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中國工業工程學會九十年度年會暨學術研討會,高雄,民國九十年十二月八日
整合企業流程與物件導向分析方法於工程變更與物料需求之查詢系統
歐陽超* 黃群賀** 鄭宇雄*** 羅盛雄***
*國立台灣科技大學工業管理系
**國立台灣科技大學工程技術研究所自動化與控制學程
***財團法人中衛發展中心電子商務部
ouyang@im.ntust.edu.tw

解決這個複雜的問題。

摘要
在目前大多以顧客需求導向環境中,發生工

2.文獻探討

程變更是無法避免的。生產製造作業能否順利進
行,唯有將物料需求計劃系統與產品資料管理系統

工程變更(Engineering Change)主要目標就

作整合,解決傳統工程變更的問題,提升工程變更

是針對產品、零組件材料製程、組裝順序做出變更

的效率。本研究之主要目的是將產品資料管理與物

修正,以使其在生產製造過程更有效率,或者滿足

料需求計劃之整合流程元件化以達到提升工程變

顧客的要求。但是頻繁過多的的工程變更會導致排

更的效率。

程計畫上的不穩定性而造成生產效率降低,而因工

本研究在建構模型系統方面,係以產品資料

程變更所引起的零件變更版本的型態管理也會造

管理及物料需求計畫為背景,採用企業流程塑模工

成產品資料庫管理上的問題出現,要如何對零件變

具對產品資料管理與物料需求計劃之整合流程建

更版本作有效的型態管理,使得工程變更的流程合

構模型,並配合利用代物件導向技術---統一模式化

理化、標準化,以提升工程變更的管理效率,正是

語言
(UML,Unified Modeling Language)
作為工具,

我們所需探討的課題。

將產品資料管理與物料需求計劃之整合流程模型

Ho 認為工程變更在製造工廠中為了保持競

轉換成 UML 模型,分析工程變更流程中的元件,

爭力、增加生產力所無法避免且需要的過程[1]。同

從分析結果中建構產品資料管理與物料需求計劃

時頻繁的工程變更是導致物料需求規劃系統績效

整合系統模組,使設計變更順利進行,提高生產系

惡化的主要因素之一,因為工程變更所引起的物料

統執行效率。

表更動,會使得物料表內所有階層下的元件及其他

關鍵字:產品資料管理、物料需求計劃、工程變更

使用相同零件的產品均會影響到物料需求系統的
展開。因此,減少不必要的工程變更對於整個企業
的發展是相當重要的。

1.研究背景與動機
在企業內繁雜的產品相關文件資料,產品資

工程變更對工程活動及相關資訊影響非常的

料管理(Product Data Management,PDM)系統將產品

大,工程變更的成因可以分為兩方面來探討,第一

資訊透過電腦化作有效的系統性的控制管理 PDM


為企業製造者反應所產生的內在因素如產品重大

管理範圍包含數量需求、產品規格、研發設計、製

瑕疵、安全問題、新增產品功能及降低成本等;第

造等相關資料,PDM 的出現與 MRP 相互整合會加

二方面為市場競爭者、顧客反應的外在因素如客戶

速資訊的流通與正確性,無疑地提供生產製造與設

特殊需求、市場趨勢因素等[2]。

計研發一個系統整合環境。以目前來說產品發展與

Albers 認為產品工程變更的理由有四點[3]:

規格數量大多是以顧客需求為導向,在這樣的環境

(1)製造者覺得需要變更。
(2)未能滿足客戶的

中常會牽扯較多的工程變更的問題。工程變更發生

需求。
(3)製造者為了降低成本、縮短前置時間或

會增加生產成本
,如何在 MRP 與 PDM 系統中因應

週期時間以保持競爭力並維持利潤。
(4)改進健康

工程變更,我們必須尋求一種有效的方法及工具來

與安全的製造核使用狀況。
1

中國工業工程學會九十年度年會暨學術研討會,高雄,民國九十年十二月八日
(1)探討 PDM 工程變更流程

Diprima 則覺得應結合製造、工程、財務、行
銷等部門組成一個工程變更審議委員會來決議 各

藉由 PDM 系統所提供之工作流程(Workflow)

種的工程變更及生效日期。他認為工程變更之決定

管理功能,建立工程變更之流程,並定義流程

主要因素為時程(Timing)及成本(Cost)[3]。

各階段步驟與步驟之間的流程關係(Routing)、設

Miller 認為工程變更的形式有下列三種[4]:

定流程各階段的負責人及批示意見及種類等,

(1) 立即變更:此類型的變更通常是因為在製程

因此,此階段所具備的功能為:建立有系統的

上或市場上有了相當大的變革或問題發生所導致

PDM 程變更流程,並加以記錄,以確定未來模

的斷然措施。通常指安全性的問題或產品本身有重

型建構之完整性。

大瑕疵,需要馬上變更。
(2)探討 MRP 物料需求變更流程

(2) 時間區隔變更或有效日期變更:此類型的變

由 MRP 基本運作系統及其後續的製造時物料

更乃是限定在某一個有限日期之後或是某固定時

需求變更所常用的流程,並將 MRP 所需之資訊

段之後,便開始執行變更後的設計或製程。在考慮

鍵入系統中,建構一完整 MRP 系統。此步驟所

存貨情況、新零件是否可獲得及計畫需求後,考慮

具備的功能為:建構一完整 MRP 系統,以便將

最佳的變更日期。

MRP 系統與 PDM 系統作整合,確定模型建構時

(3) 逐步變更或耗盡變更:屬於批量型的逐步變

系統流程的連續完整性。

更,可設定為下一批量執行變更或用完所有舊料後
再逐步更換新的材料。

(3)建構流程模式

產品資料管理(Product Data Management,PDM)

此步驟是將前兩步驟所得到的資訊及流程進

提供產品定義資料管理及產品開發生命週期管

行塑模建構一以事件導向程序鏈結圖(eEPC)為

理,它是經由一種建立產品架構及工程流程的工

架構的流程模式,並檢視兩系統流程整合點,

具,用來對與產品相關的所有資料做有系統的組織

將兩系統緊密結合在一起,達成系統流程整合

(Organize)、存取(Access)及控制(Control)。 PDM 系

之目的。此步驟所具備的功能為:以流程模式

統其主要在透過對資料的有效管理,提高生產效

將 PDM 與 MRP 做一全盤的分析並做整合,以

率,也可以改善產品開發流程,並顯著減少資料庫

便在探討工程變更對 PDM 及 MRP 系統影響時

中零件數目和提供各種相關報表資料。

相關資訊之追溯。

3. 研究目的

(4)物件模型建構

本研究主要的目的為:(1)利用企業流程塑模工具,

此步驟是將前一步驟所得到的事件導向程序

針對 PDM 之工程變更與 MRP 資料間之關係構一流

鏈結圖(eEPC)架構流程模型利用轉換方法轉換

程模型,以便了解之間的關係。(2) 將企業流程模

成 UML 的使用案例圖、循序圖以及相關的分析

型轉換成物件導向 UML 之相關模型,並進而分析

圖[5]。此步驟所具備的功能為:將流程模型轉

出建構此流程所需之相關軟體元件。

換,以便提供下一步驟所需的其他資訊。

4. 研究方法

(5)建立實作系統

本研究由發展 PDM 與 MRP 整合架構去探討

在系統架構方面,流程建構係使用 ARIS

工程變更零件變更管理對生產所造成的影響之過

Toolset 4.0 來建構流程模式,物件導向分析利用

程提出研究實行步驟與其所需之資源(resource)、控

UML 來分析出所要的物件及相關元件,PDM 平

制(control)及機制(mechanism)。

台 係 使 用 中 衛 PDM 系 統 , MRP 使 用 鼎 新
2

中國工業工程學會九十年度年會暨學術研討會,高雄,民國九十年十二月八日
圖-1 PDM 之工程變更對 MRP 影響之作業流程

Workflow ERP 系統並配合區域網路,建構成為
此實作之網路環境架構。

(6)探討工程變更對物料生產之影響
此步驟為藉由 PDM 與 MRP 之整合探討 PDM
之設計變更對 MRP 中物料之影響。

5. 研究成果
本研究分析 PDM 之工程變更對 MRP 影響之
作業流程如圖-1 所示。經由 UML 之方法分析出之
類別圖如圖-2 所示。這些企業元件之包裹圖如圖-3
所示。

EC要求
說說configuration
形態完成

圖-2 UML 之類別圖

EC提案提核

提核EC提案
修改修修
按有資料庫

USER SERVICE
PACKAGES

系統控制物件

選選修修
資料庫建目
EC分析形態
建立新產品建目

使用者介面物件

物料資料
更改更理
非制ECR

產品結構資料
更改更理

BUSINESS SERVICE
PACKAGES

非非制ECR

物料資料
更改完工

產品結構資料
更改完工

新產品建目
建立完工

ECR物件
服務

BOM物件
服務

說說configuration
形態

DATA SERVICE
PACKAGES
轉換EC to
MRP's ECN

資料存取物件

修改
MRP BOM 內內

建立MRP's ECN
MRP BOM 內內
修改確認

圖-3 企業元件之包裹圖

確認MRP's ECN
工作分解結構

MRP's ECN確認

本研究所提出之實作系統架構包含兩大部
分,分別為 PDM 與 ERP 整合環境與工程變更管

工作分解結構完工

理架構。在 PDM 與 ERP 整合環境部分為:PDM

決定 configuration
生效日期

生效日期確認

將BOM導入
生產系統

模組、ERP 模組以及資料整合模組,在工程變更

製造過程安排

管理系統分為 PDM 工程變更管理模組。
在系統架構方面, PDM 平台係使用中衛

按按更更不改變
生產數量

根根顧客需求
更改生產更更

生產系統安排確認

PDM 系統,ERP 使用鼎新 Workflow ERP 系統並
配合區域網路,建構成為此實作之硬體環境架構

實行EC改變

更更修改完成

(如圖-4 所示)


EC改變完成

3

中國工業工程學會九十年度年會暨學術研討會,高雄,民國九十年十二月八日
本 研 究 將 採 用 Delphi 所 提 供 的 支 援

本研究以排量調節組為測試工件,圖 7 為排

MTS(Microsoft Transaction Server)開發環境架構,本

量調節組之實體爆炸圖。其設計變更後 PDM 之

研究採用了以下的規則。在所有有關連結資料庫的

EBOM 表更如圖 8 所示 設計變更後 MRP 之 MBOM


資料存取控制物件上,就使用 Delphi 內
「MTS Data

表更如圖 9 所示 吾人便可藉由 MRP 中 MBOM 表


Module」物件來進行開發。而在企業邏輯層中的系

更內之資料變化了解 PDM 之設計變更對 MRP 中

統物件,則使用「MTS Object」物件來進行開發。

物料之影響。

最後連結前端的系統控制物件,使用
「Active Server
Object」物件來進行開發。其系統元件開發架構圖
如圖 5 所示。所開發完成之系統元件如圖 6 所示。

中衛PDM
(PDM Client)

Internet Browser

鼎新
(Workflow ERP Clie

Ethernet

中衛PDM
(PDM Oracle Server)

Web Server

圖-7 排量調節組之實體爆炸圖

鼎新
(Workflow ERP
SQL Server)

圖-4 系統實作架構

MTS 架構

企業元件
(Delphi : MTS 物件)
中衛PDM
(PDM Oracle Serve

Web Server

資料存取控制元件
系統控制元件
(Delphi : MTS 資料模組)
(Delphi : ASP 物件)

Delphi 企業元件開發架構圖

鼎新
(ERP Workflow
SQL Server)

圖-8 設計變更後 PDM 之 EBOM 表更

圖-5 系統元件開發架構

圖-6 系統元件顯示圖

4

中國工業工程學會九十年度年會暨學術研討會,高雄,民國九十年十二月八日
圖-9 設計變更後 MRP 之 MBOM 表更
6.結論
本研究首先利用 ARIS 之 e-EPC 建立 PDM 系
統之工程變更審核作業及 ERP 系統運作流程之系
統環境,ARIS 之 e-EPC 是一種流程分析方法,而
UML 則是一種物件導向程式分析技術,從 ARIS 之

Integrate a Business Analysis Method and an
Object Oriented Approach to Develop a

e-EPC 與 UML 中取各其優點特色,藉此 ARIS 模
型,將事件導向程序鏈結圖轉換為 UML 架構,並

Query System for the Influence of an
Engineering Change on ERP

以此 UML 架構的使用案例圖、循序圖以及相關的
分析圖,將流程模型轉換,以便提供工程變更所需
的資訊。

C. Ou-Yang*, C.H. Hwang*,

總觀以上而言,本研究的具體成果如下:

Y.H. Cheng**, S.S. Lo**

(1) 以 ARIS 之 e-EPC 為工具,將產品生命週期

*Department of Industrial Management

之工程變更流程由 PDM 至 MRP 系 統塑模

National Taiwan University of Science and Technology

出一完整模型。

**Electronic Commerce Division,

(2) 用 UML 為系統分析工具 將 ARIS 之 e-EPC


Corporate Synergy Development Center

工程變更流程轉換成 UML 架構作一完整的

ouyang@im.ntust.edu.tw

元件分析。
(3) 將 PDM 系統及 MRP 系統之間的流程元件
化。

Abstract
Integrating several business applications have been regarded as one of the major tasks in

參考文獻

those, the integration of a product data management environment (PDM) and manufacturing resource planning (MRP) was one of the major addressed

張盛鴻,”工程變更生效日期決策模式—常前

areas. Recently, component-based business has been

置時間的生產環境 ” 中國工業工程期刊,

addressed

Vol. 14,No. 2,pp 195-207, 1997

applications. One of the major reasons is that the

M. Diprima,“Engineering Change Control and

concepts

Implementation Considerations ”Production and

re-configurability of business application software

Inventory Management,First Quarter,pp81-87,

and hence can support the flexibility of the business

(1982)
4.

System

Research,Vol. 32,No. 3,pp619-641(1994)

3.

constructing an e-Business environment. Among

Performance”,International Journal of Product

2.

C.J. Ho , “Evaluation the Impact of Frequent
Engineering

1.

process.

Changes

on

MRP

E.D. Miller , ”Integrating PDM and ERP” ,

in of the

development

components

can

of

business

improve

the

In this research, a business component-analyzing

CIMdata,March 1999
5.

framework to support the integration of PDM and MRP

楊昌霖,”企業流程改造與企業資源規劃系統

will be developed. A business process module applying

建構之整合方法”,國立清華大學碩士論文,

ARIS concepts will be developed to describe the

1999 年

integration process of the PDM and MRP. Then, the
ARIS model will be transferred to a UML model. A
5

中國工業工程學會九十年度年會暨學術研討會,高雄,民國九十年十二月八日 component analyzing method SELECT will be applied to examine the UML model. Finally, the analyzed components will be used to construct the PDM/MRP integration module.
Keywords: PDM, MRP, Business Component, UML,
Business Process

6

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