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Institutional Analysis

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Submitted By valkyrie1689
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Introduction:
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is the world's only sovereign city-state that is also an island country. The country is highly urbanised and is considered fourth leading financial centres in the world. It is an international trade hub due to which it has one of the busiest ports in the world. In league with the highly free and developed countries, it is considered one of the Four Asian Tigers along with Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, and boasts third highest per capita income in the world. This paper explores various factors that made Singapore one of the greatest economic success stories post 1965.
Current Economic Performance-Competitiveness:
The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Singapore was last recorded at 53266.08 US dollars in 2012, when adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP). The GDP per Capita, in Singapore, when adjusted by Purchasing Power Parity is equivalent to 242 percent of the world's average. The acceleration in the quarter-on-quarter growth momentum was mainly due to robust growth in the manufacturing, wholesale & retail trade, transportation & storage, and finance & insurance sectors. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Singapore contracted 1 percent in the third quarter of 2013 over the previous quarter. The inflation rate in Singapore was recorded at 1.60 percent in September of 2013. Unemployment Rate in Singapore decreased to 1.80 percent in the third quarter of 2013 from 2.10 percent in the second quarter of 2013. Unemployment Rate in Singapore is reported by the Ministry of Manpower Singapore. Based on the information from the World Investment Report of 2012, Singapore economy has benefitted from the high absolute inflows of various Foreign Direct Investments mainly because of the favourable with high absolute inflows because of their attractive investment climates and the important “hinterlands” for which they act as gateways, and with outsized inflows relative to the size of their economies. Singapore had a FDI inflow of $64 billion in 2012 which was an increase compared to last year. Singapore is in the top 1 quartile in the FDI attraction index versus FDI Potential Index matrix which is in line with expectations.
Singapore ranks 2nd overall for the third consecutive year, owing to an outstanding performance across all the dimensions of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI 2013-2014 Report). Again this year, it is the only economy to feature in the top 3 of seven out of the 12 pillars of the GCI. It also appears in the top 10 of two others. It dominates the goods market efficiency pillar and the labour market efficiency pillar, and places 2nd in the financial market development pillar. Furthermore, the city-state boasts one of the world’s best institutional frameworks (3rd). Singapore also possesses world-class infrastructure (2nd), with excellent roads, ports, and air transport facilities. Its economy can also rely on a sound macroeconomic environment and fiscal management (18th)—the budget surplus amounted to 5.7 percent of GDP in 2012. Singapore’s competitiveness is further enhanced by its strong focus on education, which has translated into a steady improvement of its ranking in the higher education and training pillar, where it comes in 2nd, behind Finland. Singapore’s private sector is also becoming increasingly sophisticated (17th) and more innovative (9th), although room for improvement exists in both areas, which are the keys to Singapore’s future prosperity.

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