...the strategic location also would exist benefits regarding transdisciplinary work between different plants. Benefits that result in a consistent process integration, cross information, facilitating learning, technological exchange and decreased bureaucracies, all factors which contribute to the improvement of production processes and efficiency. In relation to economies of scope, this new project would achieve diversify activities pulping, taking advantage of new technologies in processing focused on expanding other industries. And finally, this new plant, will allow to Arauco, get an horizontal growth that would position him as one of the largest producers in Latin America with Aracruz. Forward integration It means to move into paper manufacturing rather than a horizontal growth, competing...
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...Birch Paper Company * Is a medium sized, partly integrated company * Three products, white and Draft papers and paperboard * The company is decentralized- both authority and responsibility * Seems like most of their decisions are based on profits and ROI * Northern and Thompson division together designed box for Northern division * Thompson division was reimbursed by Northern division for it’s designing and development * Apart from Thompson’s bid they also get two different offers from outside companies * Company policy where each division manager had full freedom and discretion to buy from anywhere * Thompson’s most materials from within company but sales mostly outsiders * If Thompson get bid, materials to be procured from Southern division * 70% of out of pocket costs of $400 were above materials * This constituted 60% of selling price * The Northern division received bids on 1000 boxes: - Thompson division- $480 - West Paper Company- $430 - Eire Paper Company- $432 * Eire paper Company dilemma: -Purchase (1000 boxes) outside linear board from Birch with special printing from Thompson at $90 plus $30 for printing -“Competitive market where higher costs cannot be passed on, how can we buy own supplies at 10% higher than market rate?” * Thompson division felt they didn’t receive profit for their development work, so they marked up cost on production of the box * Team 1 assessment that Northern division should...
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...Birch Case--summary Background: Birch Paper Company is a large and vertically integrated paper company. It has three products: white paper, Kraft paper and paperboard. The company has four producing divisions and a timberland division (supplies pulp). Each division is operated by its manager independently, and each of them is assessed based on its profit and return on investment. A decentralizing policy has been applied by top management, which has increase corporate profits and competitive position. Situation: Thompson division designed a box for Northern division. Each box includes three parts: an inside linerboard, an outside linerboard, and the corrugating medium. Northern division paid for Thompson only the out of pocket cost of its design and development work. After that, Northern has three offers from Thompson and other two outside companies West and Erie. Usually, managers have rights to choose suppliers of materials freely, and may get sales price inside Birch. There are three bids: 1) The bid from Thompson is $480. If Thompson gets the offer, it will buy most of materials from inside Birch. These materials will cost 70% of out-of-pocket costs of $400, and is equivalent to 60% of selling price. 2) The bid from Eire Paper is $430. If Eire gets the offer, it will purchase the outside linerboard from Birch and use its own inside linerboard and corrugating medium. The outside linerboard will cost $120 a gross ($90 is the material from Southern division and $30 is...
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...and professional papers is to inform the public on a specific subject matter. These writings relate directly to a broad spectrum dependent on the edition or publication specifics. Of professional papers, several types can provide a scope of information and credibility toward a purveyance of technical or detailed information. The structure is usually even flowing and organized with particular information segments set out about the constituency of the writing. These papers, intended for publication in special interest journals, enhance the writers research, writing, and documentation capabilities as some of the information, not being his/her own will need to be accredited as if it is not, than plagiarism will be extrapolated. Journals, usually published by or for a particular subject matter or client, are detailed and accurate. There may be a UCLA journal, National Geographic Journal, or even a mechanic’s journal. The particulars of this, geared toward a particular audience and each entry, will usually comprise two titles sharing a general viewpoint for the nonprofessional and an entry specific title for the professional. The purpose of journals is to inform a group or individual of the credible elements related to a curriculum or scientific, professional, or academic scope. The writings or information in a journal may be composed of professional papers but the opposite is not the same. When a professional is composing a scientific paper, there are parameters...
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...Report on Pulp and Paper Industry Leif Duncan S. Urdaneta University of San Carlos Technological Center Cebu City, Philippines Abstract Information about the pulp and paper industry that focuses mainly on kraft pulping using wood as raw material for paper production is covered in this report. Content includes a brief account of the global paper production status, a general overview of the kraft paper making process that is presented with a model mill PFD (with materials balance) from ÅForsk Engineering (2011) as well as actual information from Danao Paper Mill, general waste management practices recommendations by authoritative figures, actual waste management of Danao Paper Mill, future trends and direction of the industry in general and that of Danao Paper Mill, and finally, author’s conclusion and closing remarks. Table of Contents Introduction | 4 | Existing Industries | 5 - 8 | Manufacturing | General Overview | | | Pulp production | 9-11 | | Chemical Recovery | 12-13 | | Paper Making | 13-14 | | Danao Paper Mill | 14-15 | | Stock Preparation | 15 | | Repulping | 15-18 | | The Paper Machine | 18-20 | | Mass Balances | 21 | | Process Flow Diagrams | 22-23 | Waste Management | Overview | 24-25 | | Danao Paper Mill | 25 | Future Trends and Direction | Philippines | 26 | | Danao Paper Mill | 26 | Conclusion | 27 | Recommendations | 27 | References | 28-30 | Introduction Starting at around 1965, paper industries around...
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...Graduate School and Finishing Your Dissertation "Out in Five" Source: Brad De Long's Website Don't clutter up your life with other activities; just write. Don't carry out a thorough and comprehensive search of the literature; just write. Don't attempt to make sure that every page you write shows the full extent of your professional skills; just write. Don't write a well-organized, well-integrated, unified dissertation; just write. Don't think profound thoughts that shake the intellectual foundations of the discipline; just write. If you don't have a paper started by the spring of your third year, be alarmed. If you don't have a paper largely drafted by the fall of your fourth year, panic. Have three new ideas a week while you are getting started. Don't try to game the profession, work on what interests you. Good papers in economics have three characteristics: o A viewpoint. o A lever. o A result. Utpal Bhattacharya’s Views on What Constitutes a Good Paper in Financial Economics For me, a good paper in financial economics is really an essay that exposits an opinion that is substantiated with evidence. I look for five things: 1) The Research Question. Is it interesting and important? New question? Old question with no previous clear answers? Whether the research question is interesting and important is determined with respect to the literature (more objective judgment) and with respect to economic ...
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...answers to the things that I don't know. Most importantly I have learned how important literature and language are. When I started at CI, I thought I was going to spend the next 3 years reading classics, discussing them and then writing about them. That was what I did in community college English courses, so I didn't think it would be much different here. On the surface, to an outsider, I am sure that this is what it appears that C.I. English majors do. In most all my classes I did read, discuss, and write papers; however, I quickly found out that that there was so much more to it. One specific experience I had while at C.I. really shows how integrated this learning is. Instead of writing a paper for my final project in Perspectives of Multicultural Literature (ENGL 449), I decided with a friend to venture to an Indian reservation and compare it to a book we read by Sherman Alexie. We had a great time and we learned so much more that we ever could have done from writing a paper. The opportunity to do that showed me that there are so many ways that one can learn that are both fun and educational. The English courses also taught me how powerful the written word and language can be. Words tell so much more than a story. Stories tell about life and the...
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...Packages limited Packages Limited was established in 1957 as a joint venture between the Ali Group of Pakistan and Akerlund & Rausing of Sweden, to convert paper and paperboard into packaging for consumer industry. Over the years, Packages has continued to enhance its facilities to meet the growing demand of packaging products. In 1968, with IFC participation, Packages integrated upstream by establishing a Pulp and Paper Mill with a capacity of 24,000 tons per year based on waste paper and agricultural by-products i.e. wheat straw and river grass. With growing demand the capacity was increased periodically and in January 2003, total capacity was nearly 100,000 tons per year. In 1982, Packages modified a paper machine to produce tissue paper in response to growing awareness and demand for hygienic and disposable tissues. The “Rose Petal” brand name was launched with facial tissues and was later expanded to include toilet paper, kitchen roll, and table napkins. In 1986, the Company established a flexible packaging unit to cater to the increasing demand from consumers for sophisticated packaging used primarily in the food industry. In 1993, a joint venture agreement was signed with Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan for the manufacture of Polypropylene films at the Industrial Estate in Hattar, KPK. This project, Tri-Pack Films Limited, commenced production in June 1995 with equity participation by Packages Limited, Mitsubishi Corporation, Altawfeek ...
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...I carried information about all below items from Metro departmental store Tokar niaz bag Lahore. The information’s are as follows, * Alakozai tea Alokozay Tea produces the purest & finest tea products that make up a variety of black teas, green teas, flavored teas and herbal infusions. Each one is distinct in taste and unique in aroma, with flavors that cannot be replicated. Uncompromising in our approach to quality, we only use the top leaves of the tea plant. * Reem basmati Rice Produced by ; Reem Rice Mills Price; 82 per kg In the province of west Punjab in Pakistan, the delta of Rivers Ravi & Chenab consisting of Districts of Sheikhupura, Sialkot, Gujranwala & Lahore has been gifted by nature with special alluvial clayey soil which irrigated by perennial waters of these rivers nurtured by monsoons during Paddy season in July & August, gives birth to finest Basmati Rice with its aroma, elongation & fluffiness upon cooking. It is in this delta that Basmati Rice is grown from centuries, which is not only the folklore of Punjab but also is the heritage of Pakistan. * Tefal kettle Price; 1200RS tefal is a French cookware and small appliance manufacturer owned by Groupe SEB. Prepare hot drinks in style with one of the attractive kettles. * Luminarc plate set Price; 1199Rs Luminarc is the oldest brand currently sold by Arc, launched in 1948. Arc International is a French manufacturer and distributor of household goods. ...
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...Education has been changing so much in the last few years with the introduction to the computers both in the classroom and at home with the students. Students are no longer expected to write papers but type them up; Papers are no longer expected to be just writing but integrated with pictures and graphs; Projects have also changed from who can learn the most to who can make it look good. Computers have revolutionized education, but not without a cost. The cost is the quality of education some students receive. Computers take time students would normally use reading and researching so that they can make their project or paper more attractive. Time is taken away because teachers have not looked upon quality lately, and teachers don’t grade harshly if it looks good. Papers have such a high expectation of visibility and a low expectation of quality these days. This theory has been tested by both students and experts and has been found to be true. The same paper in a different form with more pictures and charts will get a significantly better grade then one of just writing. They have also found that the same paper when written, as opposed to typed, will receive a significantly lower grade then the one done on the computer. This shows the paradigm shift that has taken place over the years from quality to computerization. If a medium could be reached where students put as much time and effort into the contents of their work as they did into the look of their work it could easily be said...
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...elasticity and revenues (With example of ITC paperboard & specialty papers division) BY Indian Paper Industry Structure: * The Indian paper industry accounts for about 2% of the world production of paper & paperboard; currently ranks 15th in the world. * Estimated turnover of Rs. 25,000 crore approximately; contribution of about Rs. 2920 crore to the exchequer. * The industry provides employment to more than 0.12 million people directly and 0.34 million people indirectly. * Over 800 players are currently present in the industry and the total estimated capacity is about 11.1 million Metric Tonnes. * Most mills in India are small; a few mills have integrated manufacturing operations or the facility for manufacturing paper from pulp. This, along with government policies, has resulted in the industry becoming highly fragmented, with a large number of companies having small capacities. * The Indian paper industry had been classified on the basis of size, grades manufacturers and raw materials utilized. The Indian paper industry is chiefly categorised into writing and printing (W and P), paperboard and newsprint, of which paperboard accounts for the largest share of market in volume terms, while W and P is the largest in value terms. This industry is highly fragmented. Wood-based pulp, wastepaper and agri-residues are the main raw materials used to manufacture paper. As domestic wood supply is inadequate compared to demand, and wastepaper...
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...India's pulp and paper sector PESTLE Analysis PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding the industry situation as a whole, and is often used in conjunction with a SWOT analysis to assess the situation of an individual business. PESTLE stands for “Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Legal and Environmental” factors. The questions to ask are: § What are the key political factors likely to affect the industry? § What are the important economic factors? § What cultural aspects are most important? § What technological innovations are likely to occur? § What current and impending legislation may affect the industry? § What are the environmental considerations? Political Factors The Political factor refers to the governmental policies which are much influenced by the economic situation in a country. It is a macro aspect of analyze which deal with major changes to the government policies of a country. It has great influence to the business outlook and confidence. Political factors often comprises of - Current taxation policy - Future taxation policy - The current and future political support - Grants, funding and initiatives - Trade bodies - Effect of wars or worsening relations with particular countries Economic factors The Economic factor is an area where macro economic environment can affect the outlook and competitiveness of any business sectors in the country. Economic factors comprises of - Overall economic situation - Strength of...
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...VISY PULP AND PAPER PTY LTD ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR A MAJOR PROJECT TUMUT MILL EXPANSION 436 Gadara Road, Tumut, New South Wales January 2007 H:\Environmental\VPP9 Stage 2\Stage 2\FINAL EA SUBMISSION\Main Report\Visy Tumut Final Env Assessment Main Report.doc Environmental Assessment Submission Under Part 3A of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 Statement by Authors Environmental Assessment Prepared By: Name Ms Leanne Hayes Company Visy Pulp and Paper Pty Ltd Position Project Environmental Engineer Qualifications BSc Environmental Biology Address 436 Gadara Road, Tumut, New South Wales, 2720 Co-authored and Reviewed By: Name Ms Alison McRae Company Peter J Ramsay and Associates Pty Ltd Position Associate Qualifications Bachelor of Engineering (Environmental), Bachelor of Commerce Address 3/538 Gardeners Road, Alexandria, New South Wales, 2015 Project Under Part 3A: Application Number 06_0195 Development Visy Pulp and Paper Tumut, Mill Expansion Development Location 436 Gadara Road, Tumut, New South Wales, 2720 Proponent Visy Pulp and Paper Pty Ltd PO Box 98 Tumut, New South Wales, 2720 Certification: I certify that I have prepared this Environmental Assessment report and that to the best of my knowledge: it has been prepared in accordance with Part 3A of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act and Regulations; and the information...
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...Execution System in Paper-making Enterprises Zhihong Xu Key Lab for Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Shandong Institute of Light Industry Shandong 250353, China E-mail: xzh1385@163.com Feng Huang The State Key Laboratory for Microbial Technology Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China Jiachuan Chen & Guihua Yang Key Lab for Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Shandong Institute of Light Industry Shandong 250353, China Abstract Manufacturing execution system (MES) is a production management technology and real-time information system which lies between the enterprise upper layer (ERP) and the bottom layer (PLC/DCS) and faces to workshop layer. MES's concept, its functional model and its important status in the manufacture industry are introduced in this article. Based on the production practice in Kunshan Banknote Paper Mill, an evaluation model of EMS is set up. The model also has a certain reference value to the construction of management information system (MIS) for the relative industries. Keywords: Pulp and paper industry, Manufacturing execution system, Furzzy evaluating method 1. Introduction The construction of informationization has made considerable progress with years of development in domestic paper industry. Large and medium-sized paper-making enterprises has widely adopted Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) for enterprise production planning management and Process Control System (PCS) for control of paper production process...
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...matter of life. We are thankful to our respected Principal, Dr. Dean and our Head of the Department, Dr. Shahnaz Choudhry, who permitted us to avail the opportunity of working in such a helpful and cooperative environment. We greatly wish to acknowledge Dr. Amir Saeed, the Manager of R & D for allowing us to work in Packages Limited, Pakistan and Mr. Ishtiaq ur Rehman, the Senior Research Chemist (R&D) for providing us the opportunity of this work and encouraging & appreciating us at every step. He not only permitted us to undertake this important part of internship work but also helped us a lot in conducting this study as a Supervisor. We felt motivated and encouraged every time we attended his meeting, Mr. Imran Khan, the incharge of Paper and Pulp Laboratory, Mr. Zafar Hussain (working staff) and the members of Physical Laboratory in Packages Limited, Pakistan who helped us throughout the work & shared their experiences & knowledge with us. The success of this project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others, apart from our efforts. We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project. Thanks to our parents whose prayers are always with us to achieve our goals in our whole life. Also, we would like to extend masses of gratitude to R & D Department for facilitating us with their leadership. Anam Nawazish Mahrukh Saleem Khan Sadaf Sherwani ...
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