...INT1 Task 3 Amber Leverett Student ID# 000310556 000310556000310556 How does volume affect boiling time in water? By Amber N Leverett Project Design Plan With boiling water being a part of most everyday life, the time it takes to boil a certain volume is information that just about everyone wants to know. Most people believe that if you double the volume of water, you will also double the time it takes it to come to a rolling boil. Let’s see just how true that is. How does the volume of water affect how long it takes to come to a rolling boil? Literature Review According to whatscookingmerica.net, there are many things that could affect the boiling point of water. A few of them include; salt, hard water, and different sized pans. By adding salt to your water, you will minimize the amount of time it will take to boil that pot of water (Stradley, 2004). If you have hard water, the pot of water will come to a boil at a higher temperature (Stradley, 2004). Using different sized pots to boil water will cause the water to come to a boil at different temperatures. A tall, narrow pot will boil at a higher temperature than a short, wide pot due to the water in the tall pot being under greater pressure (Stradley, 2004). In the science fair project, the experimenter was researching what affects the boiling point of water (2014). He/she used four different types of variables to test the hypothesis. The variables were different amounts of water, different types of heating devices...
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...INT1 Task 3 Does the salinity of water effect the amount of time it takes to boil? Project Design Plan The normal boiling point of water is 100°C (Bodner research Web, n.d.). Salt is considered to be a non-volatile soluble substance and in turn is supposed to increase the temperature at which the water boils Southwest Research institute, 2014). Chefs have thought for ages that adding salt to water would increase the boiling time. A higher boiling temperature should increase boiling times although displacing water with salt reduces the volume of water to boil. Literature Review The boiling point of a liquid is the point at which the liquid transition to a gas. Once the boiling point is reached the temperature remains constant until all of the liquid has changed state to a gas (Bodner Research Web, n.d). Salt water has a higher boiling point than plain water. It takes less energy to increase the temperature of salt water by 1°C than it does for regular water. The heat capacity of dissolved salt is almost zero so displacing regular water with salt water lowers the amount of time to heat the same capacities of water because of the displaced water volume by the salt (Southwest Research Institute, 2014). There have been many experiments on the subject of salt water and boiling times. Typically these experiments have been incorrectly done as simply adding salt to identical volumes of water has almost zero effect on the boiling times or temperature. The correct way to...
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...INT1 Task 3 Do more expensive paper towels absorb more water than less expensive products? By: Gregory M. Herrin Project design Plan When consumers are in the store to purchase paper towels, there are numerous options and brands to choose from; all claiming to be the best product with the most absorbency. How does a consumer choose the best option for the best price? The goal of this experiment will be to determine if higher priced paper towels are more absorbent than the less expensive paper towels on the market. Four relatively common brands will be tested for their water absorbency: Viva ($0.049/square foot), Bounty ($0.046/square foot), Brawny ($0.044/square foot) and Sparkle ($0.024/square foot). Ultimately, the experiment should show which of the commonly used household paper towels is more water absorbent and if price equals value for these products. Literature Review A number of experiments have been completed to demonstrate and/or test the absorbency of paper towels. Len Penzo dot Com, a personal finance blog, completed an experiment on which brand of paper towel was the best value. They tested six different brands of paper towels for absorbency and scrub strength: Sparkle, Bounty, Bounty Basic, Scott, Shoppers Value, Viva and Kirkland Signature. To measure the absorbency, the paper towels were dipped into glasses of water until saturated and then the water squeezed from the towels was measured. To measure the scrub strength, the towels were wrapped...
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...INT1 Task 1 Western Governors University We all easily recognize beer and wine and many of us consume these products in a responsible manner. What most people don’t recognize is the science that goes into the making of adult, alcoholic beverages and the history of the ‘behind the scenes’ science that goes into making these products. Scientific knowledge grows at an exponential rate, and nowhere is this more evident than in the historical milestones of chemistry and biology that have shaped our understanding of the microorganisms that cause fermentation. The most important microorganism involved in brewing is yeast and yeast has been integral to pioneering work in the fields of metabolism and eznymology (Chambers & Pretorius, 2010). What we’ve learned and now understand about yeast: For several millennia man has used yeast for baking bread and making alcoholic beverages although before the microscope these people did not understand what yeast was or why it worked. In 1857 Louis Pasteur proved that fermentation was cause by living organisms, in this case the organisms were yeast (http://exploreyeast.com). Through Pasteur proving that yeast was a living organism mankind began to understand the carbon dioxide emitted by the yeast caused dough to rise. Pasteur proved that chemical reactions of yeast and sugar caused the formation of alcohol (http://allaboutscience.org/louis-pasteur-faq.htm). Through genetic modification, yeast used to make wine can now be engineered to...
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...Task: A. Create a multimedia presentation (e.g. PowerPoint, Keynote) (suggested length of 6–8 slides) that introduces and describes your chosen ecosystem, analyzes the impact of human activity on the ecosystem, and provides guidelines to help preserve your chosen ecosystem. Do the following in your presentation: 1. Describe the specific ecosystem that you have selected by doing the following: a. Identify the specific geographic location of the ecosystem. Note: You can use maps, written description of location, and latitude/longitude to provide the location of the ecosystem. b. Explain the major biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem. 2. Discuss the impact that humans currently have on the specified ecosystem. 3. Predict the effect of future human impact on the specified ecosystem. 4. Provide guidelines regarding human activities that will aid in preserving the specified ecosystem. B. If you choose to use outside sources, include all in-text citations and references in APA format. for Reference: Map of Chernobyl retrived from http://www.greenfacts.org/en/chernobyl/figtableboxes/map-chernobyl.htm The novel emphasizes that the "dead zone" around Chernobyl is actually rich in plant- and wildlife (which have tolerance levels for radiation different than humans). In this area, wild animals such as wolves have not only flourished in the absence of human activity, but have no fear of the humans they do encounter. http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/chernobyl-bg...
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...(Hammons,2010) Joshua Tree National Park Park INT1 Task 2 By Kelly Jones Geography Joshua Tree National Park is located in southern California. It is positioned just east of Palm Springs and west of the Colorado River. You will find both the Mojave Desert and the Colorado Desert located here. (National Park Service, n.d., a) Biotic Components Animals Bighorn Sheep Kit Fox Red-spotted Toad Elf Owl (National Park Service, n.d., B) Plants Joshua Tree Silver cholla Hedgehog Cactus Grizzlybear PricklyPear (National Park Service, n.d., C) Abiotic Components At Joshua Tree National Park the land has been characterized by extreme climatic changes. There are torrential rains, cool nights and dry days. Rainfall is seldom and unpredictable. Streambeds are usually dry and there are only a few waterholes. The area has two distinct seasons, summer and winter. Temperatures can get as high as 130 degrees fahrenheit in the summer, and below 0 degrees fahrenheit in the winter time. The low desert called the Colorado goes up to 3,000 feet. The higher desert called the Mojave goes up to nearly 6,000 feet. (National Park Service, n.d., D) Current Human Impact " ● ● ● The spread of non-native plants that have been made possible by visitors to the park have caused habitat destruction. This not only displaces native plants, but also increases the risk of fire. Recreational use of off-road vehicles like motorcycles and ...
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...Integrated Natural Science (INT1) Task 1 The Changing Nature Of Science Evolution Evolution :- All living beings have developed over time from ancestors through a series of changes. That life has changed over long periods of time, with all forms of life related to one another, is a scientifically well-established fact. There are two aspects of evolution today. First, evolution is the organizing principle for all of biology. Just as we are offspring from our parents, and our grandparents before them, and so on, all living organisms today are inclined from organisms that lived in the past. Understanding how and why these ancestor-descendent lineages have changed through time helps us appreciate the diversity of life we see today. Genetics, anatomy, physiology, neurology, morphology, and behavior all of these aspects of living organisms have evolved through time. The study of the evolutionary processes that produced these traits provides the comprehensive framework for understanding them. Theory Of Evolution Evolution Theory: - Evolution is technically defined as: "a gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex or better form." As it is most famously used, "evolution" is the process by which an organism becomes more sophisticated over time and in response to its environment. The Theory of Evolution is currently the most popular concept of how life reached its current state. Evolution as a biological mechanism is driven by natural...
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...Project Design Plan There are many times and reasons when a person wants a cold drink, but sometimes a cold drink is nowhere to be found. When this happens, you are presented with the option of drinking your drink at room temperature, or finding a solution to cool it down in a timely manner. Most people resort to throwing their drink in the freezer for a half an hour or so in order to cool it to an acceptable level. However, is that the best and most efficient method of cooling a drink down quickly? Is it even more efficient than putting it in the refrigerator? I intend to test to find out. Hypothesis: I suspect that the refrigerator and freezer are not the most efficient ways to quickly cool a drink. Both the refrigerator and freezer cool through convection, and I believe conduction will prove to be a more effective cooling method. As such, I will test both the refridgerator and freezer, as well as several variations of ice baths.I believe that an ice/water/salt bath will provide the best results, because it will provide for the most conductive area, and will also have the lowest conductive agent temperature, because the addition of salt will lower the freezing point of the ice/water solution, allowing the solution to get a few degrees colder than the standard ice/water solution. Experimental Design: To test the above questions, I intend to test a solution (in this case, simple bottled water) in a variety of different...
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...Global Warming and Hurricane Katrina INT 1- Task 1 What is Global Warming? — Global Warming is the rise in temperatures we are currently experiencing on this planet. It is projected to continue with devastating effects on the environment. — Since 1880 the average temperature around the world has risen 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit. (NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies) — The 1980’s and 1990’s were the hottest decades in the last 400 according to a number of climate studies — The beginning of the Industrial Age marked the beginning of the phenomenon. — Fossil Fuels and other industrial bi-products are to blame (National Geographic News, 2007) What causes Global Warming? — The Greenhouse Effect is a natural process where the atmosphere traps the energy of the Sun in order to heat the earth to livable conditions. — Without this process the planet would be too cold to inhabit — The process has been amplified by the increase in Greenhouse gases — Greenhouse Gases — Greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and others — They are collecting in the troposphere (the layer of our atmosphere where weather occurs) due to: — The burning of fossil fuels such coal and oil in our homes, cars and industries — Deforestation is causing a decrease in oxygen which will increase carbon dioxide — Human made chlorofluorocarbons in aerosols make an impact as well because of the chlorine they release into the atmosphere ...
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...Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes. Tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturi, meaning treeless plain. It is noted for its frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons. Dead organic material functions as nutrient pool. The two major nutrients are nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen is created by biological fixation, and phosphorus is created by precipitation. Characteristics of tundra include: 1. Extremely cold climate 2. Low biotic diversity 3. Simple vegetation structure 4. Limitation of drainage 5. Short season of growth and reproduction 6. Energy and nutrients in the form of dead organic material 7. Large population oscillations Tundra is separated into two types: Arctic tundra Alpine tundra Tundra along the Colville River, Alaska. Arctic tundra From left: tundra near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada; tundra in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. Arctic tundra is located in the northern hemisphere, encircling the north pole and extending south to the coniferous forests of the taiga. The arctic is known for its cold, desert-like conditions. The growing season ranges from 50 to 60 days. The average winter temperature is -34° C (-30° F), but the average summer temperature is 3-12° C (37-54° F) which enables this biome to sustain life. Rainfall may vary in different regions of the arctic. Yearly precipitation, including melting snow, is 15 to 25 cm (6 to...
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...INT Task 3 Does Salt make Ice melt Faster? Project Plan Salt is known to be used on icy roads in certain areas of the country in the winter season to help clear roadways to make them safer for travel. Salt causes a reaction that lowers the freezing point of water. In this experiment we will test this method of applying salt to ice to see if for certain this is true, and how much faster the salt melts if so. In this experiment, the Independent Variable will be adding Salt to the ice and the Dependent variable will be the time it takes the ice to melt. The Plan is to use two ice cubes in separate containers, and add ice to only one of these. Each will be timed and observed for the duration it takes both to melt, and data will be collected throughout. At the end of the experiment, enough information will be gathered to confirm whether adding salt to ice in turn makes it melt faster, and how much faster this occurs versus adding nothing to ice. This will prove or disprove the benefit of using salt on roads to help make ice melt faster. Literature Review Many experiments have been done to test what makes Ice melt faster. Some of these included one or many different additives such as: Table Salt, Sugar, Pepper, Rock Salt. In these studies Salt prevailed as the one ingredient that would speed the melting time of Ice significantly versus adding nothing, or another substance such as sugar. (Nina DeSales, 2014). In one study Salt was added to ice water. This was done to show...
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...PURPOSE The purpose of my experiment is to determine the effect of acid rain on seed germination. I chose this idea for a project because I have heard that acid rain is becoming a more prominent factor, around the world, due to pollution. I see reports of this in books and websites I've visited, as well as news articles I have read. LITERATURE REVIEW http://www.selah.k12.wa.us/soar/sciproj99/CodySciProj.html The germination test results from glass labeled “Trial 1” (100% water), and “Trial 5” (highest acid content) showed an 11% difference. The more acid contained in the water resulted in less seeds germinating. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15859434 Rice, wheat and rape seeds were treated with simulated acid rain at pH 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 5.0 levels for 7 days in order to understand the effects of acid rain on seed germination of various acid-fast plants. The germination test showed that seed germination was absolutely inhibited at pH 2.0 for three species. Rice and wheat seeds germinated abnormally at pH 2.5. When pH values above 3.0, percentage germination, germination energy, germination index, vigor index of rice, wheat and rape seeds increased in relation with decreased acidity levels. In contrast, the percentage of abnormal germination of rice and wheat decreased. The experiment data about physiological aspect demonstrated that water absorption rate, respiratory rate and storage reserve transformation rate of rice, wheat and rape seeds also increased...
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...The Florida Everglades Tasks 1a. Identify the specific geographic location. The Florida Everglades are located near the southern tip of Florida. This land is a "watershed" that originates near Orlando at the Kissimmee River and flows to the Gulf of Mexico. The Everglades are actually a slow moving river that can reach up to 60 miles wide and 100 miles long, yet is only 6 in. deep in some areas. The name "Everglades" was originally penned by author Marjorie Stoneman Douglas in 1947 when the book "Everglades: River of Grass" was published. (PERHAPS DEFINING MORE DO THE EVERGLADS REACH THE GULF OF MEXICO ON THE WEST OR THE ATLANTIC ON THE EAST. HOW MANY MILES FROM THE COAST LINE ARE THEY? ALSO ARE BOOKS UNDERLINED? B. explain the major biotic and abiotic components of the system. The are many unique species that inhabit the Everglades. Mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds and plants all make up the diverse ecosystem that the Everglades is known for. Many of the organisms located in the Everglades are indigenous to the area, while some have migrated from other regions. The Everglades are the only area where alligators and crocodiles co-exist. Many other freshwater and saltwater animals are found in the Everglades. Some examples of the animal life are the raccoon, white-tailed deer, river otter, and the Atlantic bottle nose dolphin. Plant life in the Everglades is as diverse as the animal life owing to the concentrations of fertile soil and extreme...
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...Scientific Experiment: Growth Rate of Mealworms xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx Integrated Natural Science Applications Problem Statement The growth of organisms is influenced by proper rearing conditions determined by temperature, light, air, and moisture (Lawson, 2001). However, literature indicates that mealworms are unlike most organisms as they are the second phase of development of the beetle. The beetle is an insect with grows and develops in four stages to reach complete metamorphosis from egg, larva, pupa, and adult (Schaffer, 2003). This research carries out a scientific experiment to identify the growth rate of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio Molitor. The goal of the experiment will be to map out the rate of development of the beetle in its second life cycle in different conditions. The research will try to solve the following research questions: 1. What is the rate of growth of mealworms? 2. To what extent does temperature affect the rate of growth of mealworms? 3. To what extent does light, affect the rate of growth of mealworms? Relevance of Testable Question The research questions identified assist in identifying the research variables that will be tested. They also define the scope and extent of the study and determine the extent of the scientific research. Therefore, from the research questions the variables are rate of growth, temperature, time, and light. Literature Review Mealworms are the second stage of development of insects whose growth...
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...Science Experiment Topic Ideas List Below are some topic ideas for the science experiment task. You do not have to choose one of the below topics (you can if you would like); these topic ideas (below) are here to help with ideas for this task. Remember when planning your science experiment, formulating your specific testable question, and laying out variables (as in section A3 of the task), you must have quantitative data (data in numbers) as opposed to qualitative/descriptive/subjective data. For this task, your dependent variable (what you measure) must be quantitative (numeric) in nature. NOTE: If you choose to do a life science experiment involving an organism (living thing), the experiment must not involve any vertebrate organism; (Vertebrates are animals with a backbone- this includes: mammals-such as humans, dogs, cats, horses, mice; vertebrates also include: birds; fish; reptiles; amphibians). Science Experiment Topic Ideas: · Seed germination · Plant growth · Activity of ants · Food preference of insects · Habitat preference of invertebrates · Habitat use of invertebrates—ie pollinators in the garden · Movement of earthworms-- ie preference light vs dark · Movement of insects, ie distance or time – ie beetles, dragonflies, moths, etc · Flower color preference for butterflies · Growth rates of insects- such as mealworms · Microorganisms in water samples · Microorganisms in varying yogurt brands · Effectiveness of antimicrobial disinfectants...
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