002, 2007 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take...
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