Information Technology Act per

* Electronic communications Privacy Act (ECPA) * Electronic communications Privacy Act (ECPA) of 1986 is a federal law which gives the government a certain amount of standard in which they can monitor citizens using phone or internet connections. The Act had to be created for business or individuals privacy protection. In 1967 Supreme court ruled that tapping telephone conversation were illegal and will not be credible in court unless the government had obtained a warrant from a judge, and also followed the standard procedures. The fourth Amendment of the constitution which protected telephone conversation only applied to voice communication over a wire or face to face. In 1980’s, as technology began to evolve business began to offer other way of communication by transferring data without voice. Emails became popular and easier for businesses but it wasn’t protected or included on the Privacy protection law. * Development of technology went into a halt because ruling from court stating data communication and wireless were not private. ECPA was adopted by the congress clarifying that government agents must obtain a signed warrant by a judge before breaking the privacy law. As technology began to develop daily for corporate, small business or individuals, it became necessary ECPA Act. Electronic Communication Privacy Act (ECPA) of 1986 provided important privacy protection of any internet and wireless service. Over decades since the Act was drafted, technology has advanced dramatically, leaving very important protection rights out without protection. * The ECPA acts had not been updated and courts have been very slow in extending or amending the constitution on technology. In other to help fight crimes, government official still need to follow proper procedure. Since the ECPA reform, one federal court has held appeals stating that ECPA is unconstitutional because government agents are allowed to read citizen emails without a warrant. These type of battles usually will take years even decades to be ironed out due to new envisions and development of technologies.

* Children’s Internet Protection Act, 2000
Children Internet Protection Action, otherwise known as CIPA was enacted in 2000 by Congress to address issues and concerns regarding exposure of harmful or obscene content over the Internet. Internet has been around long before 2000 but because it had become more available to everyone and institutions, something had to be done to control the content of the web pages that children can view on the internet especially when it comes to formal institutions such as library, schools or government facilities. Usually, schools and libraries receive discounts for communication services and products from the government and CIPA enforces the rule by ensuring that any schools or libraries who do not comply with the Act will have their discounts discontinued.
There are several ethical issues associated with usage of Internet at a public place such as library and schools. Government has little control over the type of content millions of people publish to the internet every day and there is no simple way to shut down billions of web pages out there. Also, some citizens are simply exercising their fundamental human rights by posting whatever they want online. Some contents could be regarded as adult related content such as nudity, violence, pornography, gambling, etc. while others could be relatively harmless. There are also instances when someone is browsing a particular harmless websites and something inappropriate pops up out of nowhere. Therefore, exposing children to contents they are not supposed to see at their age. Also, being exposed to harmful materials such as pornography or violence could cause tremendous psychological issues for the child who witnessed it. What makes the issue worst is that the pop ups sometimes never seem to stop and clicking on one will generate several others.
Government thought that this particular issue needs to be addressed especially in public facilities such as schools and libraries. This is essentially what gave birth to CIPA. CIPA specifically addresses issues such as “access by minors to inappropriate content; unauthorized access, including so-called “hacking,” and other unlawful activities by minors online; the safety and security of minors when using electronic mail, chat rooms and other forms of direct electronic communications; unauthorized disclosure, use, and dissemination of personal information regarding minors; and measures restricting minors’ access to materials harmful to them” (FCC, n.d.).

References
Center for Democracy and Technology (n.d.). Center for Democracy & Technology | Keeping the Internet Open, Innovative and Free. Retrieved October 28, 2013, from https://www.cdt.org/issue/wiretap-ecpa#1
FCC (n.d.). Children's Internet Protection Act | FCC.gov. Retrieved October 28, 2013, from http://www.fcc.gov/guides/childrens-internet-protection-act