...Amending Some Nepal Acts, 2064 2064.5.9 (26 August 2007) ACT NO. 18 OF THE YEAR 2063 (2006) An Act made to amend and consolidate the law relating to companies Preamble: Whereas, it is expedient to amend and consolidate the law relating to companies in order to bring about dynamism in the economic development of the country by promoting investment in the industry, trade and business sectors through economic liberalization and make the incorporation, operation and administration of companies much easier, simpler and more transparent; Now, therefore, be it enacted by the House of Representatives in the First Year of the issuance of the Proclamation of the House of Representatives, 2063 (2006). Chapter 1 PRELIMINARY 1. Short title and commencement: (1) This act may be called as the “Companies Act, 2063(2006)”. (2) This Act shall be deemed to have come into force on 20 Ashwin 2063 (6 October 2006). 2. Definitions: In this Act, unless the subject or the context otherwise requires, (a) “Company” means a company incorporated under this Act. 1 (b) “Private company” means a private company incorporated under this Act. (c) “Public company” means a company other than a private company. (d) “Holding company” means a company-having control over a subsidiary company. (e) “Subsidiary company” means a company controlled by a holding company. (f) “Foreign company” means a company incorporated outside Nepal. (g) ...
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...Legal Environment of Business in Bangladesh A Report On “Legal Environment of Business in Bangladesh” Course Title Legal Environment of Business Course Code LAW-234 Submitted to Abeer Khandker Lecturer Faculty of Business Administration ASA University Bangladesh Submitted by Name ID Hosnain Ahmed 092-12-0002 Riyadh Ahmed 092-12-0003 Mahmudul Hassan 092-12-0006 Tasmia Kamal 092-12-0017 Nafisa Halim 092-12-0021 Sanjida Akter 092-12-0024 Habiba Sultana 081-12-0220 Date of Submission: 20th April, 2011 Table of Contents Introduction 4 Legal Procedures to Starting a Business 5 Banking Companies 5 Financial Institutions 6 Legal Procedures to Continue a Business 7 Financial Institutions 7 Other Companies 9 Dealing with licenses 9 Employing workers 10 Registering property 10 Getting credit 11 Paying taxes 12 Protecting investors 13 Trading across borders 13 Enforcing contracts 14 Legal Procedures to Ending a Business 16 Banking Company 17 Financial Institutions 25 Summary of Indicators - Bangladesh 27 Conclusion 29 Reference 30 Introduction The Legal Environment of Business commences with the systems approach to management and an analysis of the relationship between law and ethics. The first module reviews the foundations...
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...2012 Doing business in a more transparent world C O M PA R I N G R E G U L AT I O N F O R D O M E S T I C F I R M S I N 1 8 3 E C O N O M I E S © 2012 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone 202-473-1000 Internet www.worldbank.org All rights reserved. 1 2 3 4 08 07 06 05 A copublication of The World Bank and the International Finance Corporation. This volume is a product of the staff of the World Bank Group. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818...
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...Need for export credit insurance | | Payments for exports are open to risks even at the best of times. The risks have assumed large proportions today due to the far-reaching political and economic changes that are sweeping the world. An outbreak of war or civil war may block or delay payment for goods exported. A coup or an insurrection may also bring about the same result. Economic difficulties or balance of payment problems may lead a country to impose restrictions on either import of certain goods or on transfer of payments for goods imported. In addition, the exporters have to face commercial risks of insolvency or protracted default of buyers. The commercial risks of a foreign buyer going bankrupt or losing his capacity to pay are aggravated due to the political and economic uncertainties. Export credit insurance is designed to protect exporters from the consequences of the payment risks, both political and commercial, and to enable them to expand their overseas business without fear of loss. | At the same time one has to understand the limitations of SMEs, which are: • Low Capital base • Concentration of functions in one / two persons • Inadequate exposure to international environment • Inability to face impact of WTO regime • Inadequate contribution towards R & D • Lack of professionalism GENERAL FINDINGS OF FIELD SURVEY OF SMALL & MEDIUM INDUSTRIES / ENTERPRISES The study that was undertaken by contacting 23 small and medium scale industries from...
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...Saturday, June 16, 2007 Concubinage Meaning: Commonly refers to a relationship between a man (usually of higher social status) and a woman, where the man has an “official” wife, and possibly more than one concubine. Concubines had limited rights though any children are acknowledged, though their status is second to that of children born unto the “official” wife. Concubinage was usually an “exclusive” arrangement between two parties. Biblical: With the tolerance of polygamy, a concubine was only defined in terms of her disparity in position or rank with the principal wife. A legitimate spouse, of an inferior social grade or a bondwoman, is often given the appellation of concubine. This term did not invalidate her marriage, it did, however, indicate that she was not equal to her husband in rank, nor did she share in her husband’s property or in the administration of his household. From Genesis 21:9-14, we see that the dismissal of a concubine and of her children was permissible. Ancient Greece: Concubines were permitted in ancient Greece and their children were legitimate if recognized by their fathers. Roman Empire: A concubine was recognized by law in the absence of a legal wife. She was usually from a lower social rank than her husband, and her children, though not considered the equals of those of the legal wife (uxor) were nevertheless termed natural (naturales) to distinguish them from spurious offsprings (spurii). The father of these children was required...
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...1. Introduction 1.1 From the dawn of human civilization, we, human being are directly or indirectly dependent to each other. For our better living, we created family, then formed group/society, then country and international community. Each individual, each family, each group and each country are dependent on each other by some means. For the easy exchange of dependency, people introduced business. “Business is defined as the exchange of goods, services or money for mutual benefit or profit.” (Skinner and Ivanncevich, 1992, p.8) The organizations that involve in profit making activities are called business organizations. Business may be trade, commerce or industry. To make business organized, it must be governed by some rules and regulations which we call business laws. Each country has independent business laws. Business organizations must operate within the boundaries of laws and government regulations. 1.2 Laws have been developed not only to protect consumers but also to preserve competition. Government agencies enforce these laws at the federal, state, and local levels. Business firms that do not comply with the laws face fines and other penalties. 2. Aim The aim of this assignment is to give a general idea regarding the laws that affect business. 3. Scope In this assignment I have limited my focus on the laws of Bangladesh that affect business. However, I have also focused on some of the laws of USA, UK and India those affect business but not yet clearly...
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...CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Introduction This chapter reviews literature related to this study. This was done with the expectation that relevant information would be obtained to help shape and enrich the study, knowledge of what has been done on this topic is important in helping to clarify issues. The following topics were reviewed for the study; definition of loan, definition of SME, general principles of lending, loan monitoring and control, access to credit as well as repayment performance: theory and practice. 2.1 Definition of loan A loan is a type of debt like all debt instruments, a loan entrails the redistribution of financial assets over time, between the lender and the borrower. The borrower initially receives an amount of money from the lender which they pay back, using but not always in regular installment. Types of loans There are many different types of loans you can take out. When you are looking to borrow money, it’s important that you know your options. i. Open-ended loans: they are loans that you can borrow over and over again. Credit cards and lines of credit are the most common types of open-ended loans. With both of these loans, you have a credit limit that you can purchase against. Each time you make a purchase, your available credit decreases. As you make payments, your available increases allowing you to use the same credit over and over. ii. Closed-ended loans: this cannot be borrowed once they have been repaid. As you make payments on...
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...European Scientific Journal January 2013 edition vol.9, No.1 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 AGRICULTURE FINANCING AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA Obansa S. A. J. Departments of Economics University of Abuja I. M. Maduekwe Departments of Economics and Agric. Economics Department University of Abuja Abstract The importance of agricultural surplus for the structural transformation accompanying economic growth is often stressed by development economists. This lead to the question: Does agriculture financing matters in the growth process? To this end, the need to investigate the impact of agriculture financing on economic growth appears more imperative for Nigeria. This paper employed secondary data and some econometric techniques such as Ordinary Least Square (OLS); Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test; Granger Causality test. The results of the various models used suggest that there is bidirectional causality between economic growth and agriculture financing; and there is bidirectional causality between economic growth and agricultural growth. It further suggests that productivity of investment will be more appropriately financed with foreign direct private loan, share capital, foreign direct investment and development stocks. And also capital-output ratio will be more appropriate financed with multilateral loan, domestic savings, Treasury bill, official development assistant, foreign direct investment and development stock. It is recommended that maintenance...
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...HABIB BANK LIMITED UNCONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2012 2012 2011 (US $ in '000) ASSETS 1,567,935 246,090 255,567 7,999,874 4,735,688 218,067 59,120 541,385 15,623,726 1,061,044 360,123 428,010 4,116,734 4,284,742 176,092 71,614 452,305 10,950,664 Cash and balances with treasury banks Balances with other banks Lendings to financial institutions Investments Advances Operating fixed assets Deferred tax asset Other assets LIABILITIES 194,325 1,977,449 11,746,459 50,000 393,435 14,361,668 1,262,058 143,022 347,041 9,009,895 50,000 356,395 9,906,353 Bills payable Borrowings Deposits and other accounts Sub-ordinated loans Liabilities against assets subject to finance lease Deferred tax liability Other liabilities 13 14 15 16 17 18,878,652 192,108,597 1,141,164,975 4,857,485 38,221,804 1,395,231,513 122,608,652 13,894,502 33,714,904 875,308,597 4,497,285 34,983,770 962,399,058 101,454,590 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 152,324,425 23,907,534 24,828,255 777,185,323 460,070,634 21,185,101 5,743,464 52,595,429 1,517,840,165 103,080,076 34,985,809 41,581,029 399,939,469 416,261,389 17,107,263 6,957,290 43,941,323 1,063,853,648 Note 2012 2011 (Rupees in '000) 1,044,311 NET ASSETS REPRESENTED BY: 124,784 374,036 639,514 1,138,334 123,724 1,262,058 Shareholders' equity 113,440 Share capital 310,898 Reserves 537,610 Unappropriated profit 961,948 82,363 Surplus on revaluation of assets - net of deferred tax 1,044,311 CONTINGENCIES AND COMMITMENTS 18 12,122...
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...How We Know What Isn't So The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life Thomas Gilovich THE FREE PRESS A Division of Macmillan, Inc. NEW YORK To Karen and liana Contents Acknowledgments 1. Introduction vn 1 PART ONE Cognitive Determinants of Questionable Beliefs 2. Something Out of Nothing: The Misperception and Misinterpretation of Random Data 3. Too Much from Too Little: The Misinterpretation of Incomplete and Unrepresentative Data 4. Seeing What We Expect to See: The Biased Evaluation of Ambiguous and Inconsistent Data 9 29 49 PART TWO Motivational and Social Determinants of Questionable Beliefs 5. Seeing What We Want to See: Motivational Determinants of Belief 6. Believing What We are Told: The Biasing Effects of Secondhand Information 7. The Imagined Agreement of Others: Exaggerated Impressions of Social Support 75 88 112 Contents PART THREE Examples of Questionable and Erroneous Beliefs 8. Belief in Ineffective "Alternative" Health Practices 9. Belief in the Effectiveness of Questionable Interpersonal Strategies 10. Belief in ESP 125 146 Acknowledgments 156 PART FOUR Where Do We Go from Here? 11. Challenging Dubious Beliefs: The Role of Social Science Notes Index 185 195 214 Four people made unusually significant contributions to this work and deserve special thanks. Lee Ross commented on drafts of many of the chapters and provided a number of his uniquely...
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...An Internship Report On “Financial Performance Analysis of Uttara Bank Limited” (Maijdee Court Branch, Noakhali) A study based on Uttara Bank Limited "Nourished by the age old heritage of Bengal” [pic] Comilla University An Internship Report On “Financial Performance Analysis of Uttara Bank Limited” An Internship Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Supervised By Shamem Ara Mili Assistant Professor Department of Accounting & Information Systems Faculty of Business Administration & Management Studies Comilla University . Submitted By Trina Saha Class Roll: 03; Exam Roll: 0806003 Batch: BBA (3rd Batch); Session: 2008-2009 Department of Accounting & Information Systems Comilla University Date of Submission: 10.08.2014 Dedication Letter of Transmittal August 10, 2014 Shamem Ara Mili Assistant Professor, Department of Accounting & Information Systems Comilla University, Comilla. Subject: Submission of the Internship Report. Dear Madam, With due respect, I would like to inform you that, I am Trina Saha bearing student ID: 0806003, a student of Department of Accounting & Information Systems have completed my 3 (Three) month internship at the Uttara Bank Ltd, Maijdee Court Branch under your supervision. It is my great pleasure to inform you that I have the opportunity to submit an internship...
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...Annual report 2013 Looking forward to the future Dear Fellow Stockholder, move ahead of our peers. This unique culture allows us to attract and keep the best leaders and talent because it provides opportunities to grow and take on new challenges. That spirit will remain a cornerstone for us, to the benefit of our viewers, colleagues and investors. Shareholders of 21st Century Fox will see value driven by a commitment to bring consumers across the globe the very best stories in film and television, the greatest moments in sports, unrivaled TV news coverage, and an array of satellite products and services that deliver Rupert Murdoch, Chairman & Chief Executive Officer, 21st Century Fox the world like never before. Our potential to expand our franchises outside the U.S. is limitless, and, with many international markets still in their infancy, largely untapped. It is through this lens – dynamic content, global reach and entrepreneurial culture – that we view both the foundation and future of 21st Century Fox. While I’m not one to look back, the past 12 months have made me especially proud. At the same time, our prospects for the next 12 months and beyond are as bright as ever. The following review of our cable business, sports programming, broadcast network, film and television assets and satellite services is a snapshot of the strong foundation we have built over the years, which will serve us well as we focus on the opportunities that lie ahead. Business Segment Overview...
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...Financial Highlights (In millions, except for per share amounts) Year-end 2011 2010 % B/(W) change Company sales Franchise and license fees and income Total revenues Operating Profit Net Income – Yum! Brands, Inc. Diluted Earnings Per Common Share before Special Items Special Items Earnings Per Common Share (a) (a) $ 10,893 1,733 $ 12,626 $ $ $ $ $ 1,815 1,319 2.87 (0.13) 2.74 2,170 $ 9,783 1,560 11 11 11 3 14 14 NM 15 10 $ 11,343 $ $ $ $ $ 1,769 1,158 2.53 (0.15) 2.38 1,968 Reported Diluted Earnings Per Common Share Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities (a) See page 23 of our 2011 Form 10-K for further discussion of Special Items. Contents Dear Partners..................................................................................... 1 China and A Whole Lot More .......................................................2–5 Improving US Brand Positions .................................................... 6-7 Core Strategies ...................................................................................... 8 Business Model...................................................................................... 9 Taking People With You ..................................................................... 10 ABOUT THE PAPER USED FOR THIS REPORT The inks used in the printing of this report contain an average of 25% - 35% vegetable oils from plant derivatives, a renewable resource. They replace petroleum based inks as an effort to also reduce...
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...IMF Country Report No. 15/58 MALAYSIA March 2015 2014 ARTICLE IV CONSULTATION—STAFF REPORT; PRESS RELEASE; AND STATEMENT BY THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FOR MALAYSIA Under Article IV of the IMF’s Articles of Agreement, the IMF holds bilateral discussions with members, usually every year. In the context of the 2014 Article IV consultation with Malaysia, the following documents have been released and are included in this package: The Staff Report prepared by a staff team of the IMF for the Executive Board’s consideration on February 13, 2015, following discussions that ended on November 24, 2014, with the officials of Malaysia on economic developments and policies. Based on information available at the time of these discussions, the staff report was completed on January 23, 2015. An Informational Annex prepared by the IMF. A Press Release summarizing the views of the Executive Board as expressed during its February 13, 2015 consideration of the staff report that concluded the Article IV consultation with Malaysia. A Statement by the Executive Director for Malaysia. The document listed below has been or will be separately released. Selected Issues Paper The policy of publication of staff reports and other documents allows for the deletion of market-sensitive information. Copies of this report are available to the public from International Monetary Fund Publication Services PO Box 92780 Washington, D.C. 20090 Telephone: (202)...
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...12:06 Page 1 WOMEN, GENDER AND WORK People are not defined solely by their work, nor is it possible to ignore the effects of factors outside the workplace on a person's status at work. To seek equality at work without seeking equality in the larger society – and at home – is illusory.Thus an examination of the issues surrounding women, gender and work must be holistic. That means considering the role of productive work in life as a whole and the distribution of unpaid work as well as the myriad questions relating to employment. This important anthology brings together the thinking of leading philosophers, economists and lawyers on this complex subject. Selected recent articles from the multidisciplinary International Labour Review are assembled for the first time to illuminate questions such as how we should define equality, what equal opportunity means and what statistics tell us about differences between men and women at work, how the family confronts globalization and what is the role of law in achieving equality. There is an examination of policy – to deal with sexual harassment and wage inequality, for example, as well as part-time work, the glass ceiling, social security, and much more. A major reference on the best of current research and analysis on gender roles and work. Martha Fetherolf Loutfi has been Editor-in-Chief of the International Labour Review, a Senior Economist for the Brandt Commission and in the ILO’s Employment and Development...
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