...NT1110 Computer Structure and Logic Short Answer 2.1 Input/Output Devices Professor Mo Suleiman October 4, 2014 In the wonderful world of computers, we need to tools to communicate with a computer. Of course, a base foundation is the Operating System. However, we do need tools that will allow end users to streamline a computer’s full potential and functionality. That is where input and output devices come into play. In computing, input and output devices refers to the way we as end users communicate with a computer. Input is defined as a way the data or information sent to a system, as in typing something on a keyboard. Outputs are the signals sent by the computer system to the outside end user. An input device is a piece of hardware that transfers information or data in the world for consumption from an end user to a computer. Critical input devices needed to communicate with a computer are a keyboard, and mouse. A keyboard is the sole way to input keys, or command instructions to a computer. Without a keyboard, a computer is useless to an end user. Another critical input device is a mouse. A mouse is a click and point device used to manipulate GUI interfaces within an operating system. A mouse is not necessary in sole computer programming, but in order to manipulate GUI based operating systems and programs, a mouse is needed to communicate to a computer. An output device is a piece of hardware a computer uses to communicate the results of data processing...
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...Running head: RETAIL SECTOR REVOLUTIONIZING THE RETAIL SECTOR Georgia D. Lewis Strayer University Instructor: Kegan Samuel CIS512 Advanced Computer Architecture 10/20/2013 Abstract This paper reveals the outcome of the evaluation of Digipos revolutionizing the retail sector. The paper addresses results from the examination and assessment within the main computer problems Digipos is faced with due to system upgrades. An alternative solution is given to resolve the problems. Similarities and differences are discussed between Quantum Blade and Retail Blade system in terms of computer architecture and performance. An Evaluation is also given on Digipos method to reduce the total cost of ownership. Revolutionizing the Retail Sector This paper reveals the outcome of the evaluation of Digipos revolutionizing the retail sector. The paper addresses results from the examination and assessment within the main computer problems Digipos is faced with due to system upgrades. An alternative solution is given to resolve the problems. Similarities and differences are discussed between Quantum Blade and Retail Blade system in terms of computer architecture and performance. An Evaluation is also given on Digipos method to reduce the total cost of ownership. The main computer problems Digipos is faced with...
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...Assignment 2 - Calculate the total price to purchase all the components required to build a state-of-the-art gaming computer from components available on the internet. Analysis Input: the user’s choice for motherboard, CPU, and hard drive. Process: The program will know the predetermined costs of the other components, BaseCost. The input consists of the CPU choice, the motherboard choice, and hard drive choice submodules, CPU_Choice, MB_Choice, and HDD_Choice. The user will enter a choice for an option. The program will determine the corresponding cost of the options: CPUCost, MBCost, and HDDCost. The total cost of the computer system is calculated by the sum of all the individual components for the system The BaseCost= CaseCost + PowerSupplyCost + MotherboardCost + HardDriveCost + RAMCost + DVDCost + SoundCardCost + MonitorCost + GraphicsCardCost + OperatingSystemCost The TotalSystemCost = CPUCost + MBCost + HDDCost + BaseCost Output: the user’s choices, the total system price in USD Design Step 1.) The Main module will call Compute_CPU_Choice, Compute_MB_Choice, and Compute_HDD_Choice submodules or terminate the program. Step 2.) The program will add the BaseCost from preset values. Step 3.) The program will request user input for CPUCost, MBCost, and HDDCost. Step 4.) The program will add The TotalSystemCost = CPUCost + MBCost + HDDCost + BaseCost Step 5.) The program will display the total cost of the computer in US dollars. Main...
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...simple to very complex, these problems usually require some sort of input and variables in order to create a solution. One problem that I face in the workplace of construction, is trying to figure out the number of ceiling tiles we will need to fit the ceilings in most offices we build. The ceiling tiles are a certain size and cover large areas which can be a tedious task trying to count how many tiles it will take to fill in the ceiling. A programming solution could be very beneficial in an instance such as this because by creating inputs such as the size of the tiles and the area they need to cover, an output could be the number of tiles that will be needed and thus saving a large amount of time on counting every space they need to fill. This problem of having to determine the number of ceiling tiles it will take to cover the celling area is normally done by counting the spaces in the ceiling that need to be filled and then determining how many tiles will need to be purchased. By coming up with a program to solve this problem would no doubt save a lot of time and even money by not buying an excess amount and either throwing them away or storing them. I believe a simple program would be to have multiple inputs of the size of the tile and the area needing to be covered. By having these two inputs, it would allow for a formula to be created of the area divided by the size of the tile in order to create an output of number of tiles. Because these tiles are perfectly square, the...
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...Operating System Resources The Operating system utilizes the resources in order to give a desired service. Part of those services also includes the management of memory and the input and output devices installed on the system. There are several components that even the most basic systems will have and they are processors, memory and I/O devices. (According to Stallings (2012), (p. Page 8, 9) The processor controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions. When there is only one processor, it is often referred to as the central processing unit (CPU). The main memory stores data and programs. This memory is typically volatile; that is, when the computer is shut down, the contents of the memory are lost. In contrast, the contents of disk memory are retained even when the computer system is shut down. Main memory is also referred to as real memory or primary memory. The I/O modules move data between the computer and its external environment. The external environment consists of a variety of devices, including secondary memory devices (e.g., disks), communications equipment, and terminals. And the system bus provides for communication among processors, main memory, and I/O modules. Memory Manager An intricate part of the OS is the memory manager; its main function is to manage the allocation of memory. According to "Basics of Computer" (2012), "The part of the operating system that manages memory is called the memory manager. Its job is to keep...
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...Additional Checkout Application Project Input-Process-Output Chart Input | Process | Output | Item_NumberItem_NameItem_priceItem_Quanity | Get User Input | Item_NumberItem_NameItem_priceItem_Quanity | Item_priceItem_Quanity | Compute Discount | Subtotal | Subtotal7.5% | Compute Tax | Tax | SubtotalTax | Compute Total | Total | SubtotalTotalTax | Display Subtotal and Total | SubtotalTotalTax | Main Module Main Module Display Total Display Total Compute Total Compute Total Compute Tax Compute Tax Compute Subtotal Compute Subtotal Compute Discount Compute Discount User Inputs User Inputs Application-Level Requirements List 1. Inputs 2. Compute Item Totals 3. Compute Discounts 4. Compute Subtotal 5. Compute Tax 6. Compute Totals 7. Display Total Flow Chart Start Start “What is the Item Number?” “What is the Item Number?” Item_Number Item_Number Question Question “Y” Tax=Subtotal*.075 Tax=Subtotal*.075 “N” “What is the Name of the Item?” “What is the Name of the Item?” Question “Y/N” Question “Y/N” Total=subtotal+tax Total=subtotal+tax Item_name Item_name “Subtotal:” Subtotal “Tax:” Tax “Total:” Total “Subtotal:” Subtotal “Tax:” Tax “Total:” Total “Is there more? Y/N" “Is there more? Y/N" “What is...
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...transfers memory a lot quicker than the processor itself. The processor must wait for the peripheral to respond in order to transfer any byte or words while the direct memory access directly has access and communicate with the peripheral to transfer the data. * What is the purpose and technique of DMA logic? Direct memory access allows some of the hardware sub-systems to access system memory independently of its CPU. Without direct memory access, when the CPU is using input/output programs, it is typically occupied by the full duration of the read or write operation, and it cannot perform other work. With direct memory access, the CPU can initiates the transfer and does other operations while the transfer is in progress, and will be interrupted by the controller of the direct memory access when the operation is completed. Direct memory access is useful when the CPU could not keep up with the data transfer rate, and while the CPU needs to perform other useful work while waiting for a slow input and output data transfer. Many hardware systems use direct memory access such as disk drive controllers, graphics cards, and network cards. Computers that have direct memory access channels can transfer data from or to devices with much less CPU overloading than computers without a direct memory...
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...0,0,0,0 getReady() while index < SIZE getNumbers() endwhile finishUp() stop getReady() index = 0 return getNumbers() output “Enter a number for position ”, index input numbers[index] index = index + 1 return finishUp() output “The numbers in reverse order are: ” while index > 0 index = index – 1 output numbers[index] endwhile return b. Modify the reverse-display program so that the user can enter up to 10 numbers until a sentinel value is entered. Answer: A sample solution follows Flowchart: Pseudocode: start Declarations num index num SIZE = 10 num numbers[SIZE] = 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 string CONTINUE = “Y” string moreNumbers = CONTINUE getReady() while index < SIZE AND moreNumbers equal to CONTINUE getNumbers() endwhile finishUp() stop getReady() index = 0 output “Do you want to enter a number? (Y/N)” input moreNumbers return getNumbers() output “Enter a number for position ”, index input numbers[index] index = index + 1 output “Do you want to enter more numbers? (Y/N)” input moreNumbers return finishUp() output “The numbers in reverse order are: ” while index > 0 index = index – 1 output numbers[index] endwhile return 2. a. Design the logic for a program that allows a user to enter 10 numbers, then displays each and its difference from...
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...Tiny Tots Toys but they do not know what to do with the factory after. They are thinking of refurbishing it and manufacturing novelty items. This is what happens in the business world; you buy and you sell, and once you get in trouble you try to bail out. In my opinion, the definition of a business is an entity that has three elements; inputs, processes, and outputs. Under ASC 805-10-55-4 “A business consists of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that have the ability to create outputs. Although businesses usually have outputs, outputs are not usually required for an integrated set to qualify as a business. The three elements of a business are defined as follows, an input is any economic resource that creates or has the ability to create, outputs when one or more processes are applied to it. An example of that would be long lived assets. A process is any system, standard, protocol, convention, or rules that when applied to input or inputs has the ability to create outputs. An example of that would be operational processes or resource management processes. An output is defined as the result of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that provide or have the ability to provide a return in the form of dividends, lowers costs, or other economic benefits directly to investors, owners, or other participants”(ASC 805-10-55-4). The acquisition of a business can either be a business acquisition or an asset acquisition. There are 4 steps to the acquisition method. According...
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...Computer Science and Engineering Digital Electronics & logic Design Laboratory Experiment No-1: Characteristics of AND, OR and NOT gates Objective: To verify the input and output relationships/characteristics of 2-input AND, OR and 1-input NOT gates. Required Instruments and ICs: 1. AT-700 Portable Analog/Digital Laboratory (or AT-800 Modular Lab, AT-701 Personal Lab) 2. 7404(NOT), 7408(AND), 7432(OR) Circuit Diagram: [pic] [pic][pic][pic] Procedure: Step 1: Find out correctly the input and output pin numbers of each gate. Step 2: Install the components of Fig 1-1 onto the breadboard of AT-700 and check properly the connections. Remember to connect each IC’s pin 14 to “+5V” of DC power supply of AT-700 and pin 7 to “GND”. Step 3: Connect the Data switches “0” and “1” to point A and B of fig. 1-1 respectively. Then connect 8 bit LED Display’s “0”, “1” and “2” to the output of point Y1, Y2 and Y3 of Fig. 1-1 respectively. The connection diagram is as follows. [pic] Step 4: Change Data Switches “0” and “1” between “0” and “1” position and observe the situation of 8 bit LED Display “0”, “1” and “2”. The LED is light that indicates the output is in the logic 1 condition. When LED is dark, it indicates that the output is in the logic 0 condition. Step 5: Record the results that you have observed into the truth table as follows. Truth Table 1-3 [pic] Discussion & Conclusion: (On the basis of...
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...involved much needed data at their fingertips. The use of systems at the church is beneficial in the fact that it frees church staff up to minister more to people by freeing them from the daunting task of manually compiling data. Evernote is a valuable system that allows many people to have information all at the same time. It allows for accountability as it shows every action that has been taken and tells you who performed that action. Fellowship One is a computer system that makes the functions of the church run smoothly. This system also allows members to search for different small groups through the church website. This system also makes several other processes at the church run much smoother and more quickly. Excel allows users to input an abundant amount of data into one location. This is a simple system to keep track of several different subjects in one easy to read report. You can have one spreadsheet with all the necessary information for different areas of ministry. The three systems above all work together in a bigger underlying system which is the churches system of accountability. As long as everyone involved in the ministry of the church use the above referenced systems, in the manner they are to be used, the church administration can hold themselves and anyone who takes part in ministering in the church accountable for their actions. The church is effective in helping its members by using these sets of...
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...Comparator A comparator is a circuit that accepts two voltages, V1 and V2 and outputs zero volts if V1 > V2 or outputs a positive voltage level if V2 > V1. Comparators can be built from operational amplifiers. In laments term, a comparator is the simplest circuit that moves signals between the analog and digital worlds… Simply put, a comparator compares two analog signals and produces a one bit digital signal. This is the symbol for a comparator * The comparator output satisfies the following rules: * When V+ is larger than V- the output bit is 1. * When V+ is smaller than V- the output bit is 0 A prime example of a simple comparator circuit can be found within a programmable thermostat. With two separate inputs, three outcomes are achievable at any given time. When the base input becomes lower than the variable, a signal will be sent to the thermostat to activate the cooling feature, and that circuitry will allow that function to occur until both the base and variable are once again equal. At that point, the air conditioner would shut off until further instructions were provided. If the variable electrical node provided less electrical power than the constant, a signal would be generated to inform the thermostat to activate the heating element. It would remain on until the variables changed once again. Each of these functions are pre-programmed to react differently as the values change, and the comparator circuit design interprets them by...
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...a printer and I do not need it all the time, it could be days if not weeks till I use it. Another may be a fax machine. I’m sure most homes don’t have them, unless you’re running some kind of business, but using it for day to day use is unlikely. Another might be a web cam, most people will use their cell phone to do a video call, or again if you were a big business I could see where you would need one. But for the average American I wouldn’t see the need for one. A modem is considered an I/O device because it would be your main source for data transfer. It’s how people communicate worldwide via e-mail, picture mail, paying bills the list goes on. Without a modem you couldn’t connect to the internet. A printer could be classified as an input device if it was an all in one printer, meaning a fax/scan/print machine. It has a lot of options with sending files to your computer, to printing out a paper, or by connecting it to a modem, you could fax important documents to someone five states...
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...What is the meaning behind Computer Input / Output Architecture and Organization? Input is the entering of data into a computer system, whereas output is the transferring of data to an external item, such as printer. “The input /output modules are the third critical element of a computer system. The CPU and Memory are the first and second most critical elements.” (C.A.O). “The computer system’s Input /Output architecture is its interface to the outside world. This architecture is designed to provide a systematic means of controlling interaction with the outside world and to provide the operating system with the information it needs to manage I/O activity effectively.” (C.O.A.L). There are three main techniques for I/O, which are Programmed, Interrupt-Driven, and Direct Memory Access (DMA). These three techniques are essential for I/O. The Programmed I/O happens under direct and continuous control of a program requesting the operation. The Interrupt-Driven is when a program issues a command and continues to execute, until it’s interrupted by the hardware to signal the end of the operations. Finally, the DMA is when a specialized processor takes over control of an operation to move a large block of data. All three play significant roles in the architecture of the I/O in a Computer. An organization will have to have a large inventory of assets for just the basic Input Devices, Output devices, and both Input/ Output Devices related to the architecture of a company. A company...
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...Abstract My understanding on IPOS (Input Output Processing Storage) A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, which can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules (process), produce results (output), and store the results (storage) for future use. The IPOS cycle happens every time you use a computer its stands for Input, processing, output and storage. These are the steps in the IPOS cycle. First input is entered into the computer through an input device, second, the CPU (Central Processing Unit) of the computer processes the information. Third the computer can output the information as a finished product or forth it can save it in storage for a later use. Output devices are continuously changing as technology advances. The IPOS cycle is the process the computer goes through to receive input, process the data, output a display of the results and storage store the information for a later use. An input device like a keyboard enters information into the computer. An output device like a monitor displays the results or information from the computer. Storage device act like an input/output device with the additional quality of saving data to use at a later date. Input is anything we wish to embed in a system for some type of use. It is any type of data or instruction used by a computer. It is the process of sending information to the computer’s CPU (central processing unit). Different...
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